ثانوية خمس نجوم | هدفنا مساعدة الطلاب adelmahmod86.blogspot.com/ كل معادلات وتحويلات الكيمياء العضوية للثانوية العامة 2016 كل معادلات وتحويلات الكيمياء العضوية للثانوية العامة 2016

1. ١
‫ت‬
١-‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ز‬٢-
٣-‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اق‬ ‫ا‬٤-‫و‬
٥-‫م‬ ‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ه‬ ‫أ‬٦-‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
٧-‫رو‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬٨-‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬
٩-‫ى‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬١٠-‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
١١-‫ا‬ ‫ل‬١٢-‫ا‬ ‫ى‬
١٣-‫دى‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬١٤-‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
١٥-‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬١٦-‫أو‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
١٧-‫وا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬١٨-‫ن‬ ‫أ‬٢-‫ن‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬
١٩-‫آ‬‫ز‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬٢٠-‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
٢١-‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٢٢-‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ن‬
٢٣-١،١-‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
٢٤-٢،١‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
٢٥-‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬
٢٦-‫روآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬‫روآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
٢٧-‫دى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬
٢٨-‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫رو‬ ‫آ‬
٢٩-‫رو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ارى‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٣٠-‫ا‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬٢-،١-‫و‬
٣١-‫ا‬ ‫رو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬ ‫را‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
٣٢-‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دى‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ه‬
٣٣-‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ق‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬
٣٤-‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وات‬ ‫ن‬ ‫أ‬
٣٥-‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رو‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
٣٦-‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫رو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫أر‬
٣٧-‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬
٣٨-‫وا‬ ‫ا‬‫ل‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
٣٩-‫م‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أآ‬
٤٠-‫وا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٤١-‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٤٢-‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫وا‬ ‫م‬ ‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ار‬ ‫ا‬
‫ار‬
‫و‬:-‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫أر‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
٢
٤٣-‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫دة‬‫ول‬٤٤-‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬
٤٥-‫ا‬٤٦-‫ا‬ ‫آ‬
٤٧-‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬٢-،٢-٤٨-‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٤٩-‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫وات‬
٥٠-‫أ‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
٥١-‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ ‫أ‬
٥٢-‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٥٣-‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬
٥٤-‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫أآ‬
٥٥-‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫وأآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫رة‬ ‫ا‬
٥٦-‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬‫ا‬
٥٧-‫ا‬ ‫ات‬ ‫درى‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
C6H5COOCH2CH3 & CH3CH2COOC6H5
٥٨-‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
٥٩-‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬٢-‫ل‬ ‫و‬
٦٠-‫آ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬
٦١-‫ا‬‫زة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ن‬ ‫وآ‬
٦٢-‫ر‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ا‬725o
C
٦٣-‫ة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
٦٤-‫دى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وات‬
٦٥-‫ا‬ ‫وات‬ ‫وات‬
‫و‬:-
‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ذة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫أر‬

2. ٣
١-‫د‬)١(‫د‬)٦(
٢-n( CH2 = CH2 ) → ( - CH2 - CH2 )
٣-CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + E
٤-‫د‬)٥٦()٢٠()٢٦(
٥-CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2‫د‬)١٧(
٦-‫د‬)٧(‫د‬)١٠(
٧-C2H5HSO4 C2H4 + H2SO4‫د‬)١٠(
٨-‫د‬)٥(
٩-NH4CNO NH2 - CO - NH4
١٠-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٥١()٥٥()١(
١١-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢١()٢٦(
١٢-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)١٩()٢٤(
١٣-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٢()٢٣(
١٤-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢١()٢٥) (‫د‬٢٥‫ه‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫وم‬(
١٥-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٣٤()٤٣(
١٦-C3H7OH C3H6 + H2O‫د‬)٣٢(
١٧-‫ت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)٢٥()٣٧(
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬)٢١(
١٨-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٣٥()٤٢(
١٩-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٣٠()٤٠(
٢٠-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)١٣(‫د‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ا‬)٤١(
٢١-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٥١()٨٥()٤٣(
٢٢-C2H5ONa + H2O → C2H5OH + NaOH
‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٥٠()٥٥()١(
٢٣-‫د‬)١٨(‫ا‬ ‫وم‬ ‫و‬‫د‬
٢٤-‫د‬)٧(C2H4 + Br2 → CH2Br - CH2Br
‫ـــــــــ‬ ‫ا‬
180o
c
heat
H2SO4 (conc)
170o
– 180o
C
٤
٢٥-‫د‬)٥١(
٢٦-‫د‬)٧(‫د‬)٨(‫أو‬)٩(
٢٧-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٢()٢٧(
٢٨-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)١٩()٢٨()٧٢(
٢٩-C2H5HSO4 + H2O C2H5OH + H2SO4
2C2H5HSO4 + H2O C2H5 - O - C2H5 + 2H2SO4
C2H5HSO4 C2H4 + H2SO4
٣٠-CH2 = C - CH3 + HBr → CH3 - C - CH3
٣١-‫و‬ ‫رو‬ ‫آ‬ ‫را‬ ‫و‬ ‫أر‬–‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٥()٧١(
‫آ‬‫و‬ ‫رو‬–‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٨()٧٢(
٣٢-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٢()٢٨(
٣٣-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢١()٢٥(
٣٤-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٠()٢٣(
٣٥-CH2 = CH - CH3 + HBr → CH3 - CH - CH3
٣٦-‫ت‬ ‫د‬٥٢٥٤٢٠٢٥٧١
٣٧-‫ت‬ ‫د‬:-٣١٤١
٣٨-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٤٥(‫و‬)٤٨(
٣٩-‫د‬)٤٢(‫ل‬ ‫و‬K2Cr2O7‫ـ‬ ‫ا‬KMnO4
٤٠-‫د‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬)٣١(
‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬)٧(
180o
C
140o
C
110o
C
CH3 CH3
Br
Br

