This document outlines the minimum standards and criteria used by the US government to evaluate other countries' efforts to eliminate human trafficking. It includes requirements that countries prohibit and punish trafficking through criminal statutes, investigate and prosecute trafficking offenses, protect victims, and collect and share law enforcement data on investigations and prosecutions with the US. Factors like convictions and significant sentences for traffickers are considered evidence of serious enforcement efforts.
6/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles t zStopTrafficking
The document discusses human trafficking and anti-trafficking efforts in Syria. It notes that Syria implemented an anti-trafficking law but lacks a clear definition of human trafficking. Law enforcement efforts were limited due to unrest and lack of training. The government did not identify or protect any victims during the reporting period. Prevention efforts such as public awareness campaigns were minimal. Recommendations include improving investigations and prosecutions, increasing training, and establishing victim identification and protection procedures.
5/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles n sStopTrafficking
The document provides information on human trafficking in Namibia. It notes that Namibia is a source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims from within Namibia and neighboring countries are subjected to forced labor in agriculture, fishing, and domestic work, and sex trafficking. The government has laws against trafficking but has failed to prosecute or convict any traffickers. It provides some protection services to victims but identification procedures are lacking. While awareness campaigns are conducted, more efforts are needed to address trafficking, including training for law enforcement and prosecution of sex trafficking crimes.
4/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles j mStopTrafficking
The document discusses Italy's efforts to combat human trafficking in 2011. It notes that Italian prosecutors brought 621 trafficking cases to trial in 2010, convicting 174 offenders under anti-trafficking laws. The average prison sentence was 6.5 years. Victim identification and protection efforts continued, with over 700 new victims identified and provided care. However, immigration enforcement policies resulted in some victims not being screened for trafficking. Prevention efforts included a new national action plan and increased penalties for labor exploitation.
2/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles a cStopTrafficking
The document provides information about human trafficking in Country X. It notes that Country X is a transit and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims are men and women from various countries in Asia and Africa who come to Country X voluntarily for work but then face conditions of involuntary servitude, including threats, withheld pay, restricted movement, and abuse. The government was placed on Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show overall progress in prosecuting traffickers and identifying victims, despite making some efforts to address trafficking, such as hosting workshops. Recommendations are provided for how the government can strengthen its anti-trafficking laws and protections for victims.
The document is a letter from Secretary of State Hillary Clinton introducing the 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report. The summary discusses how, 150 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, 27 million people around the world remain enslaved through human trafficking. The report aims to guide global anti-trafficking efforts by analyzing government progress and innovations, and identifying areas needing strengthening. A victim-centered approach focusing on protection and empowerment is key to fulfilling the enduring promise of freedom.
This document outlines the minimum standards and criteria used by the US government to evaluate other countries' efforts to eliminate human trafficking. It includes requirements that countries prohibit and punish trafficking through criminal statutes, investigate and prosecute trafficking crimes, protect victims, and make serious efforts to eliminate trafficking. Factors considered in determining adequate efforts are vigorous law enforcement action against trafficking, protection of victims, and collection of anti-trafficking crime data.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma. Victims may also distrust authorities, lack awareness of resources, and view their exploitation as normal. Additional barriers include frequent movement, being trained to lie, and interacting with untrustworthy interpreters. The document seeks to explain the complex mindsets of victims and barriers to their identification and assistance.
The document discusses human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking in the United States. It notes that the internet has become the primary platform for pimps, traffickers, and johns to buy and sell women and children for sex. Victims are often advertised online through sites like Backpage.com and Craigslist, made to appear as if they are working independently when they are actually being trafficked. One example is provided of a teacher who noticed signs a student was being trafficked and reported the situation after finding advertisements for the student online. The document outlines some of the common means traffickers use to control victims, such as physical abuse, confinement, isolation from family and friends, threats, and financial dependency. It
6/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles t zStopTrafficking
The document discusses human trafficking and anti-trafficking efforts in Syria. It notes that Syria implemented an anti-trafficking law but lacks a clear definition of human trafficking. Law enforcement efforts were limited due to unrest and lack of training. The government did not identify or protect any victims during the reporting period. Prevention efforts such as public awareness campaigns were minimal. Recommendations include improving investigations and prosecutions, increasing training, and establishing victim identification and protection procedures.
5/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles n sStopTrafficking
The document provides information on human trafficking in Namibia. It notes that Namibia is a source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims from within Namibia and neighboring countries are subjected to forced labor in agriculture, fishing, and domestic work, and sex trafficking. The government has laws against trafficking but has failed to prosecute or convict any traffickers. It provides some protection services to victims but identification procedures are lacking. While awareness campaigns are conducted, more efforts are needed to address trafficking, including training for law enforcement and prosecution of sex trafficking crimes.
4/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles j mStopTrafficking
The document discusses Italy's efforts to combat human trafficking in 2011. It notes that Italian prosecutors brought 621 trafficking cases to trial in 2010, convicting 174 offenders under anti-trafficking laws. The average prison sentence was 6.5 years. Victim identification and protection efforts continued, with over 700 new victims identified and provided care. However, immigration enforcement policies resulted in some victims not being screened for trafficking. Prevention efforts included a new national action plan and increased penalties for labor exploitation.
2/7 Trafficking Report 2012 country profiles a cStopTrafficking
The document provides information about human trafficking in Country X. It notes that Country X is a transit and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Victims are men and women from various countries in Asia and Africa who come to Country X voluntarily for work but then face conditions of involuntary servitude, including threats, withheld pay, restricted movement, and abuse. The government was placed on Tier 2 Watch List for failing to show overall progress in prosecuting traffickers and identifying victims, despite making some efforts to address trafficking, such as hosting workshops. Recommendations are provided for how the government can strengthen its anti-trafficking laws and protections for victims.
