Lower for longer; constructive ambiguity. Chair Powell took pains to paint an image of constructive ambiguity, repeatedly highlighting that the Committee is focused on pursuing policy that is “appropriate” in achieving its dual mandate. The current policy stance is deemed appropriate with current projections achievable via modest policy adjustments (likely -75bps of cuts). Nonetheless, if the economy turns down, “a more extensive sequence of rate cuts is appropriate”. As we argued prior, “it is better to guide for looser policy in an open-ended manner (flattening backwardation of rate cut expectations) rather than encourage front-loading of rate cut expectations”. We think that the Chair has achieved such an outcome, together with “guidance” for an extended pause at a minimum; the best mix of policy, considering circumstances.
Fed must relent. Our expectations now is for a state dependent (global financial conditions to stabilise, cushion rising debt repayment burden and allowing domestic leverage to level off, coupled with still moderate economic growth/inflation, policy options to widen positively globally, especially in China) Fed relent with scope for a final 25-50bps, if any (pause otherwise), in late 2019/2020, should the cycle extents, with the FFR hitting cycle terminal at 2.75-3.00%.
We like rates structurally, both on adequate valuations (breakeven levels: 5y, 3.55% (2.98%); and 10y, 3.36% (3.09%)) and as a hedge for risk assets, taking the under on the (largely) priced base case of a smooth 3 year (2018-2020) rate hiking cycle. Based on our macro risk-neutral model and pure expectations, we see 1.80-2.50% and 2.10-2.30% on the UST 5 and 10. Our view is to stay long on the UST 5-10y, prefer 7y; tactical view suggests range trading, 10T around 2.80-3.20%, into 1H19 (Fed hikes by 75bps to 2.75-3.00% by 1H19; anchor extent of rates rally; near term upside risks of a Republican sweep of the mid-terms, providing the President and the Republican Party with another opportunity to pursue even looser (pro-wealth) fiscal policy.
201906 FOMC - An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, unless when th...QuanJianChingCFACAIA
Key drivers will revolve around, i) global trade negotiations/future framework and its implications; ii) contagion from global growth slowdown and weakness in the industrial sector (disruptions to semi-cons, autos, energy sectors; Boeing); and iii) changes, if any, to the Fed’s reaction function. We do not see sufficient evidence of a steep slowdown into an outright recession (though recognize the uncertainties) which markets have broadly priced. The scale of policy guidance and aggressively priced rates markets, we believe, will turn out to be an error. Global financial conditions are rapidly easing, pushing up asset valuations on highly uncertain fundamentals with aggressively dovish pricing limiting future policy room to support markets. Instead of seeking to dampen volatility, it would have been better to realign markets to the Fed’s (strategic) reaction function and allow global markets to find its own levels (via two way volatility).
Tactically, we think that duration is rich and see US5T and US10T closer to 2.30-2.60% into 1H20 (+10-15bps in breakevens; +30-40bps in TP), expecting a bear steepening; preferring rolling the 3 month. Duration-adjusted, prefer front/backend to 2-7 years.
With a backdrop of accommodative policy and our view of generally anchored inflation and resilient growth over coming quarters, we believe that risk/carry will remain supported into 2H19, within the current context (using more binary rather than probabilistic analytical lenses; prolonged clarity over the opportunity cost of risk-free asset amid broadly stable growth/inflation).
SandPointe
Investment Perspective
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Roger E. Brinner, PhD
Chief Market Strategist and Co-founding Partner
September 2014
Fed must relent. Our expectations now is for a state dependent (global financial conditions to stabilise, cushion rising debt repayment burden and allowing domestic leverage to level off, coupled with still moderate economic growth/inflation, policy options to widen positively globally, especially in China) Fed relent with scope for a final 25-50bps, if any (pause otherwise), in late 2019/2020, should the cycle extents, with the FFR hitting cycle terminal at 2.75-3.00%.
We like rates structurally, both on adequate valuations (breakeven levels: 5y, 3.55% (2.98%); and 10y, 3.36% (3.09%)) and as a hedge for risk assets, taking the under on the (largely) priced base case of a smooth 3 year (2018-2020) rate hiking cycle. Based on our macro risk-neutral model and pure expectations, we see 1.80-2.50% and 2.10-2.30% on the UST 5 and 10. Our view is to stay long on the UST 5-10y, prefer 7y; tactical view suggests range trading, 10T around 2.80-3.20%, into 1H19 (Fed hikes by 75bps to 2.75-3.00% by 1H19; anchor extent of rates rally; near term upside risks of a Republican sweep of the mid-terms, providing the President and the Republican Party with another opportunity to pursue even looser (pro-wealth) fiscal policy.
