This summary highlights major findings about students’ academic performance in public K-12 schools in Houston, Texas. Performance is measured by one-year learning gains or growth students made from one school year to the next. Houston students’ progress is measured against the average growth of students throughout the state. The report examines the progress of students that attend charter and magnet schools in Houston, when compared to those who attend district schools with similar student demographics. This comparison takes into account the characteristics of all students.
In 2022, CREDO at Stanford University completed a second analysis of the performance of public schools in Austin, Texas.1 This summary highlights the findings about the academic performance of students in public K-12 schools in Austin. Performance is measured by one-year learning gains or growth students made from one school year to the next. We benchmark the growth of Austin students against the state average growth and then compare the progress of charter school students with that of similar district school students within Austin, accounting for student characteristics.
This document provides a summary of research findings from a study of academic performance in Austin, Texas schools from 2014-2015 through 2017-2018. The summary includes:
- Comparisons of reading and math growth for all Austin students versus state averages and by school sector (charter vs. district).
- Analysis of subgroups including Black, Hispanic, low-income, ELL, special education, male and female students' growth within Austin and versus state averages.
- Comparisons of charter management organization (CMO) affiliated charter schools versus independent charter schools' growth.
- The study measures academic performance through analyzing student growth in learning gains over time rather than point-in-time achievement scores.
In 2022, CREDO at Stanford University completed an analysis of the performance of public schools in Fort Worth, Texas.1 This summary highlights the findings about students’ academic performance in public K-12 schools in Fort Worth. Performance is measured by one-year learning gains or growth students made from one school year to the next. We benchmark the growth of Fort Worth students against the state average academic and then compare the progress of charter school students with that of similar district school students within Fort Worth, accounting for student characteristics.
The document is a report that analyzes academic performance in Baton Rouge schools from 2016-2017 to 2018-2019. It finds that:
1) Baton Rouge charter school students outperformed similar traditional public school students in reading and math growth, while Baton Rouge magnet school students saw mixed results compared to traditional public school students.
2) Within the charter sector, students at CMO-affiliated charter schools generally saw greater gains compared to independent charter schools.
3) Performance varied among different student subgroups, with some groups like black students and students in poverty showing greater growth in charter schools compared to traditional public schools.
This document is a report on a study of academic performance in San Antonio schools from 2016-2017 to 2018-2019. It examines performance at three levels: overall in San Antonio, by sector (charter, innovation, district), and for various student subgroups. The report includes numerous data figures and statistical comparisons of student growth in reading and math between sectors and relative to state averages. It analyzes the performance of charter school subgroups relative to each other and differences in school-level performance by sector.
In 2022, CREDO at Stanford University completed a second analysis of the performance of public schools in Austin, Texas.1 This summary highlights the findings about the academic performance of students in public K-12 schools in Austin. Performance is measured by one-year learning gains or growth students made from one school year to the next. We benchmark the growth of Austin students against the state average growth and then compare the progress of charter school students with that of similar district school students within Austin, accounting for student characteristics.
This document provides a summary of research findings from a study of academic performance in Austin, Texas schools from 2014-2015 through 2017-2018. The summary includes:
- Comparisons of reading and math growth for all Austin students versus state averages and by school sector (charter vs. district).
- Analysis of subgroups including Black, Hispanic, low-income, ELL, special education, male and female students' growth within Austin and versus state averages.
- Comparisons of charter management organization (CMO) affiliated charter schools versus independent charter schools' growth.
- The study measures academic performance through analyzing student growth in learning gains over time rather than point-in-time achievement scores.
In 2022, CREDO at Stanford University completed an analysis of the performance of public schools in Fort Worth, Texas.1 This summary highlights the findings about students’ academic performance in public K-12 schools in Fort Worth. Performance is measured by one-year learning gains or growth students made from one school year to the next. We benchmark the growth of Fort Worth students against the state average academic and then compare the progress of charter school students with that of similar district school students within Fort Worth, accounting for student characteristics.
The document is a report that analyzes academic performance in Baton Rouge schools from 2016-2017 to 2018-2019. It finds that:
1) Baton Rouge charter school students outperformed similar traditional public school students in reading and math growth, while Baton Rouge magnet school students saw mixed results compared to traditional public school students.
2) Within the charter sector, students at CMO-affiliated charter schools generally saw greater gains compared to independent charter schools.