The document is a letter from Secretary of State Hillary Clinton introducing the 2012 Trafficking in Persons Report. The summary discusses how, 150 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, 27 million people around the world remain enslaved through human trafficking. The report aims to guide global anti-trafficking efforts by analyzing government progress and innovations, and identifying areas needing strengthening. A victim-centered approach focusing on protection and empowerment is key to fulfilling the enduring promise of freedom.
This document outlines the minimum standards and criteria used by the US government to evaluate other countries' efforts to eliminate human trafficking. It includes requirements that countries prohibit and punish trafficking through criminal statutes, investigate and prosecute trafficking crimes, protect victims, and make serious efforts to eliminate trafficking. Factors considered in determining adequate efforts are vigorous law enforcement action against trafficking, protection of victims, and collection of anti-trafficking crime data.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma. Victims may also distrust authorities, lack awareness of resources, and view their exploitation as normal. Additional barriers include frequent movement, being trained to lie, and interacting with untrustworthy interpreters. The document seeks to explain the complex mindsets of victims and barriers to their identification and assistance.
The document discusses human trafficking, particularly sex trafficking in the United States. It notes that the internet has become the primary platform for pimps, traffickers, and johns to buy and sell women and children for sex. Victims are often advertised online through sites like Backpage.com and Craigslist, made to appear as if they are working independently when they are actually being trafficked. One example is provided of a teacher who noticed signs a student was being trafficked and reported the situation after finding advertisements for the student online. The document outlines some of the common means traffickers use to control victims, such as physical abuse, confinement, isolation from family and friends, threats, and financial dependency. It
11/12 indications that somone is being trafficked StopTrafficking
The document lists potential indicators of human trafficking victims. It notes that victims may exhibit signs of not having control over their lives or documents, working or living in poor conditions, showing mental or physical issues from abuse or neglect, or inconsistencies in their story. The indicators are grouped into categories related to work/living conditions, mental/physical health, lack of control, and other signs like tattoos or an inability to clarify where they are staying. Taken individually, each sign may not prove trafficking, and not all victims will show every indicator.
The document provides an overview of Russian driving networks operating in northern New Jersey and New York. These networks recruit Eastern European women, house them, transport them to local strip clubs, and control many aspects of their lives. The networks charge the women high daily fees, use isolation, debt bondage, and threats to exploit the women into situations of human trafficking. Recent convictions have involved networks that forced women to dance up to 10 hours a day while threatening them with violence.
This document summarizes key information about child sex trafficking in the United States. It defines child sex trafficking as inducing a minor under 18 to engage in commercial sex acts. It outlines relevant federal laws and penalties. It provides statistics estimating 100,000 children at risk annually and the average age of entry being 12-14. It describes common forms of child sex trafficking including pimp-controlled prostitution and residential brothels. It also summarizes recent prosecutions and challenges victims face like criminalization, isolation, and lack of social services.
The document discusses escort services as a venue for sex trafficking. Victims, who can include adults or minors, are forced or coerced into providing commercial sex acts arranged by an agency or controller. One example describes a case where a 14 and 16-year old were rescued from an escort service ring operating from a residence in Florida. Escort services commonly advertise online and control tactics used by traffickers include physical abuse, confinement, threats, and debt bondage.
Victims of sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. Traffickers often recruit women from other countries under false promises of legitimate work, but then use threats, violence, and coercion to force them into commercial sex acts at clubs. One case involved a trafficking ring that smuggled women into the country and compelled them through threats to work as dancers. Signs of trafficking include controlling victims' documents and wages, isolating them, and threatening deportation.
The document provides an overview of sex trafficking networks in the United States that target Latina women and children. These networks include Latino residential brothels, escort services, and hostess clubs. Residential brothels operate out of homes and apartments, hosting many male customers per day. Victims, who are often promised other work, are threatened and forced into commercial sex acts. The networks recruit and transport women within the U.S. and from Latin America, exploiting their illegal status and financial vulnerabilities. Federal laws prohibit forced labor and sex trafficking.
Humantraffickingvictims are oftenfoundinstreet prostitution where they are forcedto provide commercial sexual services by a controller or “pimp.” Pimps force adults andminors to sell commercial sex onthe streets by means of physical abuse, threats, lies, manipulation, andfalse promises. Victims are oftenexpectedto earnanightly quota, rangingfrom$500 to $1000 or more, all confiscatedby the pimp. Victims are typically U.S. citizens, includingadults, girls, boys, andtransgender youth.
Residential brothels are locations where victims of human trafficking, typically women and children from Latin America, are forced to have sex with many men each day in order to pay off exaggerated debts to their traffickers. One victim was kept in an apartment and forced to have sex with 25 men in one day for eight to nine months. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion such as physical abuse, debt manipulation and threats to maintain control over victims and cause them to engage in commercial sex acts against their will.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma that prevent identification and hinder escape. Additional barriers include frequent movement of victims, victims being trained to lie, and lack of trust in systems that are intended to help. The document seeks to increase understanding of trafficking victims' mindsets and experiences.
This document provides an overview of sex trafficking at truck stops in the United States. It describes how truck stops' isolated locations and large numbers of male customers make them convenient places for sex trafficking. Two common forms are pimp-controlled trafficking and fake massage businesses. Victims are often recruited through promises of jobs and controlled through debt bondage or threats of violence. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center received reports of 79 potential trafficking cases at truck stops in 2011.
Human trafficking occurs at truck stops in the United States in several forms. Sex trafficking involves pimp-controlled prostitution and fake massage businesses that traffick victims from city to city. Labor trafficking also occurs. Traffickers exploit various vulnerabilities at truck stops like their transient nature and isolate victims from communities. Signs of trafficking include restricted freedom of movement, poor living conditions, and inability to leave jobs.
Domestic sex trafficking involves U.S. citizens who are forced into commercial sex acts within the U.S. Pimps use elements of force, fraud, and coercion to control victims. They establish rules and quotas that victims must follow, inflicting physical and emotional abuse. Pimps make tens or hundreds of thousands annually by trafficking multiple victims. Victims are reluctant to seek help due to threats of violence, debt bondage, and manipulation by pimps. Service providers must build trust with victims and be aware of barriers that prevent victims from self-identifying or escaping.
