Under the amended Heavy Vehicle National Law, all parties in the transport supply chain will have a primary duty to ensure safety. This includes eliminating risks and preventing breaches of transport laws. Authorities will have increased powers to investigate compliance with primary duties across the entire supply chain. Penalties for breaches of primary duties will be similar to workplace health and safety laws, with maximum fines of $3 million for corporations. The National Heavy Vehicle Regulator is developing guidance materials to help parties implement risk management practices and understand their chain of responsibility obligations.