201906 FOMC - An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, unless when th...QuanJianChingCFACAIA
Key drivers will revolve around, i) global trade negotiations/future framework and its implications; ii) contagion from global growth slowdown and weakness in the industrial sector (disruptions to semi-cons, autos, energy sectors; Boeing); and iii) changes, if any, to the Fed’s reaction function. We do not see sufficient evidence of a steep slowdown into an outright recession (though recognize the uncertainties) which markets have broadly priced. The scale of policy guidance and aggressively priced rates markets, we believe, will turn out to be an error. Global financial conditions are rapidly easing, pushing up asset valuations on highly uncertain fundamentals with aggressively dovish pricing limiting future policy room to support markets. Instead of seeking to dampen volatility, it would have been better to realign markets to the Fed’s (strategic) reaction function and allow global markets to find its own levels (via two way volatility).
Tactically, we think that duration is rich and see US5T and US10T closer to 2.30-2.60% into 1H20 (+10-15bps in breakevens; +30-40bps in TP), expecting a bear steepening; preferring rolling the 3 month. Duration-adjusted, prefer front/backend to 2-7 years.
With a backdrop of accommodative policy and our view of generally anchored inflation and resilient growth over coming quarters, we believe that risk/carry will remain supported into 2H19, within the current context (using more binary rather than probabilistic analytical lenses; prolonged clarity over the opportunity cost of risk-free asset amid broadly stable growth/inflation).
SandPointe
Investment Perspective
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Roger E. Brinner, PhD
Chief Market Strategist and Co-founding Partner
September 2014
Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central AsiaIMF
The May 2010 Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia reports on the implications for the region of global economic developments and presents key policy challenges and recommendations. A resumption of capital inflows and the rebound in crude oil prices have aided the recovery in the oil-exporting countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The group of oil-importing countries is expected to show marginal increase in growth in response to a pickup in trade, investment, and bank credit. A key challenge for these countries is to enhance competitiveness to raise growth rates and generate employment. In the Caucasus and Central Asia, exports have begun to pick up, the decline in remittances appears to be slowing or reversing, and capital inflows have turned positive. For 2010, a recovery across the region is projected as the global economy, and in particular Russia, picks up speed. Overall, prospects for the region are improving and the regional impact of the Dubai crisis and events in Greece has been limited so far. Nevertheless, a repricing of sovereign debt cannot be excluded, adding a degree of uncertainty to the outlook.
Ivo Pezzuto - "FED BITES THE BULLET - Implements First Rate Hike in Nearly a ...Dr. Ivo Pezzuto
The US Federal Reserve finally bites the bullet, increasing the
FFR – a key short-term interest rate – by quarter of a per cent.
With this, the regulator has clearly signaled that it might take
similar actions in future, if need arises, to take the economy
towards full recovery.
Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central AsiaIMF
The May 2010 Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia reports on the implications for the region of global economic developments and presents key policy challenges and recommendations. A resumption of capital inflows and the rebound in crude oil prices have aided the recovery in the oil-exporting countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The group of oil-importing countries is expected to show marginal increase in growth in response to a pickup in trade, investment, and bank credit. A key challenge for these countries is to enhance competitiveness to raise growth rates and generate employment. In the Caucasus and Central Asia, exports have begun to pick up, the decline in remittances appears to be slowing or reversing, and capital inflows have turned positive. For 2010, a recovery across the region is projected as the global economy, and in particular Russia, picks up speed. Overall, prospects for the region are improving and the regional impact of the Dubai crisis and events in Greece has been limited so far. Nevertheless, a repricing of sovereign debt cannot be excluded, adding a degree of uncertainty to the outlook.
Ivo Pezzuto - "FED BITES THE BULLET - Implements First Rate Hike in Nearly a ...Dr. Ivo Pezzuto
The US Federal Reserve finally bites the bullet, increasing the
FFR – a key short-term interest rate – by quarter of a per cent.