Thousands of fake massage businesses in the U.S. operate as fronts for sex trafficking. Sex traffickers frequently target vulnerable people and use violence, threats or lies to coerce them into commercial sex acts against their will. Sex trafficking has been found in various venues like residential brothels, hostess clubs, online escort services, strip clubs, and street prostitution. Resources are available through organizations like the Polaris Project and National Human Trafficking Resource Center.
This document provides an overview of fake massage businesses that operate as fronts for sex trafficking in the United States. It describes the typical characteristics of these businesses, including their attempts to appear legitimate through commercial locations, advertising, and business licenses. It also outlines the structures of the trafficking networks that operate them, including recruiters, transporters, and brothel managers. Additionally, it discusses the means traffickers use to control victims, such as debt bondage, document seizure, isolation, and threats of deportation. Lastly, it provides relevant statistics on the prevalence of these businesses and examples of recent law enforcement actions against them.
The document provides information about human trafficking in the United States, including different types of labor and sex trafficking. It discusses how labor traffickers use coercion and violence to force people to work in various industries like agriculture, domestic work, restaurants, and factories. The document defines labor trafficking under U.S. law and provides resources on the topic.
Victims of human trafficking have been found working in peddling and begging rings or on sales crews, where they work long hours soliciting money or selling products. Crew leaders typically confiscate most of the victim's earnings, control transportation and housing, and subject victims to violence, sexual assault, and abandonment. One case involved a young man who joined a sales crew after being promised travel and high wages but was then controlled through isolation, fines, and denial of food. Peddling rings, sales crews, and begging rings may involve human trafficking when employers use force, fraud or coercion to control victims who believe they have no choice but to continue working.
This document discusses labor trafficking that occurs in factory and manufacturing settings in the United States. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited for work but then subjected to forced labor through threats, debt bondage, document theft, and other coercive practices. They may be forced to work long hours for little pay in dangerous conditions. The document provides an example of a woman from Mexico recruited for factory work but then locked in the factory and forced to work 17-18 hours a day. It also discusses vulnerabilities like low profit margins and tiered production systems that allow exploitation.
Cases of human trafficking have been investigated in multiple restaurant industries across several US states. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited with promises of work but then forced into long hours for little or no pay under threats of deportation. One case involved Polish immigrants working 12-14 hours a day with no time off under constant surveillance at a Chinese restaurant. The document outlines how trafficking can occur through force, fraud or coercion and notes vulnerabilities such as low wages, lack of protections, and immigration status that traffickers exploit.
4/4 slave labor in strip clubs (can be non sexual)StopTrafficking
Victims of both sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. In situations of sex trafficking, victims are forced to provide commercial sex to club patrons, while in labor trafficking victims are forced to dance, serve as hostesses, or sell drinks and food. Victims have little control over their schedule, money, and movement. One victim from Ukraine reported being forced to work 12 hour days, hand over $3,000-$4,000 per week, and was beaten if she did not comply.
A 19-year-old Filipino woman was recruited in 1985 to work as a domestic worker for a couple in Milwaukee, WI. For 19 years, she was forced to work long hours with no pay, isolated in their home, forbidden from leaving, and threatened with arrest and deportation if discovered. Traffickers often exploit foreign domestic workers who are unfamiliar with U.S. laws and isolate them using physical, verbal, or sexual abuse to exert control.
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
11/12 indications that somone is being trafficked StopTrafficking
The document lists potential indicators of human trafficking victims. It notes that victims may exhibit signs of not having control over their lives or documents, working or living in poor conditions, showing mental or physical issues from abuse or neglect, or inconsistencies in their story. The indicators are grouped into categories related to work/living conditions, mental/physical health, lack of control, and other signs like tattoos or an inability to clarify where they are staying. Taken individually, each sign may not prove trafficking, and not all victims will show every indicator.
The document provides an overview of Russian driving networks operating in northern New Jersey and New York. These networks recruit Eastern European women, house them, transport them to local strip clubs, and control many aspects of their lives. The networks charge the women high daily fees, use isolation, debt bondage, and threats to exploit the women into situations of human trafficking. Recent convictions have involved networks that forced women to dance up to 10 hours a day while threatening them with violence.
This document summarizes key information about child sex trafficking in the United States. It defines child sex trafficking as inducing a minor under 18 to engage in commercial sex acts. It outlines relevant federal laws and penalties. It provides statistics estimating 100,000 children at risk annually and the average age of entry being 12-14. It describes common forms of child sex trafficking including pimp-controlled prostitution and residential brothels. It also summarizes recent prosecutions and challenges victims face like criminalization, isolation, and lack of social services.
The document discusses escort services as a venue for sex trafficking. Victims, who can include adults or minors, are forced or coerced into providing commercial sex acts arranged by an agency or controller. One example describes a case where a 14 and 16-year old were rescued from an escort service ring operating from a residence in Florida. Escort services commonly advertise online and control tactics used by traffickers include physical abuse, confinement, threats, and debt bondage.
Victims of sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. Traffickers often recruit women from other countries under false promises of legitimate work, but then use threats, violence, and coercion to force them into commercial sex acts at clubs. One case involved a trafficking ring that smuggled women into the country and compelled them through threats to work as dancers. Signs of trafficking include controlling victims' documents and wages, isolating them, and threatening deportation.
The document provides an overview of sex trafficking networks in the United States that target Latina women and children. These networks include Latino residential brothels, escort services, and hostess clubs. Residential brothels operate out of homes and apartments, hosting many male customers per day. Victims, who are often promised other work, are threatened and forced into commercial sex acts. The networks recruit and transport women within the U.S. and from Latin America, exploiting their illegal status and financial vulnerabilities. Federal laws prohibit forced labor and sex trafficking.