3) Performance varied among different student subgroups, with some groups like black students and students in poverty showing greater growth in charter schools compared to traditional public schools.
This document is a report on a study of academic performance in San Antonio schools from 2016-2017 to 2018-2019. It examines performance at three levels: overall in San Antonio, by sector (charter, innovation, district), and for various student subgroups. The report includes numerous data figures and statistical comparisons of student growth in reading and math between sectors and relative to state averages. It analyzes the performance of charter school subgroups relative to each other and differences in school-level performance by sector.
This document presents research findings from a study of schools in Denver, Colorado between 2016-2017 and 2018-2019. It analyzes academic growth in reading and math for all students and various student subgroups across three sectors - charter schools, innovation schools, and other district schools. Key findings are presented comparing performance between sectors and to state averages, as well as analysis at the school level. Subgroup analyses look at differences for Black, Hispanic, low-income, ELL, special education, male, and female students.
This summary highlights major findings about students’ academic performance in public K-12 schools in Newark, New Jersey. Performance is measured by one-year learning gain or growth students made from one school year to the next. We benchmark Newark students’ growth against the state average growth and then compare the progress of charter and magnet school students with that of similar non-magnet district school (abbreviated as district school) students within Newark, accounting for student characteristics.
This document provides definitions and context related to "Persistently Low Achieving" schools in Washington state. It defines what qualifies a school as persistently low achieving based on proficiency levels in reading and math over three years, as well as graduation rates for secondary schools. It outlines the methodology used to identify 47 schools falling into Tiers I and II based on these criteria. The document also provides background on data sources and validation of the methodology with the US Department of Education.
Data and cluster analytics of Texas Public Schools accountability results. Finding correlation among indices and cluster the schools based on four performance indices only rather than tens of indices (Features).
Tools: Tableau and R
This document presents research findings from a study of schools in Denver, Colorado between 2016-2017 and 2018-2019. It analyzes academic growth in reading and math for all students and various student subgroups across three sectors - charter schools, innovation schools, and other district schools. Key findings are presented comparing performance between sectors and to state averages, as well as analysis at the school level. Subgroup analyses look at differences for Black, Hispanic, low-income, ELL, special education, male, and female students.
This summary highlights major findings about students’ academic performance in public K-12 schools in Newark, New Jersey. Performance is measured by one-year learning gain or growth students made from one school year to the next. We benchmark Newark students’ growth against the state average growth and then compare the progress of charter and magnet school students with that of similar non-magnet district school (abbreviated as district school) students within Newark, accounting for student characteristics.
This document provides definitions and context related to "Persistently Low Achieving" schools in Washington state. It defines what qualifies a school as persistently low achieving based on proficiency levels in reading and math over three years, as well as graduation rates for secondary schools. It outlines the methodology used to identify 47 schools falling into Tiers I and II based on these criteria. The document also provides background on data sources and validation of the methodology with the US Department of Education.
Data and cluster analytics of Texas Public Schools accountability results. Finding correlation among indices and cluster the schools based on four performance indices only rather than tens of indices (Features).
Tools: Tableau and R
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2. Table of Contents
0 1 R E PORT OVE R VIE W
• About The City Studies Project
• Sectors of Schools
• Research Question and Analyses
• Measure of Academic Performance
Student Subgroup Analysis
Summary of Findings
0 3 APPE N DIX E S
• Acknowledgments
• Types of Charter Schools
• Methods
• Days of Learning
• Full Set of Findings
0 2 R E SE AR CH
F IN DIN G S
• Reading & Math
Overall Houston Results
Sector Analysis
• vs. state & comparison
within Houston
Charter Subsector Analysis
• Reading
• Math
School-Level Performance by Sector
Research Findings Cont’d.
Black Students
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
Hispanic Students
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
Students in Poverty
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
ELL Students
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
Special Ed Students
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
Male Students
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
Female Students
• all vs. state
• vs. state by sector &
comparison within Houston
• Reading
• Math
4. About The City Studies Project
Cohort 1 Cohort 2
The City Studies project examines the performance of schools in select U.S. cities,
including Houston. We study the academic progress of students as the measure of school
performance.
5. O
O
C
C
C
CHARTER SCHOOLS
Public schools operated independently from the
traditional school district, with autonomy in adapting
school designs and held accountable for education
results.
Charter Management Organizations (CMOs)
Organizations holding the charter and overseeing the
operation of at least three charter schools.