With this, the regulator has clearly signaled that it might take
similar actions in future, if need arises, to take the economy
towards full recovery.
Both domestic consumption (higher debt service and cost of living, slower pace of asset price appreciation, low real income gains) and capital expenditure (higher debt service, elevated current spending vis-à-vis GDP, weakening domestic demand, external uncertainties) is expected to ease off, with the fiscal impulse peaking, financial conditions tightening, and negative impact of prior dollar strength. This should taper labour market gains and keep inflation pressures benign. The extent of slowdown will be dependent upon the resiliency of private sector balance sheet and the subsequent impact on demand. It is imperative that the Fed stays ahead in managing overall debt servicing costs (short-run implications on demand; longer-run may short-circuit the feedback from demand to capital spending and future productivity), and limit the negative impact of policy on overall growth.
We like rates structurally, both on adequate valuations and as a hedge for risk assets, taking the under on the (largely) priced base case of a smooth 3 year (2018-2020) rate hiking cycle.
Trekking markets & more with InvestrekkInves Trekk
The report presents a summary of the Indian market activity during the week ended 27 June 2021. It also provides some important insights about the global market trends and Indian Market outlook for the Week beginning 28 June 2021.
Our framework indicates remaining cautious while applying an accrual & active duration strategy makes the most sense in the current market scenario. To know more, read this month’s Debt Valuations Perspective.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Yellen's Speech
We spent all week waiting anxiously to see what Our Glorious Leader would say only to get a confused mash-up of central bank water-cooler conversation.
If you want to know what she really said - and, more importantly, didn't say - you might like to read this translation.
What recent and past actions have Canada and the US taken to counter.pdfmeejuhaszjasmynspe52
What recent and past actions have Canada and the US taken to counteract their exchange rates
with the economy in such distress over the past 10 years?
Solution
Since 2007, the world has experienced a period of severe financial stress, not seen since the time
of the Great Depression. This crisis started with the collapse of the subprime residential
mortgage market in the United States and spread to the rest of the world through exposure to
U.S. real estate assets, often in the form of complex financial derivatives, and a collapse in global
trade. Many countries were significantly affected by these adverse shocks, causing systemic
banking crises in a number of countries, despite extraordinary policy interventions. Systemic
banking crises are disruptive events not only to financial systems but to the economy as a whole.
Such crises are not specific to the recent past or specific countries – almost no country has
avoided the experience and some have had multiple banking crises. While the banking crises of
the past have differed in terms of underlying causes, triggers, and economic impact, they share
many commonalities. Banking crises are often preceded by prolonged periods of high credit
growth and are often associated with large imbalances in the balance sheets of the private sector,
such as maturity mismatches or exchange rate risk, that ultimately translate into credit risk for
the banking sector.
Crisis management starts with the containment of liquidity pressures through liquidity support,
guarantees on bank liabilities, deposit freezes, or bank holidays. This containment phase is
followed by a resolution phase during which typically a broad range of measures (such as capital
injections, asset purchases, and guarantees) are taken to restructure banks and reignite economic
growth. It is intrinsically difficult to compare the success of crisis resolution policies given
differences across countries and time in the size of the initial shock to the financial system, the
size of the financial system, the quality of institutions, and the intensity and scope of policy
interventions. With this caveat we now compare policy responses during the recent crisis episode
with those of the past. The policy responses during the 2007-2009 crises episodes were broadly
similar to those used in the past. First, liquidity pressures were contained through liquidity
support and guarantees on bank liabilities. Like the crises of the past, during which bank
holidays and deposit freezes have rarely been used as containment policies, we have no records
of the use of bank holidays during the recent wave of crises, while a deposit freeze was used only
in the case of Latvia for deposits in Parex Bank. On the resolution side, a wide array of
instruments was used this time, including asset purchases, asset guarantees, and equity injections.
All these measures have been used in the past, but this time around they seem to have been put in
place quicker (for detailed informatio.
MTBiz is for you if you are looking for contemporary information on business, economy and especially on banking industry of Bangladesh. You would also find periodical information on Global Economy and Commodity Markets.
Annual Equity Outlook 2022 | ICICI Prudential Mutual Fundiciciprumf
The current market scenario reminisces one of Shifting Sands wherein volatility may prevail due to dynamically changing macros. This warrants the need for active management. Hence, we recommend schemes that have flexibility to invest across different asset classes, Marketcap & Themes
In CBO’s projections, economic output is expected to grow by 2.3 percent in 2019, supporting strong labor market conditions that feature low unemployment and rising wages. After 2019, economic growth averages 1.8 percent per year, which is less than the historical average.