Humantraffickingvictims are oftenfoundinstreet prostitution where they are forcedto provide commercial sexual services by a controller or “pimp.” Pimps force adults andminors to sell commercial sex onthe streets by means of physical abuse, threats, lies, manipulation, andfalse promises. Victims are oftenexpectedto earnanightly quota, rangingfrom$500 to $1000 or more, all confiscatedby the pimp. Victims are typically U.S. citizens, includingadults, girls, boys, andtransgender youth.
Residential brothels are locations where victims of human trafficking, typically women and children from Latin America, are forced to have sex with many men each day in order to pay off exaggerated debts to their traffickers. One victim was kept in an apartment and forced to have sex with 25 men in one day for eight to nine months. Traffickers use force, fraud and coercion such as physical abuse, debt manipulation and threats to maintain control over victims and cause them to engage in commercial sex acts against their will.
The document outlines the physical and psychological reasons why victims remain in trafficking situations. It discusses factors such as captivity, fear of violence, shame, debt bondage, isolation, false promises, hopelessness, and psychological trauma that prevent identification and hinder escape. Additional barriers include frequent movement of victims, victims being trained to lie, and lack of trust in systems that are intended to help. The document seeks to increase understanding of trafficking victims' mindsets and experiences.
This document provides an overview of sex trafficking at truck stops in the United States. It describes how truck stops' isolated locations and large numbers of male customers make them convenient places for sex trafficking. Two common forms are pimp-controlled trafficking and fake massage businesses. Victims are often recruited through promises of jobs and controlled through debt bondage or threats of violence. The National Human Trafficking Resource Center received reports of 79 potential trafficking cases at truck stops in 2011.
Human trafficking occurs at truck stops in the United States in several forms. Sex trafficking involves pimp-controlled prostitution and fake massage businesses that traffick victims from city to city. Labor trafficking also occurs. Traffickers exploit various vulnerabilities at truck stops like their transient nature and isolate victims from communities. Signs of trafficking include restricted freedom of movement, poor living conditions, and inability to leave jobs.
Domestic sex trafficking involves U.S. citizens who are forced into commercial sex acts within the U.S. Pimps use elements of force, fraud, and coercion to control victims. They establish rules and quotas that victims must follow, inflicting physical and emotional abuse. Pimps make tens or hundreds of thousands annually by trafficking multiple victims. Victims are reluctant to seek help due to threats of violence, debt bondage, and manipulation by pimps. Service providers must build trust with victims and be aware of barriers that prevent victims from self-identifying or escaping.
Thousands of fake massage businesses in the U.S. operate as fronts for sex trafficking. Sex traffickers frequently target vulnerable people and use violence, threats or lies to coerce them into commercial sex acts against their will. Sex trafficking has been found in various venues like residential brothels, hostess clubs, online escort services, strip clubs, and street prostitution. Resources are available through organizations like the Polaris Project and National Human Trafficking Resource Center.
This document provides an overview of fake massage businesses that operate as fronts for sex trafficking in the United States. It describes the typical characteristics of these businesses, including their attempts to appear legitimate through commercial locations, advertising, and business licenses. It also outlines the structures of the trafficking networks that operate them, including recruiters, transporters, and brothel managers. Additionally, it discusses the means traffickers use to control victims, such as debt bondage, document seizure, isolation, and threats of deportation. Lastly, it provides relevant statistics on the prevalence of these businesses and examples of recent law enforcement actions against them.
The document provides information about human trafficking in the United States, including different types of labor and sex trafficking. It discusses how labor traffickers use coercion and violence to force people to work in various industries like agriculture, domestic work, restaurants, and factories. The document defines labor trafficking under U.S. law and provides resources on the topic.
Victims of human trafficking have been found working in peddling and begging rings or on sales crews, where they work long hours soliciting money or selling products. Crew leaders typically confiscate most of the victim's earnings, control transportation and housing, and subject victims to violence, sexual assault, and abandonment. One case involved a young man who joined a sales crew after being promised travel and high wages but was then controlled through isolation, fines, and denial of food. Peddling rings, sales crews, and begging rings may involve human trafficking when employers use force, fraud or coercion to control victims who believe they have no choice but to continue working.
This document discusses labor trafficking that occurs in factory and manufacturing settings in the United States. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited for work but then subjected to forced labor through threats, debt bondage, document theft, and other coercive practices. They may be forced to work long hours for little pay in dangerous conditions. The document provides an example of a woman from Mexico recruited for factory work but then locked in the factory and forced to work 17-18 hours a day. It also discusses vulnerabilities like low profit margins and tiered production systems that allow exploitation.
Cases of human trafficking have been investigated in multiple restaurant industries across several US states. Victims are often immigrants who are recruited with promises of work but then forced into long hours for little or no pay under threats of deportation. One case involved Polish immigrants working 12-14 hours a day with no time off under constant surveillance at a Chinese restaurant. The document outlines how trafficking can occur through force, fraud or coercion and notes vulnerabilities such as low wages, lack of protections, and immigration status that traffickers exploit.
4/4 slave labor in strip clubs (can be non sexual)StopTrafficking
Victims of both sex and labor trafficking may be found working in hostess clubs and strip clubs in the United States. In situations of sex trafficking, victims are forced to provide commercial sex to club patrons, while in labor trafficking victims are forced to dance, serve as hostesses, or sell drinks and food. Victims have little control over their schedule, money, and movement. One victim from Ukraine reported being forced to work 12 hour days, hand over $3,000-$4,000 per week, and was beaten if she did not comply.
A 19-year-old Filipino woman was recruited in 1985 to work as a domestic worker for a couple in Milwaukee, WI. For 19 years, she was forced to work long hours with no pay, isolated in their home, forbidden from leaving, and threatened with arrest and deportation if discovered. Traffickers often exploit foreign domestic workers who are unfamiliar with U.S. laws and isolate them using physical, verbal, or sexual abuse to exert control.