Independent Charter Schools
Organizations holding the charter and overseeing the
operation of a single or two charter schools.
SELECTIVE MAGNET SCHOOLS
District-run schools with focused themes and
academically selective admission.
OTHER DISTRICT-RUN SCHOOLS
Public schools not belonging to any of above two types.
C
Sectors of Schools
COMMUNITIES MAY HAVE UP TO THREE SECTORS OF SCHOOLS
6. Research Question and Analyses
IN THIS REPORT WE EXAMINE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN
HOUSTON USING DATA FROM THE SCHOOL YEARS 2017-18
THROUGH 2018-19. THERE ARE THREE LEVELS OF ANALYSIS.
Overall performance in
Houston schools over one
growth period.
• The performance of Houston
students is benchmarked against the
state average performance,
accounting for student
characteristics.
• The performance of charter school
students and the performance of
magnet school students within
Houston are then compared to that
of similar traditional public school
(district school) students within
Houston.
Performance for Houston
charter schools,
Houston magnet
schools and the rest of
Houston Public schools
over one growth period.
Performance in the 2018-
2019 school year by
school type, race,
poverty status, English
language learner (ELL)
status, special
education status and
gender.
WE MAKE TWO SETS
OF COMPARISONS.
01 02 03
7. Achievement scores capture what a student knows at a point
in time. They are influenced by students’ prior conditions in
addition to schools’ contributions.
Growth scores indicate how much progress a student makes
from one year to the next. Growth scores allow us to zero in
on the contributions of schools separately from other factors
that affect point-in-time scores.
ACHIEVEMENT VS. GROWTH
We analyze student growth in standard deviation units so
that the results can be assessed for statistical differences.
The full set of findings appear in the Appendix.
In the following graphs of findings, we transform growth
from standard deviation units into days of learning based on
a typical 180-day school year.
IN THIS STUDY WE MEASURE
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AS HOW
MUCH GROWTH STUDENTS MAKE FROM
ONE YEAR TO THE NEXT.
Measure of Academic Performance
9. significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Overall Houston Results
> Reading & Math
Average One-Year Learning Gains for All Houston
Students Compared to the State Average Learning
Gains, by Year and Subject
0
10
20
30
40
50
Reading Math
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
SY 2018-19
10. Learning Gains in Reading for Students in Houston
Charter Schools, Houston Magnet Schools, and
Houston District Schools Compared to the State
Average Learning Gains, by Year
significantly different at p< 0.05
charter magnet
Research Findings > Sector Analysis
> Reading
VS. STATE & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
charter magnet district
Reading
Charter vs. District
Magnet vs. District
Charter vs. Magnet
'18-'19 '16-'17 '17-'18
Tests of Differences
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
SY 2018-19
11. Learning Gains in Math for Students in Houston
Charter Schools, Houston Magnet Schools, and
Houston District Schools Compared to the State
Average Learning Gains, by Year
significantly different at p< 0.05
charter magnet district
Research Findings > Sector Analysis
> Math
VS. STATE & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Math
Charter vs. District
Magnet vs. District
Charter vs. Magnet
Tests of Differences
'18-'19 '16-'17 '17-'18
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
Charter magnet District
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
SY 2018-19
12. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
CMO Charter Schools Independent Charter Schools
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Relative Learning Gains for Students in Houston
CMO-Affiliated Charter Schools and Independent
Houston Charter Schools Compared to the Average
Learning Gains for All Student in the State, by
Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Charter Subsector Analysis
> vs. state & comparison within Houston
Reading
CMOs vs Independent Charter Schools
Math
CMOs vs Independent Charter Schools
sig
Tests of Differences
13. -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
Growth (in Days of Learning)
Charter
District
Magnet
Research Findings > School-Level Performance by Sector
> Reading
14. -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
Growth (in Days of Learning)
Charter
District
Magnet
Research Findings > School-Level Performance by Sector
>Math
16. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
Black Students
Houston Magnet
Black Students
Houston District
Black Students
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for Black Students in Houston Charter
Schools, Black Students in Houston Magnet Schools,
and Black Students in Houston District Schools
Compared to the Average Learning Gains of Black
Students Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Black Students
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter Black vs. District Black
Magnet Black vs. District Black
Math
Charter Black vs. District Black
Magnet Black vs. District Black
Tests of Differences
sig
18. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
Hispanic Students
Houston Magnet
Hispanic Students
Houston District
Hispanic Students
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for Hispanic Students in Houston Charter
Schools, Hispanic Students in Houston Magnet Schools, and
Hispanic Students in Houston District Schools Compared to