CBO estimates that the federal budget deficit for 2019 will be $960 billion. Under current law, budget deficits are projected to average $1.2 trillion a year between 2020 and 2029, boosting debt held by the public to 95 percent of GDP in that year—its highest level since just after World War II.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...
201909 FOMC
1. FOMC statement. Highlights (1)
FFR: -25bps to 1.75-2.00%. Majority decision (7-3; J.Bullard dissented in favour of a 50bps cut to 1.50-1.75%; E.George and E.Rosengren
dissented in favour of maintaining the FFR at 2.00-2.25). Overnight reverse repo: -30bps to 1.70%. IOER: -30bps to 1.80%. Primary Credit rate
(Discount Window): -25bps to 2.50%.
Confirmation of strength in household spending, investment and, now exports, have “weakened”. Economic activity has been rising at a
“moderate rate” while household spending rose at a “strong pace” (“has picked up”) though business fixed investment and exports have weakened (from
“has been soft”). The labour market remains “strong”; job gains “have been solid” and the unemployment rate remained “low”.
Both headline and core inflation are “running below 2%”. Market-based measures of inflation compensation remain “low” while survey-based
measures of longer-term inflation expectations are “little changed” (actually weakened in recent months).
Dual mandate; NAIRU seemingly not a policy anchor, (dis)inflationary expectations a larger worry. The Committee expect the job market to
remain strong and had expected some slowing from its strong pace. The Chair reiterated the “importance” of sustaining the expansion so as to provide
more opportunities for those deemed to be left behind. Inflation is expected to rise to 2% though pressures “clearly remain muted and the Committee
remain “mindful” that continued below-target inflation could lead to downward slide in longer-term inflation expectations with longer-term inflation
expectations at the lower end of its historical ranges.
Rate cut(s) reflects implications of global developments for the economic outlook and muted inflation pressures. The reason for further
accommodation was unchanged from July. The most likely outcomes are of a sustained expansion, strong labour market conditions, and inflation near
the symmetric 2% objective, though “uncertainties” about the outlook remain.
Lower interest rates is taken to help keep the US economy strong in the face of “notable developments” and to provide “insurance” against on-going risks
– elevated uncertainties, slower global growth, geopolitical risks, trade policy developments, and continued softness in business fixed investment. The
Chair (and Committee) highlighted the positive and favourable outlook which should be achieved via modest policy adjustments. Nonetheless, the
Committee is prepared to be aggressive if it is deemed “appropriate” to do so.
Monetary policy efficacy remains effective, according to the Chair, working through lower interest burden, stimulating interest-sensitive sectors, more
accommodative financial conditions and higher confidence. With regards to monetary policy at the zero lower bound, the Chair highlighted that Forward
guidance and asset purchases are still preferred to negative interest rates.
Private sector leverage not highly worrisome. The Chair purported that households’ finances remain in good shape. While corporate leverage are
high in certain pockets, he deemed it more as an amplifier of shocks rather than being 1st order driver of shocks.
2. FOMC statement. Highlights (2)
Committee will act as “appropriate” in line with its dual mandate. Still no views provided on balance of risks. The Committee will continue to
monitor incoming information (global growth, trade policy, geo-politics) and will act as “appropriate” to sustain the expansion, with a strong labour market
and inflation near its objective.
Guidance on data dependency unchanged. In determining the timing and size of adjustments to the FFR, realized and expected economic conditions
will be assessed relative to the i) maximum employment objective and ii) symmetric 2% inflation target. The Committee will take into account a wide
range of information including labour market conditions, inflation pressures and expectations, and financial and international developments.
Money market funding pressures deem mostly technical, reflecting corporate tax payments and Treasury securities settlement. Funding pressures
are deemed to have no implications for the economy or the stance of monetary policy (not true per se; funding pressures can force unwinding of levered
positions/losses due to asset spread compression which in turn tighten financial conditions). The Fed has conducted o/n repo operations and made
technical adjustments to both the IOER and o/n repo facility to foster trading in the FFs market at rates within the target range. Over time, monetary
policy will be conducted in an ample reserves regime and a sufficient supply of reserves will be provided to limit the amount of OMOs.