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
2012 Human Trafficking Report: Conventions, Organizations & Closing Info (7/7)
1. 382
RELEVANTINTERNATIONALCONVENTIONS
Country UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress & Punish
r c in in Persons
ILO
Convention 182,
Elimination of
Worst Forms of
Child Labor
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child on
the Sale of Children,
Child Prostitution and
Child Porno raphy
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child in
rmed Con ict
ILO
Convention
29, Forced
Labour
ILO
Convention
105,
Abolition
of Forced
Labour
Signature ati ati n
e i n a r
e tan e
ati ati n Signature ati ati n
e i n a
Signature ati ati n
e i n a
ati ati n ati ati n
g ani tan X X a X a X
Albania X X X X a X a X X
Algeria X X X X a X a X X
Ang la X X a X a X X
Antigua & Barbuda X X X X X X
Argentina X X X X X X X X X
Armenia X X X X X X X X X
Au tralia X X X X X X X X X
Au tria X X X X X X X X X
Azerbaijan X X X X X X X X X
Ba ama X X X X X
Bahrain X a X X a X a X X
Banglade h X X X X X X X
Barbad X X X X
Belaru X X X X a X a X X
Belgium X X X X X X X X X
Belize X a X X X X X X X
Benin X X X X X X X X X
B li ia X X X X X X a X X
B nia & erzeg ina X X X X X X X X X
B t ana X X X X a X X X X
Brazil X X X X X X X X X
Brunei X X a
Bulgaria X X X X X X X X X
Bur in a X X X X X X X X X
Burma X a X a X
Burundi X X X a X X X X
amb dia X X X X X X X X X
amer n X X X X X X X
Canada X X X X X X X X
Ca e erde X X X X a X a X X
Central A ri an e X a X X X X X
Chad X a X X X X X X X
Chile X X X X X X X X X
China C X a X X X X X
C l mbia X X X X X X X X X
C m r X X a X X
RELEVANT INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
2. RELEVANTINTERNATIONALCONVENTIONS
383
Country UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress & Punish
raf c in in Persons
ILO
Convention 182,
Elimination of
Worst Forms of
Child Labor
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child on
the Sale of Children,
Child Prostitution and
Child Porno raphy
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child in
Armed Con ict
ILO
Convention
29, Forced
Labour
ILO
Convention
105,
Abolition
of Forced
Labour
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a r
A e tan e A
ati ati n Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
ati ati n ati ati n
C ng e X X X a X a X X
C ng C X a X X a X X X X
C ta i a X X X X X X X X X
C te d ire X X a X a X X
Cr atia X X X X X X X X X
Cuba X X X X X X
C ru X X X X X X X X X
Cze h e ubli X X X X X X X
enmar X X X X X X X X X
jib uti X a X X X X X X X
mini an e ubli X X X X a X X X
uad r X X X X X X X X X
g t X X X X a X a X X
l Sal ad r X X X X X X X X X
uat rial uinea X X X X a X X
Eritrea X a X a X X
E t nia X X X X X X X X
Ethi ia X X X X
iji X X X X X
inland X X A X X X X X X
ran e X X X X X X X X X
ab n X a X X X X X X X
ambia he X X X X X X X X
e rgia X X X X a X a X X
erman X X X X X X X X X
hana X X X X X
ree e X X X X X X X X X
uatemala X a X X X X X X X
uinea X a X X a X X
uinea Bi au X X X X X X X X
u ana X a X X a X a X X
aiti X X X X X X X
ndura X a X X a X a X X
ungar X X X X X X X X X
eland X X X X X X X X X
ndia X X X X X X X X
nd ne ia X X X X X X X
3. 384
RELEVANTINTERNATIONALCONVENTIONS
Country UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress & Punish
raf c in in Persons
ILO
Convention 182,
Elimination of
Worst Forms of
Child Labor
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child on
the Sale of Children,
Child Prostitution and
Child Porno raphy
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child in
Armed Con ict
ILO
Convention
29, Forced
Labour
ILO
Convention
105,
Abolition
of Forced
Labour
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a r
A e tan e A
ati ati n Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
ati ati n ati ati n
ran X X a X X X
ra X a X X a X a X X
reland X X X X X X X X
rael X X X X X X X X X
tal X X X X X X X X X
amai a X X X X X X X X X
a an X X X X X X X
rdan X a X X X X X X X
aza h tan X a X X X X X X X
Kenya X a X X X X X X
Kiribati X a X X X
K rea K
K rea e X X X X X X
Ku ait X a X X a X a X X
Kyrgyz e ubli X X X X a X a X X
a X a X X a X a X
at ia X X X X X X X X X
eban n X X X X X X X X
e th X X X X X X X X X
Liberia X a X X X X X
Libya X X X X a X a X X
Lithuania X X X X a X X X X
Lu emb urg X X X X X X X X X
a ed nia X X X X X X X X X
adaga ar X X X X X X X X X
ala i X a X X X X X X X
alay ia X a X X a X a X
aldi e he X X X X
Mali X X X X a X X X X
Malta X X X X X a X X X X
Mar hall land
Mauritania X a X X a X X
Mauritiu X a X X X X X X
Me i X X X X X X X X X
Mi r ne ia SM X a X X
M ld a X X X X X X X X X
M ng lia X a X X X X X X X
4. RELEVANTINTERNATIONALCONVENTIONS
385
Country UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress & Punish
raf c in in Persons
ILO
Convention 182,
Elimination of
Worst Forms of
Child Labor
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child on
the Sale of Children,
Child Prostitution and
Child Porno raphy
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child in
Armed Con ict
ILO
Convention
29, Forced
Labour
ILO
Convention
105,
Abolition
of Forced
Labour
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a r
A e tan e A
ati ati n Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
ati ati n ati ati n
M ntenegr X a X X a X a X X
M r X a X X X X X X X
M zambi ue X X X X a X a X X
Namibia X X X X X X X X X
Ne al X X X X X X X
Netherland he X X A X X X X X X X
Ne ealand X X X X X X X X X
Ni aragua X a X X a X a X X
Niger X X X X X X a X X
Nigeria X X X X X X X X
N r ay X X X X X X X X X
man X a X X a X a X X
a i tan X X X X X X
alau
anama X X X X X X X X X
a ua Ne uinea X X X
araguay X X X X X X X X X
eru X X X X X X X X X
hili ine X X X X X X X X X
land X X X X X X X X X
rtugal X X X X X X X X X
Qatar X a X X a X a X X
mania X X X X X X X X X
u ia X X X X X X X
anda X X X X a X a X X
St Lu ia X X X X X
St in ent & the ren X X X X a X a X X
Saudi Arabia X X X X a X a X X
Senegal X X X X X X X X X
Serbia X X X X X X X X X
Sey helle X X X X X X X X
Sierra Le ne X X X X X X X X
Singa re X X X X