the Average Learning Gains of Hispanic Students
Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Hispanic Students
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter Hispanic vs. District Hispanic
Magnet Hispanic vs. District Hispanic
Math
Charter Hispanic vs. District Hispanic
Magnet Hispanic vs. District Hispanic
Tests of Differences
sig
19. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Students in Poverty
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for All Houston Students in Poverty
Compared to the Average Learning Gains of Students
in Poverty Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Students in Poverty
ALL VS. STATE
20. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
Students in Poverty
Houston Magnet
Students in Poverty
Houston District
Students in Poverty
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for Houston Charter School Students
in Poverty, Houston Magnet School Students in
Poverty, and Houston District School Students in
Poverty Compared to the Average Learning Gains of
Students in Poverty Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Students in Poverty
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter Poverty vs. District Poverty
Magnet Poverty vs. District Poverty
Math
Charter Poverty vs. District Poverty
Magnet Poverty vs. District Poverty
Tests of Differences
sig
22. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
ELL Students
Houston Magnet
ELL Students
Houston District
ELL Students
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for ELL Students in Houston Charter
Schools, ELL Students in Houston Magnet Schools,
and ELL Students in Houston District Schools
Compared to the Average Learning Gains of ELL
Students Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> ELL Students
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter ELL vs. District ELL
Magnet ELL vs. District ELL§
Math
Charter ELL vs. District ELL
Magnet ELL vs. District ELL§
Tests of Differences
sig
23. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Special Ed Students
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for All Houston Students in Special
Education Compared to the Average Learning Gains of
Students in Special Education Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Special Ed Students
ALL VS. STATE
24. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
Students in Special Ed.
Houston Magnet
Students in Special Ed.
Houston District
Students in Special Ed.
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for Houston Charter School Students
in Special Ed., Houston Magnet School Students in
Special Ed., and Houston District School Students in
Special Ed. Compared to the Average Learning Gains
of Students in Special Ed. Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Special Ed Students
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter Sped vs. District Sped
Magnet Sped vs. District Sped
Math
Charter Sped vs. District Sped
Magnet Sped vs. District Sped
Tests of Differences
sig
26. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
Male Students
Houston Magnet
Male Students
Houston District
Male Students
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for Male Students in Houston Charter
Schools, Male Students in Houston Magnet Schools,
and Male Students in Houston District Schools
Compared to the Average Learning Gains of Male
Students Statewide, by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Male Students
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter Male vs. District Male
Magnet Male vs. District Male
Math
Charter Male vs. District Male
Magnet Male vs. District Male
Tests of Differences
sig
Reading
Charter Male vs. District Male
Magnet Male vs. District Male
Math
Charter Male vs. District Male
Magnet Male vs. District Male
Tests of Differences
sig
28. -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
Houston Charter
Female Students
Houston Magnet
Female Students
Houston District
Female Students
Growth
(in
Days
of
Learning)
Learning Gains for Female Students in Houston Charter
Schools, Female Students in Houston Magnet Schools, and
Female Students in Houston District Schools Compared to
the Average Learning Gains of Female Students Statewide,
by Subject
significantly different at p< 0.05
reading math
Research Findings > Student Subgroup Analysis
> Female Students
VS. STATE BY SECTOR & COMPARISON WITHIN HOUSTON
Reading
Charter Female vs. District Female
Magnet Female vs. District Female
Math
Charter Female vs. District Female
Magnet Female vs. District Female
Tests of Differences
sig
29. Summary of Findings
The summary of the findings from the analysis of Houston schools is presented here.
31. Acknowledgments
Texas Education
Agency, Texas Schools
Project, and Texas
Higher Education
Advisory Board provided
supports in the acquisition
of student-level data.
The Houston
Independent School
District assisted CREDO
with identifying selective
magnet schools in
Houston.
Good Reason Houston
assisted CREDO with
verifying the list of public
schools in Houston.
Disclaimer: The conclusions of this research do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official position of the Texas
Education Agency, the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, the Texas Workforce Commission or the State of
Texas.
32. Types of Charter Schools
• With more schools and students than a single charter
school, CMOs have some operational advantages in their
ability to spread administrative fixed costs, thus
providing the possibility of greater efficiency. In
addition, CMOs may be able to support additional
programs and more robust staffing.