Chair stated an earlier resumption of the Fed’s balance sheet growth (“organic”) will be discussed during the inter-meeting period and in the Oct meeting.
Centre holds; Committee likely split on the tails. All the governors and the FRBNY (permanent voting member) voted as a bloc, in line with the Chair.
¾ of the rotating regional presidents (outside of Chicago’s C.Evans,) dissented, with 2 neutral (to hold) and 1 dovish (larger cut) dissents, likely reflecting
an array of views within the broader Committee (5 members preferred to hold; 7 members prefer another -25bps by end 2019).
Date Previous Latest Change, bps <Median Median >Median
2019 2.375 1.875 -50 7 5 5
2020 2.125 1.875 -25 8 2 7
2021 2.375 2.125 -25 7 4 6
2022 - 2.375 0 8 5 4
Longer-run 2.500 2.500 0 3 8 5
Mean
2019 2.17 1.85 -32
2020 2.21 1.88 -34
2021 2.32 2.07 -25
2022 - 2.27 0
Longer-run 2.70 2.57 -13
3. FOMC statement. Highlights (3)
Economic projections broadly unchanged; changes lean bullish. Median growth rates (2019-2022, longer-run) stood at 2.2% (+10bps), 2.0%, 1.9%
(+10bps), 1.8% and 1.9% respectively. Unemployment is estimated at 3.7% (+10bps), 3.7%. 3.8%, 3.9% and 4.2% (NAIRU), below NAIRU through
2019-2022. While headline inflation forecasts were 1.5%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.0% and 2.0%; core forecasts were 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0% and 2.0%. Forecasts
ranges mostly shifted bullishly (rightward shifts in tails) despite the statement highlighting uncertainties surrounding the outlook.
Slight dovish shift to Fed path; unchanged neutral (2.50%). Fed’s median expectations, 2019 = 1.875% (unchanged from spot), dovish tilt – 7/17
expects cuts, 7x: 1.50-1.75%; 2020 = 1.875% (-25bps from Jun; unchanged from spot); 2021 = 2.125% (-25bps from Jun; +25bps from spot); 2022 =
2.375% (+50bps from spot); and longer run = 2.50%. This suggests 0/0/+1/+1 from 2019-2022, following by another +0.125% to neutral. The Committee
broadly skew dovish, with more members leaning dovish (<Median) than hawkish (>Median). Monetary policy will be loose (below neutral) throughout
2019-2022. Neutral range from 2.00-3.25% (2.25-3.25%).
Fed’s average expectations, 2019 = 1.85% (-32bps); 2020 = 1.88% (-34bps); 2021 = 2.07% (-25bps); 2022 = 2.27%; and longer run = 2.57% (-13bps).
4. Thoughts (1)
At least another rate cut ahead. We deem the chances of a further rate cut in 4Q19 highly likely, with the makeup of the Committee leaning dovish – 7
members expecting further cut while 5 members on hold (rate hikes in 2019 is close to impossible). The focus, as purported by the Chair, will be on the
trajectory of the US economy and its outlook, and the implications of global growth, trade policy, and geo-politics on the US outlook, especially the
domestic manufacturing and capital goods sector. The context of a lower (uncertain) perceived neutral and NAIRU, coupled with the willingness to run a
tight labour market, and to see an upturn in inflation (and expectations) provides cover for future accommodation, if needed.
Lower for longer; constructive ambiguity. Chair Powell took pains to paint an image of constructive ambiguity, repeatedly highlighting that the
Committee is focused on pursuing policy that is “appropriate” in achieving its dual mandate. The current policy stance is deemed appropriate with current
projections achievable via modest policy adjustments (likely -75bps of cuts). Nonetheless, if the economy turns down, “a more extensive sequence of
rate cuts is appropriate”. As we argued prior, “it is better to guide for looser policy in an open-ended manner (flattening backwardation of rate cut
expectations) rather than encourage front-loading of rate cut expectations”. We think that the Chair has achieved such an outcome, together with
“guidance” for an extended pause at a minimum; the best mix of policy, considering circumstances.
Chances of rate increases? Low. The hurdle to raise rates rises tremendously into a presidential election year, considering the communication
nightmare (bad visuals especially considering an abrasive presidency).