Sl a e ubli X X X X X X X X X
Sl enia X X X X X X X X X
S l m n land X X X
S malia X X X
5. 386
RELEVANTINTERNATIONALCONVENTIONS
Country UN Protocol to Prevent,
Suppress & Punish
raf c in in Persons
ILO
Convention 182,
Elimination of
Worst Forms of
Child Labor
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child on
the Sale of Children,
Child Prostitution and
Child Porno raphy
Optional Protocol to
the Convention on the
i hts of the Child in
Armed Con ict
ILO
Convention
29, Forced
Labour
ILO
Convention
105,
Abolition
of Forced
Labour
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a r
A e tan e A
ati ati n Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
Signature ati ati n
A e i n a
ati ati n ati ati n
S uth A ri a X X X X a X X X X
S uth Sudan
S ain X X X X X X X X X
Sri Lanka X X X X X X X X
Sudan X X a X X X X
Suriname X a X X X X X
S aziland X X X X
S eden X X X X X X X X X
S itzerland X X X X X X X X X
Syria X X X X a X a X X
ajiki tan X a X X a X a X X
anzania X X X X a X a X X
hailand X X X a X a X X
im r Le te X a X X a X a X
g X X X X X X X X X
nga
rinidad & bag X X X X X
uni ia X X X X X X X X X
urkey X X X X X X X X X
urkmeni tan X a X X a X a X X
Uganda X X X a X a X X
Ukraine X X X X X X X X X
United Arab Emirate X a X X X
United Kingd m X X X X X X X X X
United State X X X X X X X X
Uruguay X X X X X X X X X
Uzbeki tan X X X X a X a X X
enezuela X X X X X X X X X
ietnam X X X X X X
Yemen X X a X a X X
ambia X a X X X X X
imbab e X X a X X
7. 388
TRAFFICKINGVICTIMSPROTECTIONACT(TVPA)
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT:
MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, Div. A of Pub. L. No. 106-386, § 108, as amended.
(A) Minimum standards
For purposes of this chapter, the minimum standards for the
elimination of trafficking applicable to the government of a
country of origin, transit, or destination for victims of severe
forms of trafficking are the following:
(1) The government of the country should prohibit severe
forms of trafficking in persons and punish acts of such
trafficking.
(2) For the knowing commission of any act of sex
trafficking involving force, fraud, coercion, or in which
the victim of sex trafficking is a child incapable of
giving meaningful consent, or of trafficking which
includes rape or kidnapping or which causes a death,
the government of the country should prescribe
punishment commensurate with that for grave crimes,
such as forcible sexual assault.
(3) For the knowing commission of any act of a severe form
of trafficking in persons, the government of the country
should prescribe punishment that is sufficiently
stringent to deter and that adequately reflects the
heinous nature of the offense.
(4) The government of the country should make serious
and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of
trafficking in persons.
(B) Criteria
In determinations under subsection (a)(4) of this section, the
following factors should be considered as indicia of serious
and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking
in persons:
(1) Whether the government of the country vigorously
investigates and prosecutes acts of severe forms of
trafficking in persons, and convicts and sentences
persons responsible for such acts, that take place wholly
or partly within the territory of the country, including,
as appropriate, requiring incarceration of individuals
convicted of such acts. For purposes of the preceding
sentence, suspended or significantly reduced sentences
for convictions of principal actors in cases of severe
forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on
a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered as an
indicator of serious and sustained efforts to eliminate
severe forms of trafficking in persons. After reasonable
requests from the Department of State for data
regarding investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and
sentences, a government which does not provide such
data, consistent with the capacity of such government
to obtain such data, shall be presumed not to have
vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted, or
sentenced such acts. During the periods prior to the
annual report submitted on June 1, 2004, and on
June 1, 2005, and the periods afterwards until
September 30 of each such year, the Secretary of State
may disregard the presumption contained in the
preceding sentence if the government has provided
some data to the Department of State regarding
such acts and the Secretary has determined that the
government is making a good faith effort to collect
such data.
(2) Whether the government of the country protects
victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons and
encourages their assistance in the investigation and
prosecution of such trafficking, including provisions for
legal alternatives to their removal to countries in which
they would face retribution or hardship, and ensures
that victims are not inappropriately incarcerated, fined,
or otherwise penalized solely for unlawful acts as a
direct result of being trafficked, including by providing
training to law enforcement and immigration officials
regarding the identification and treatment of trafficking
victims using approaches that focus on the needs of the
victims.
(3) Whether the government of the country has adopted
measures to prevent severe forms of trafficking in
persons, such as measures to inform and educate the
public, including potential victims, about the causes
and consequences of severe forms of trafficking in
persons, measures to establish the identity of local
populations, including birth registration, citizenship,
and nationality, measures to ensure that its nationals
who are deployed abroad as part of a peacekeeping
or other similar mission do not engage in or facilitate
severe forms of trafficking in persons or exploit victims
of such trafficking, and measures to prevent the use of
forced labor or child labor in violation of international
standards.
(4) Whether the government of the country cooperates
with other governments in the investigation and
prosecution of severe forms of trafficking in persons.