3. ٥
٤١-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٤١()٣٩(
٤٢-CaC2 + 2H2O → C2H2 + Ca(OH)2‫د‬)١٩(
٤٣-‫د‬)٤٥(
٤٤-‫ت‬ ‫د‬:-)٣٤) (‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫د‬(‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٤١()٣٩(
٤٥-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)١٩()٢٥()٣٧()٤٨(
٤٦-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٥()٣٧(‫ع‬ ‫زه‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬
)‫ل‬+‫ه‬ ‫ر‬←‫آ‬(
٤٧–‫د‬)٣٣(
٤٨-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٦()٥٢()٦٠()٦٧(
٤٩-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٢٠()٢٦(
٥٠-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٥٨()٤٣(
٥١-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٥٠) (٥٩()٦٦(
٥٢-
٥٣-
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
C-Cl + KOH(aq) C- OH + KCl‫ارة‬
‫ل‬ ‫آ‬‫و‬
COOC2H5
‫ا‬ ‫وات‬ ‫ا‬
COOH
+ C2H5OH
HCl
‫ف‬ + H2O
‫و‬
+ C2H5OH
COOC2H5 CONH2
+ NH3
‫ا‬
٦
٥٤-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٥٢()٥٦(
٥٥-‫د‬)٥١(
٥٦-‫ت‬ ‫د‬)٦٩(‫و‬)٧٠(
٥٧-CH3CH2COOC6H5 + H2O HCl ( dil )
CH3CH2COOH + C6H5OH
CH3CH2COOC6H5 + NH3
→
CH3CH2CONH2 + C6H5OH
C6H5COOCH2CH3 + H2O HCl ( dil )
C6H5COOH + CH2CH3OH
C6H5COOCH2CH3 + NH3
→
C6H5CONH2 + CH2CH3OH
٥٨-‫د‬)٦٩(
٥٩-‫د‬)٤٢(
٦٠-‫د‬)٢٩(
٦١-‫د‬)٤(
٦٢-‫د‬)٦(
٦٣-‫د‬)٨(‫د‬ ‫أو‬)٩(
٦٤-‫د‬)٢٠(
٦٥-
+ C2H5OH
COOC2H5 COOH
+ H2O ‫و‬
COOH
+ CH3OH
HCl
‫ف‬ + H2O
COOCH3
‫وات‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬

4. ٧
‫ن‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
CH3COONa + NaOH CaO heat
CH4 + Na2CO3
‫ا‬ ‫اص‬‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ن‬:-
CH4 + Br2
‫ء‬
CH3Br + HBr )‫ل‬ ‫ا‬(
CH4 + Cl2
‫ء‬
C + 4HCl )‫ع‬(
C8H18
‫ى‬ ‫ارى‬
C4H8 + C4H10
CH4
٥١٠٠٠‫م‬
C + 2H2 )‫أ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬(
CH4 + H2O
٥٧٢٥‫م‬~‫ز‬
CO + 3H2
)‫ز‬(
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:-
C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O
‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اص‬:-
C2H4 + H2O + O
C2H4 + H2O2
C2H4 + H2 C2H6 &
C2H4 + HBr C2H5Br
CH3 – CH = CH2 + HCl ‫ف‬ ‫رآ‬
CH3 – CH – CH3
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
‫ا‬ ‫اص‬:-
2C2H2 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2H2O + 2C )(
2C2H2 + 5O2
‫ة‬ ‫و‬
4CO2 + 2H2O + E )‫أ‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬(
C2H2 + I2 C2H2I2 C2H2I4
C2H2 + H2O CH3CHO
C2H2 + HI C2H3I CH3 – CHI2
HgSO4 / 60O
C
H2SO4 40%
H2SO4 (conc)
170o
– 180o
C
‫ت‬ ‫د‬
KMnO4
‫ى‬ ‫و‬
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
CH2OH
Cl
H2SO4 (dil)
٥
١١٠‫م‬
+ I2
‫أ‬
١٥٠~٣٠٠٥
‫م‬
‫ه‬ ‫أ‬
+ HI
‫ا‬
‫ل‬
C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2
١
٢
٣
٤
٥
٦
٧
٨
٩
١٠
١١
١٢
١٣
١٤
١٥
١٦
١٧
١٨
٨
‫ا‬:-
3C2H2 C6H6 )‫ا‬(
+ NaOH + Na2CO3 )‫ا‬(
+ Zn + ZnO )‫ل‬ ‫ا‬(
C6H14 C6H6 + 4H2 )‫ن‬ ‫ا‬(
‫ا‬ ‫اص‬:-
C6H6 + 3H2 C6H12 )‫ن‬ ‫ه‬(
C6H6 + 3Cl2
‫ء‬
C6H6Cl6 )‫ن‬(
+ Cl2 + HCl
+ CH3Cl + HCl }‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ل‬{
+ H2SO4
CONC
+ H2O }‫ا‬{
+ HNO3 + H2O }‫ة‬ ‫ا‬{
2 + 2H2SO4
conc
+ 2H2O
‫ت‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬:-
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Cl
AlCl3
CH3
SO3H
NO2
CH3
CH3
SO3H
CH3
SO3H
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ب‬
FeCl3
H2SO4
Conc
+
‫ا‬ ‫أ‬
‫ار‬ ‫ا‬ ‫در‬
COONa
CaO
‫ارة‬
OH
‫ارة‬
‫أ‬
‫ارة‬
‫أ‬
١٥٠~٣٠٠٥
‫م‬
‫ز‬ ‫ا‬
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬
‫ز‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ز‬ ‫آ‬
‫دى‬ ‫أ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
١٩
٢٠
٢١
٢٢
٢٣
٢٤
٢٥
٢٦
٢٧
٢٨
٢٩
٣٠

5. ٩
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
CH3 – CH = CH2 + H2O CH3 – CH – CH3
CH3 – C = CH – CH + H2O CH3 – C –CH2 – CH3
C2H5Cl + NaOH C2H5OH + NaCl
+ NaOH + NaBr
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬:-
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اص‬:-
2C2H5OH + 2Na → 2C2H5ONa + H2 ( ‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ )
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (‫ة‬ ‫)ا‬
‫روآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬:-
C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br + H2O
CH3
CH3
CHOH
H2SO4 (dil)
٥
١١٠‫م‬
‫ارة‬
CH3
CH3
CHBr ‫ارة‬
H2SO4
١١٠٥
‫م‬
CH3CH3
H2SO4
١١٠٥
‫م‬
OH
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
C-Br + KOH(aq) C- OH + KBr‫ارة‬
‫ل‬ ‫آ‬‫و‬
OH
Cl
+ NaOH
٥
٣٠٠‫م‬
٣٠٠
OH
+ NaCl
H2SO4
conc
ZnCl2
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ات‬ ‫ه‬
‫ا‬
٣١
٣٢
٣٣
٣٤
٣٥
٣٦
٣٧
٣٨
٣٩
٤٠
١٠
OH
+ 2 Na
ONa
+ H2
‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫آ‬/‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬
‫ة‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬:-
C2H5OH + (O) CH3CHO + H2O
CH3CHO + (O) CH3COOH )‫أ‬(
‫ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬:-
‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اص‬:-
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اص‬ ‫ا‬
2 2
OH
+ NaOH
ONa
+ H2O
‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫آ‬/‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬
H2SO4
conc+ 3HNO3
OH
NO2
NO2
NO2
+ 3H2O
OH
٢،٤،٦‫ل‬ ‫و‬
)(
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
CHOH + (O) C = O + H2O
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
‫ن‬ ‫أ‬‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
C2H5OH + C2H5OH C2H5 – O – C2H5 + H2O
H2SO4conc
140 o
C
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬٢‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ئ‬
C2H5OH C2H4 + H2OH2SO4conc
170 o
– 180 o
C
‫ا‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
+ 3HNO3 +
CH2OH
CH OH
CH2OH
3H2O
CH2ONO2
CH O NO2
CH2O NO2
‫ة‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
٤١
٤٢
٤٣
٤٤
٤٥
٤٦
٤٧
٤٨

