This document summarizes research analyzing the connectivity graphs of Internet exchange points (IXPs) in Brazil. The researchers used Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) data from IXP looking glasses to build adjacency matrices and analyze the peering relationships between autonomous systems (ASes) at each IXP. Their analysis found that access providers dominate the IXPs, there are differences between IXPs in major cities versus others, content providers are few but contribute heavy traffic, and most peering is open rather than paid. Their work provides new public data on the structure of Brazil's national internet infrastructure.

1. Dissecting the Largest National Ecosystem of
Public Internet eXchange Points (IXP) in Brazil
Department of Computer Engineering and Industrial Automation (DCA)
Shcool of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC)
University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Department of Computer Engineering and Industrial Automation (DCA)
Shcool of Electrical and Computer Engineering (FEEC)
University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Samuel Henrique Bucke Brito, Mateus Augusto Silva Santos,
Ramon dos Reis Fontes, Danny Alex Lachos Perez,
Prof. Christian Esteve Rothenberg (Advisor)
Raphael Rosa (Speaker)

2. 
Introduction and Background
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Methodology
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Analysis and Results

Conclusion
Agenda02

3. Title:/home/shbbrito/Desktop/IMC'15/fi
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A neutral-carrier infrastructure
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Host the interconnection of many ASes
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Provides a layer-2 switch fabric for its members
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Allow bilateral agreements through direct connections
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Allow multilateral agreements through route-servers
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Improve the Internet performance in its location
What Are IXPs?03

4. Why IXPs?
figures extracted from Brazil's National Internet Registry (NIC.br) Course for Autonomous Systems
X
directly between ASes (without an IXP) by means of an IXP
04

5. Why IXPs?
The connection of many ASes through IXPs improve the Internet
performance by minimizing the number of networks to traverse to
reach a destination (diameter).
05
figures extracted from Brazil's National Internet Registry (NIC.br) Course for Autonomous Systems

6. IX.br in Brazil
figure extracted from http://ix.br
06

7. IX.br x World07
IXP Country Members Maximum Throughput (Gbps) Average Throughput (Gbps)
Daily Montly Yearly Daily Montly Yearly
(01) DE-CIX Germany 600+ 3,603.10 3,854.80 3,875.10 2,375.90 2,299.20 1,964.90
(02) AMS-IX Netherlands 731 3,620.00 - 3,872.00 2,358.00 - 2,013.00
(03) LINX United Kingdom 630 2,472.00 2,530.00 2,575.00 1,844.00 1,631.00 1,507.00
(04) MSK-IX Russia 384 1,409.26 1,417.01 1,569.64 924.73 788.26 778.82
(05) NL-ix Netherlands 527 1,080.00 - - 871.56 - -
(06) IX.br Brazil 715 989.90 1,070.00 653.51 656.67 610.85 451.27
(07) HKIX Hong Kong 225 436.43 468.12 485.18 305.02 302.84 245.51
(08) SIX USA, Canada 200 398.68 411.22 411.22 304.89 288.53 239.61
(09) JPIX Japan 138 315.54 - - 200.00 - -
(10) JINX South Africa 24 15.90 20.80 11.10 8.60 8.30 6.00
(01) http://www.de-cix.net/about/statistics
(03) https://www.linx.net/pubtools/trafficstats.html
(05) https://www.nl-ix.net/network/traffic/
(07) http://www.hkix.net/hkix/stat/aggt/hkix-aggregate.html
(09) http://www.jpix.ad.jp/en/technical/traffic.html
(02) https://ams-ix.net/technical/statistics
(04) http://www.msk-ix.ru/network/traffic.html
(06) http://ix.br/cgi-bin/all
(08) http://www.seattleix.net/agg.htm
(10) http://stats.jinx.net.za/showtotal.php
Table 1. Traffic of some of the world's largest public IXPs (August 28, 2015).

8. Curiosity
figure extracted from https://labs.ripe.net/Members/emileaben/internet-traffic-during-the-world-cup-2014
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Traffic at the PTT.BR IXP in Sao Paolo, Brazil on 28 June 2014 (and the weeks before)
“We can only imagine the relief and partying by Brazilians that this dip in traffic represents.”

9. 
Analysis of IXPs in Brazil
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AS-level connectivity graphs
Research09

10. 
Introduction and Background
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Methodology
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Analysis and Results
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Conclusion
Agenda0
10

11. 
1st
source of information:
- IX.br Official Data at http://ix.br
- PeeringDB (we found it was unreliable)
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2nd
(and most important) source of information:
- Telnet Access to IXP's Looking Glasses
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= BGP Table (IPv4 and IPv6), Paths Summary, Communities List
Data Sources0
11

12. Workflow12

13. We used the following tools to build the
connectivity graphs of each Brazilian IXP,
providing the adjacency matrix as input:
1) NetworkX ::: https://networkx.github.io
2) Neo4j ::: http://neo4j.com
AS-level Graphs13

14. AS-level Graphs14

15. 
Introduction and Background
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Methodology
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Analysis and Results
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Conclusion
Agenda15

16. Profile of IXP's Members16

17. Some Analysis17
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Access providers dominate
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In the capital things are different
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Few but heavy content providers
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Low presence of private companies
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Majority incentives lead to predominance of
open peering
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Low AS presence at multiple IXPs

18. Peering Density18
Peering density at IX.br (Brazil) and European more mature IXPs

19. Peering Matrices19
Title:output.eps
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Title:output.eps
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CreationDate:Wed Apr 22 21:37:37 2015
IXP-MG IXP-RS

20. We generated a peering matrix for every IXP to find
the density of peering and propose a cross-AS-type
metric.
Peering Affinity (PA)20
Peering Affinity Expressions

21. Title:heatmap.eps
Creator:gnuplot 4.4 patchlevel 3
CreationDate:Wed Apr 29 15:35:27 2015
We generated a peering matrix for every IXP to find
the density of peering and propose a cross-AS-type
metric.
Peering Affinity (PA)21
Peering Affinity Between All Classes of ASs in All IXPs in Brazil

22. Vertices' Degree
Distribution of Graphs' Degrees
Average Degree of Graphs by ASN
a) IXP-DF b) IXP-MG c) IXP-RS
22

23. Depth / Diameter
Title:Distribução_Profundidade_v2.ep
Creator:gnuplot 4.6 patchlevel 4
CreationDate:Tue Nov 25 09:53:47 2014
Title:profundidade_x_CDF_resumo.eps
Creator:gnuplot 4.6 patchlevel 4
CreationDate:Tue Nov 25 10:03:29 2014
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PTT-SP is “out of the curve” because
it was affected by filters!
a) Isolated Depth b) Cumulated Depth

24. AS-Prepend24
Statistics on AS-prepend viewed through IXPs

25. 
Introduction and Background

Methodology

Analysis and Results

Conclusion
Agenda25

26. Main Contributions
→ new knowledge on interdomain connectivity in Brazil
→ peering affinity
→ new public datasets
Future Work
→ collect new datasets for a temporal analysis of IX.br evolution
→ enhance our study of communities to infer new results
→ new tools to support for data mining and machine learning
Conclusion26

27. Thanks! Obrigado!
http://www.github.com/intrig-unicamp/ixp-ptt-br
shbbrito@dca.fee.unicamp.br
27