(5) Whether the government of the country extradites
persons charged with acts of severe forms of trafficking
in persons on substantially the same terms and to
substantially the same extent as persons charged with
other serious crimes (or, to the extent such extradition
would be inconsistent with the laws of such country or
with international agreements to which the country is a
party, whether the government is taking all appropriate
measures to modify or replace such laws and treaties so
as to permit such extradition).
(6) Whether the government of the country monitors
immigration and emigration patterns for evidence of
severe forms of trafficking in persons and whether law
enforcement agencies of the country respond to any
such evidence in a manner that is consistent with the
8. 389
TRAFFICKINGVICTIMSPROTECTIONACT(TVPA)
vigorous investigation and prosecution of acts of such
trafficking, as well as with the protection of human
rights of victims and the internationally recognized
human right to leave any country, including one’s own,
and to return to one’s own country.
(7) Whether the government of the country vigorously
investigates, prosecutes, convicts, and sentences
public officials who participate in or facilitate severe
forms of trafficking in persons, including nationals
of the country who are deployed abroad as part
of a peacekeeping or other similar mission who
engage in or facilitate severe forms of trafficking in
persons or exploit victims of such trafficking, and
takes all appropriate measures against officials who
condone such trafficking. After reasonable requests
from the Department of State for data regarding
such investigations, prosecutions, convictions, and
sentences, a government which does not provide such
data consistent with its resources shall be presumed not
to have vigorously investigated, prosecuted, convicted,
or sentenced such acts. During the periods prior to the
annual report submitted on June 1, 2004, and on June
1, 2005, and the periods afterwards until September
30 of each such year, the Secretary of State may
disregard the presumption contained in the preceding
sentence if the government has provided some data
to the Department of State regarding such acts and
the Secretary has determined that the government is
making a good faith effort to collect such data.
(8) Whether the percentage of victims of severe forms of
trafficking in the country that are non-citizens of such
countries is insignificant.
(9) Whether the government of the country, consistent
with the capacity of such government, systematically
monitors its efforts to satisfy the criteria described
in paragraphs (1) through (8) and makes available
publicly a periodic assessment of such efforts.
(10) Whether the government of the country achieves
appreciable progress in eliminating severe forms of
trafficking when compared to the assessment in the
previous year.
(11) Whether the government of the country has made
serious and sustained efforts to reduce the demand for
(A) commercial sex acts; and
(B) participation in international sex tourism by
nationals of the country.
Two boys in Ghana prepared to cast a net into Lake Volta. From
the shores of Central America to the South Pacific, enslavement
on the seas is growing problem within the world’s fishing fleet.
9. 390
INTERNATIONALPEACEKEEPERS
STOPPING HUMAN TRAFFICKING, SEXUAL EXPLOITATION,
AND ABUSE BY INTERNATIONAL PEACEKEEPERS
In response to a Congressional mandate, this section summarizes actions taken by the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization (NATO), and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) to prevent trafficking in
persons or the exploitation of victims of trafficking.
UNITED NATIONS (UN)
The United Nations continues to implement its 2003 zero-tolerance policy “Special Measures for Protection from Sexual
Exploitation and Sexual Abuse” (ST/SGB/2003/13), which applies to approximately 120,000 uniformed personnel (troops,
military observers, and police), international and national staff members, contractors, consultants, and volunteers serving
in peacekeeping and humanitarian missions around the world. During the reporting period, there were 60 allegations of
sexual exploitation and abuse against UN peacekeeping personnel, compared with 85 such allegations in 2010. The majority
of the allegations affected the UN missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Liberia, Haiti and Sudan.
Twenty-two allegations involved children under 18 years of age, and in 14 other cases the age could not be determined. The
UN completed 23 investigations and deemed 10 of the allegations credible; 56 cases were still under investigation in 2011. No
comprehensive information is available on the number of cases of disciplinary action such as suspension, dismissal, censure,
demotion, and referral to employers. The UN reports that in 2011 it followed up 60 times with affected Troop Contributing
Countries, but only received 26 responses concerning the outcomes of disciplinary actions. In late 2011, the Conduct and
Discipline Unit at UN Headquarters launched a review of current practices and procedures in peacekeeping missions to prevent
sexual exploitation and abuse; there is no information on when the review will be completed. While all UN Missions have
established victim assistance mechanisms, there is no data available on the number of alleged or confirmed victims receiving
assistance through these mechanisms during the reporting period.
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO)
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s anti-trafficking policy was adopted in 2004 and updated in 2007. Provisions include
training for personnel of NATO-led missions, support for host country law enforcement in anti-trafficking investigations,
guidelines prohibiting contractors from engaging in trafficking, and evaluations of implementation of efforts as part of ongoing
reviews. Since 2007, NATO’s Assistant Secretary General for Defense Policy and Planning has served as the Senior Coordinator
on Counter-Trafficking in Human Beings. However, this is a collateral-duty position and there is no information on any new
anti-trafficking activities in 2011. NATO has six ongoing missions involving the deployment more than 135,000 troops. During
the reporting period, there were no reports of NATO personnel or units engaging in or facilitating human trafficking.
ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND CO-OPERATION IN EUROPE
(OSCE)
The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe’s Code of Conduct for Staff and Mission Members prescribes general
conduct of officials and staff while on mission, with specific instruction on preventing human trafficking. In a direct response
to the OSCE Action Plan, the organization’s human resources department issued guidance reiterating the high standards of
behavior expected for all OSCE officials in mission areas, as well as for OSCE staff attending conferences and other official
events. During the reporting period there were no reports of OSCE personnel engaging in or facilitating human trafficking.