6. ١١
CH3 COOH
‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ا‬:
‫ا‬
C2H5OH + O CH3CHO + H2O
CH3CHO + (O) CH3COOH
C2H2+H2O CH3CHO
CH3CHO + O CH3COOH
‫و‬ ‫ا‬
2 + 3O2 2 + 2H2O
‫ا‬ ‫اص‬ ‫ا‬
+←+‫ه‬‫رو‬
2CH3COOH + Mg → ( CH3COO )2Mg + H2
K2Cr2O7
H2SO4
HgSO4/ 6OO
C
H2SO4(40%)
V2O5
٥
٤٠٠‫م‬
2 + 2Na → 2 + H2
‫م‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬‫أ‬
COOH COONa
‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫وات‬‫و‬
‫ة‬
‫ا‬
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
+ 3HNO3 + 3H2OH2SO4 conc
50o
C
CH3
CH3
NO2
NO2
NO2
٢،٤،٦‫و‬T. N. T
٤٩
٥٠
٥١
٥٢
٥٣
٥٤
١٢
+‫ة‬←+‫ء‬
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
+ NaOH → + H2O
+‫ت‬ ‫آ‬)‫ت‬(←+‫ء‬+CO2
CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
‫ا‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ا‬:
CH3COOH + 2H2 C2H5OH + H2O
‫ة‬ ‫ا‬:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬:-
‫ا‬:-
‫ات‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اص‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:
CuCrO4
200o
C
COOC2H5
‫ا‬ ‫وات‬ ‫ا‬
COOH
+ C2H5OH
HCl
‫ف‬ + H2O
‫و‬
H2SO4
Conc
CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H2SO4
conc
‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬
COOH
+ C2H5OH
HCl
‫ف‬ + H2O
COOC2H5
‫ا‬ ‫وات‬ ‫ا‬
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH
‫ا‬+‫ء‬+‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
HCl
HCl
COOH COONa
‫م‬ ‫د‬ ‫وات‬‫و‬
٥٥
٥٦
٥٧
٥٨
٥٩
٦٠
٦١
٦٢
٦٣

7. ١٣
‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:
‫درى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬:
‫ن‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬+‫ى‬←+‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa + C2H5OH
+ C2H5OH
COOC2H5 COONa
+ NaOH
‫ا‬+‫در‬←‫ا‬ ‫أ‬+‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
CH3COOC2H5 + NH3 → CH3CONH2 + C2H5OH
+ C2H5OH
COOC2H5 CONH2
+ NH3
‫أ‬
‫ا‬
CH2OH
CH OH
CH2OH
‫ول‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬
‫ده‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ز‬
CH2OCOR1
CH OCOR2
CH2OCOR3
‫ده‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أ‬
R1COOH
R2COOH
R3COOH
+ + 3H2O
O
- C - OH
O
OH - C - + H O – CH2 – CH2 – OH
- H2O
O
- C – O – CH2 – CH2 – OH
O
OH - C -
‫ل‬ ‫آ‬
‫ون‬ ‫اآ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ف‬ ‫أ‬
٦٤
٦٥
٦٦
٦٧
٦٨
٦٩
١٤
‫وخ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ز‬:-
‫ا‬:-
‫رو‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬:-
‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬:-
CO OH
O H
+ H O – CH3 COOCH3
OH
- H2O
COOH
O H + HO – CO – CH3
COOH
O – CO – CH3
- H2O
٦٩
٧٠
Cl
+ 2HNO3
H2SO4
conc
Cl Cl
+ 2H2O
+2
NO2
NO2
NO2
+ Cl2
‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ب‬
Fe + HCl
NO2
Cl
٧١
٧٢