• Whether CMOs lead to better student outcomes is a
matter of interest across the country.
OUR ANALYSES OF HOUSTON CHARTER
SCHOOLS INCLUDE A BREAKOUT OF
CMOS AND INDEPENDENT CHARTERS.
There are two types
of charter schools.
CHARTER MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS (CMOS)
Organizations holding the charter and overseeing the
operation of at least three charter schools.
INDEPENDENT CHARTER SCHOOLS
Organization holding the charter and overseeing the
operation of a single charter school. It may run the school
directly or contract with an organization which provides
services to one or two charter schools.
33. Methods
The annual academic growth of students in Houston from
2017-18 to 2018-19, overall and by sector, is benchmarked to
the state average growth, accounting for student
characteristics.
We also explore how one-year growth of Houston students
for the period ending in Spring 2019 differs by school type,
race, poverty status, English language learner status, special
education status, and gender.
34. Days of Learning
While these tools create precise and reliable answers,
they are presented in technical terms that are not
user-friendly to a general audience. To translate the
technical results into terms that are accessible to non-
technical audiences, CREDO developed Days of
Learning.
CREDO USES ADVANCED
TECHNOLOGY AND
SOPHISTICATED STATISTICAL
TOOLS TO MEASURE STUDENTS,
SCHOOLS AND THE EDUCATION
LANDSCAPE.
Think about the students in your state’s public schools. For many of their years
of schooling, they take achievement tests to measure what they know at the end of
the school year. We can identify the average score for each test each year.
Imagine a student who scores exactly at the average in one year, say 4th
grade, and then in the following year, scores exactly at the average again on the 5th-
grade test. The amount of year-to-year learning for that student show us what the
average learning is for all the students who took both tests.
We do that calculation for every grade the state tests: 4th to 5th, 5th to 6th,
and so on.
CREDO uses those annual measures of average learning to represent a typical
year of learning, and equates that to a typical 180-day school year. We say that the
student in our example has gained 180 days of learning.
If a student makes more progress than the average student, we take the
amount of extra achievement and translate it into 180-days of learning plus “X” extra
days. We are creating a measure of student learning as if the student went to school
for 180 days plus X days. The size of “X” depends on how much more the student
learns than the average student — if it’s a lot more, then “X” will be a large number,
and if it’s a small amount more, “X” will be a small number.
The same is true for students who do not learn as much as the average
student. Instead of adding to the 180-days-of-learning average, we subtract from
that base to reflect the smaller-than-average advances that those students realize. In
these cases, the difference leads to numbers such a “165 days of learning” or “152
days of learning”. Against the average standard of 180 days, these smaller days show
that students learned as if they had only attended school for 180 days minus X days
during the school year.
01
02
03
04
05
06
3rd
Grade
4th
Grade
= 180
days
More than 180
days
Less than 180
days
Student
A
Student
A
35. Overall Houston Results
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
H o u s t o n O v e r a l l 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 0.01 2 0.06** 32**
36. Houston School Sectors Compared
to State Average
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
C h a r t e r S c h o o l s 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 0.07** 38** 0.12** 67**
M a g n e t S c h o o l s 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 0.16** 93** 0.07 43
O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l s 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 -0.01 -6 0.05** 26**
37. Comparison of School Sectors within Houston
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
C h a r t e r S c h o o l s v s . O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l s 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 0.07** 43** 0.07* 41*
M a g n e t S c h o o l s v s . O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l s 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 0.17** 98** 0.03 16
38. Charter Subsector Analysis
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
H o u s t o n C M O s v s . S t a t e A v e r a g e 0.08** 46** 0.16** 92**
H o u s t o n I n d e p e n d e n t C h a r t e r s v s . S t a t e A v e r a g e 0.02 14 -0.02 -10
H o u s t o n C M O s v s . H o u s t o n I n d e p e n d e n t C h a r t e r s 0.06 32 0.17 101
39. Student Subgroup Analysis> Black Students
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of Black Students
H o u s t o n B l a c k S t u d e n t s O v e r a l l 0.00 -3 0.04** 22**
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l B l a c k S t u d e n t s 0.07** 38** 0.1** 57**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l B l a c k S t u d e n t s 0.17** 102** 0.15** 86**