Positive set-up for risk. Policy is skewed dovish, with more cuts, if required, or an extended pause, otherwise. This set-up potentially a favourable
environment to foster growth (cushion debt service burdens and financial conditions), should uncertainties come to pass, allowing the economy to digest
uncertainties in a benign monetary environment. Globally, a Fed that is dovishly skewed/on an extended pause will provide more policy space for both
fiscal/monetary authorities to enact accommodative policies (many have already done so, especially in EM).
Key debates will revolve around i) global economic growth outlook – stabilisation in China/Europe, pick up in trade-exposed economies and EM, trade
negotiations; ii) global fiscal/monetary policies; iii) spill-overs from global growth and subdued goods and investment demand (disruptions to semi-cons,
autos, energy sectors; Boeing) to the broader economy, especially services, and employment (probability of US recession); iv) trajectory of inflation; and
v) impact of a strong USD.
5. Thoughts (2)
Markets continue to price dovishly, expecting the FFR at 1.25% (from 1.75-2.00% currently) by end 2020 and an extended hold to 2022. Marking to
the Fed suggests the risk-neutral fair value of the US5T and US10T at 2.05% and 2.27%, with spot 5T at 1.65% fair vis-à-vis the breakeven at 2.04% but
spot 10T at 1.77% dearer than its break-even at 1.98%. Our internal models (based on nominal GDP, PMI, cross-asset) points to US5T and US10T FV
around 1.30-2.22% and 2.02-2.28%. Our 10y2y yield curve model at 67bps suggests a curve that is too flat at 2bps.
We deem duration rich. Tactically, we think that duration is rich and see US5T and US10T closer to 2.00% and 2.30% into 1H20 (+10-15bps in break-
evens; +50bps in TP), expecting a bear steepening; prefer 0-5yr.
Bigger moves in rates require either a i) recession scenario (flattener), or ii) repricing of a rate hiking cycle (steepener), contingent on a reset of the global
economic cycle (global policies extending (resetting) the current cycle).
Supportive for risk assets. With a backdrop of continued accommodative policy and our view of generally anchored inflation and resilient growth over
coming quarters, we believe the set-up for broader asset markets remain positive into 2H19, within the current context (using more binary rather than
probabilistic analytical lenses; prolonged clarity over the opportunity cost of risk-free asset amid broadly stable growth/inflation). Global rates markets and
ex-US risk markets, we believe, are under-positioned for positive outcomes.
1.625 1.625
2.125
2.375
2.500
1.84
1.24 1.25 1.26
1.57
1.96
1.37
1.27 1.27 1.31
1.75
1.27 1.21
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
2019 2020 2021 2022 Longer-run
% FOMC, Sep 2019 OIS 1-Mth SOFR FFF
Year Fed Path Current
Fed Path,
Risk Neutral
Breakeven
Chng, bps
2018 1.625 5y 1.65 2.05 39
2019 1.625 10y 1.77 2.27 21
2020 2.125 data as of 19th Sep
2021 2.375 FOMC Sep 2019
2022 2.500
2023 2.500
2024 2.500
2025 2.500
2026 2.500
2027 2.500
-38
-52-5
-5
-40
-31-82
-88
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
5Y 10Y
2019, bps chng TP Breakevens Implied Real Rate Nominal
19. Global, Appendix
The Fed does not target the exchange rate. As such, the USD is tangential to policy-making outside of impact on growth/inflation and markets. Globally,
interest rates are continuing to fall as central banks turn net easing with short-term yields declining rapidly. 5y5y real rates have seemingly bottomed on
the accelerated response by central banks, though remain at depressed levels. The stock of negative yielding bonds have fallen, on the margin, at
elevated levels. It remains to be seen whether coordinated global easing is able to cushion growth from heightened global uncertainties. We do not see a
global recession occurring.
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18 Jan-19 Jul-19
42 Central Banks Hikes Cuts Net
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
Jan-03 Jan-05 Jan-07 Jan-09 Jan-11 Jan-13 Jan-15 Jan-17 Jan-19
G24, % Global ST Yields
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
Jan-15 Jul-15 Jan-16 Jul-16 Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18 Jan-19 Jul-19
5y5y Real Rates, % US EUR JPY
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
Jan-14 Jan-15 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19
US$ Bil Global Agg -ve Yielding Debt MV