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l B l a c k S t u d e n t s -0.02* -12* 0.03* 16*
Compared with Black Students in Other District Schools in
Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l B l a c k S t u d e n t s 0.08** 49** 0.07* 40*
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l B l a c k S t u d e n t s 0.19** 113** 0.12* 69*
40. Student Subgroup Analysis> Hispanic Students
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of Hispanic Students
H o u s t o n H i s p a n i c S t u d e n t s O v e r a l l 0.00 1 0.05** 31**
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l H i s p a n i c S t u d e n t s 0.08** 44** 0.14** 84**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l H i s p a n i c S t u d e n t s 0.12** 70** 0.01 5
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l H i s p a n i c S t u d e n t s -0.01 -8 0.04** 22**
Compared with Hispanic Students in Other District Schools
in Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l H i s p a n i c S t u d e n t s 0.09** 52** 0.11** 61**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l H i s p a n i c S t u d e n t s 0.13** 78** -0.03 -17
41. Student Subgroup Analysis> Students in Poverty
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of Students in Poverty
H o u s t o n S t u d e n t s i n P o v e r t y O v e r a l l 0.01 5 0.06** 33**
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l S t u d e n t s i n P o v e r t y 0.09** 50** 0.14** 79**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l S t u d e n t s i n P o v e r t y 0.14** 82** 0.06 37
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l S t u d e n t s i n P o v e r t y -0.01 -5 0.04** 25**
Compared with Students in Poverty in Other District
Schools in Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l S t u d e n t s i n P o v e r t y 0.09** 54** 0.09** 54**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l S t u d e n t s i n P o v e r t y 0.15** 86** 0.02 11
42. Student Subgroup Analysis> ELL Students
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of ELL Students
H o u s t o n E L L S t u d e n t s O v e r a l l -0.04** -22** 0.01 8
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l E L L S t u d e n t s 0.06** 35** 0.11** 63**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l E L L S t u d e n t s -0.10 -59 -0.03 -18
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l E L L S t u d e n t s -0.05** -32** 0.00 -2
Compared with ELL Students in Other District Schools in
Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l E L L S t u d e n t s 0.11* 67* 0.11* 65*
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l E L L S t u d e n t s § -0.05 -28 -0.03 -16
43. Student Subgroup Analysis> Special Ed Students
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of Special Ed Students
H o u s t o n S p e c i a l E d S t u d e n t s O v e r a l l 0.01 6 0.04** 24**
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l S p e c i a l E d S t u d e n t s 0.12** 69** 0.09** 54**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l S p e c i a l E d S t u d e n t s 0.10 61 0.02 10
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l S p e c i a l E d S t u d e n t s 0.00 -1 0.04* 21*
Compared with Special Ed Students in Other District
Schools in Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l S p e c i a l E d S t u d e n t s 0.12** 69** 0.06 33
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l S p e c i a l E d S t u d e n t s 0.11 61 -0.02 -12
44. Student Subgroup Analysis> Male Students
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of Male Students
H o u s t o n M a l e S t u d e n t s O v e r a l l 0.01 5 0.05** 30**
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l M a l e S t u d e n t s 0.07** 43** 0.11** 66**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l M a l e S t u d e n t s 0.14** 80** 0.04 25
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l M a l e S t u d e n t s 0.00 -2 0.04** 25**
Compared with Male Students in Other District Schools in
Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l M a l e S t u d e n t s 0.08** 45** 0.07* 40*
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l M a l e S t u d e n t s 0.14** 82** 0.00 0
45. Student Subgroup Analysis> Female Students
Significant at p < 0.05*
Significant at p < 0.01**
R E A D I N G M A T H
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
S t a n d a r d
D e v i a t i o n
D a y s o f
L e a r n i n g
Compared with Statewide Average of Female Students
H o u s t o n F e m a l e S t u d e n t s O v e r a l l 0.00 0 0.06** 33**
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l F e m a l e S t u d e n t s 0.06** 33** 0.12** 69**
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l F e m a l e S t u d e n t s 0.18** 104** 0.10** 59**
H o u s t o n O t h e r D i s t r i c t S c h o o l F e m a l e S t u d e n t s -0.02* -9* 0.05** 27**
Compared with Female Students in Other District Schools
in Houston
H o u s t o n C h a r t e r S c h o o l F e m a l e S t u d e n t s 0.07** 42** 0.07 42
H o u s t o n M a g n e t S c h o o l F e m a l e S t u d e n t s 0.19** 113** 0.06 32