11. 392
ORGANIZATIONSCOMBATINGTRAFFICKINGINPERSONS
Or ani ation Framework Document
Relevant to TIP
TIP Focal Point
United Nations
un rg
un d rg
h hr rg engli h b die hr e ial
theme htm
il rg
htt il rg a n rmati nre ur e
L ubli ati n Byregi n l bal lang en inde
htm
r t l t re ent Su re and uni h
ra king in er n E e ially men and
Children Su lementing the United Nati n
C n enti n Again t ran nati nal rganized
Crime A ES
United Nati n l bal lan A ti n t
C mbat ra king in er n
A ES
L C n enti n
C r ed Lab ur C n enti n
C Ab liti n r ed Lab ur C n enti n
C r t rm Child Lab ur
C n enti n
C me ti rker C n enti n &
S e ial a rteur n ra king
in er n E e ially men and
Children
S e ial a rteur n
C ntem rary rm Sla ery
S e ial a rteur n the ale
hildren hild r tituti n and hild
rn gra hy
African Union (AU)
a ri a uni n rg
uagad ug u A ti n lan t C mbat
ra king in uman Being E e ially
men and Children
AU C mmi i n nitiati e again t ra king
Cam aign AU C MM
N A
Association of Southeast Nations
(ASEAN)
a ean e rg
a ean e rg htm
ASEAN e larati n Again t ra king in
er n arti ularly men and Children
N A
Commonwealth of Independent States
(CIS)
i min k by
i min k by age h id
in u ian nly
Agreement n the C erati n the C S
Member State in C mbatting ra king in
er n uman rgan and i ue
r gramme C erati n the Member
State the C mm n ealth nde endent
State in mbating uman ra king
N A
Coordinated ekon inisterial Initiative
a ainst Traf ckin (CO IT)
n tra king rg inde html
C MM Mem randum Under tanding n
C erati n Again t ra king in reater
Mek ng Sub egi n
Se nd C MM Sub egi nal lan
A ti n
UN nter Agen y r je t n uman
ra king UN A
Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)
b rg Ci il Se urity and the uman
imen i n reating a a e and e ure regi n
hild entre in eg
A i i n r the Balti Sea regi n by
CBSS Summit
E ert r u r C erati n n Children at
i k ri rity a er
a k r e again t ra king
in uman Being ith u n
Adult B
E ert r u n Children at i k
Council of Europe (COE)
e int
e int t dghl m nit ring tra king
de ault en a
C E C n enti n n A ti n Again t ra king
in uman Being
r u E ert n A ti n Again t
ra king in uman Being
E A
INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
COMBATING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS
12. ORGANIZATIONSCOMBATINGTRAFFICKINGINPERSONS
393
Or ani ation Framework Document
Relevant to TIP
TIP Focal Point
Economic Community of West African
States (ECOWAS)
e a int
Economic Community of Central African
States (ECCAS)
eea e a rg
e larati n n the ight again t ra king in
er n
EC AS nitial lan A ti n again t
ra king in er n e tended
until
int EC AS ECCAS egi nal lan
A ti n t C mbat ra king in er n
e e ially men and Children
Anti ra king Unit
European Union (EU)
htt e eur a eu anti tra king inde a ti n
Bru el e larati n n re enting and
C mbating ra king in uman Being
ire ti e n re enting and C mbating
ra king in uman Being and
r te ting i tim
Eur ean Uni n Anti ra king
C rdinat r
Lea ue of Arab States (LAS)
arableague nline rg la inde j
in Arabi nly
Arab rame rk A t n C mbating ra king
in er n
Arab nitiati e t C mbat ra king in
er n
N A
Or ani ation of American States (OAS)
a rg en de ault a
a rg d engli h trata a
rk lan t C mbat ra king in er n in
the e tern emi here A ES
XL
C rdinat r Again t ra king
in er n
Or ani ation of Islamic Conference (OIC)
htt m e rg Yeni Site
kumanlar ana d kumanlar K Sarti d
Charter the rgani ati n the lami
C n eren e
N A
Or ani ation for Security and
Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
e rg
e rg thb
SCE A ti n lan t C mbat ra king in
uman Being
lat rm r A ti n Again t uman ra king
S e ial e re entati e and
C rdinat r n ra king in
uman Being
Re ional Conference on i ration (RC )
(Puebla Group)
r m rg
egi nal C n eren e n Migrati n lan
A ti n
N A
Southern African Development
Community (SADC)
ad int
ad int inde br e age
SA C egi nal lan A ti n n ra king
in er n
N A
South Asian Association for Re ional
Cooperation (SAARC)
aar e rg
htt aar e rg u er le n
tra king d
SAA C C n enti n n re enting and
C mbating ra king in men and Children
r r tituti n
egi nal a k r e
13. 394
GLOSSARY/PHOTOCREDITS
PHOTO CREDITS
n ide r nt er an Sochor Latin Content Getty ima es
Le atum Foundation and Geneva Global
AP Photo/Mukhtar Khan
Stuart Franklin/Ma num Photos
AP Photo/Kumar A. Mahesh
Simon Rawles
Prevent uman Traf ckin Or ani ation
AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis
Courtesy of Hampton University
ohan Ordone /AFP/Getty Ima es
Reuters/Sultan Hadiwijaya
Le atum Foundation and Geneva Global
Chris Ratcliffe/Bloomber via Getty Ima es
Xavier Plassat/Pastorial Land Commission
Courtesy of the CNN Freedom Project
Courtesy of the CNN Freedom Project
Tan Chhin Sothy/AFP/Getty Ima es
BBC World Service Trust
AP Photo/Shannon Stapleton Pool
Nicolas Asfouri/AFP/Getty Ima es
AP Photo/David Goldman
AP Photo/Spanish Police
Reuters/Andrew Biraj
Prevent Human Traf ckin Or ani ation
Susan Meiselas/Ma num Photos
right AP Photo/Michael Kooren, Pool
le t AP Photo/Karel Prinsloo, File
AP Photo/Ra Ma bool
U bek German Forum for Human Ri hts via Responsible
Sourcin Network
Copyri ht Nadia Todres
Courtesy of the CNN Freedom Project
Le atum Foundation and Geneva Global
Daniel Berehulak/Getty Ima es
AP Photo/Pavel Rahman
AP Photo/Oded Balilty
Joseph R. Kerr, Catalyst Foundation
Ian Berry/Ma num Photos
Vannak Anan Prum
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
ECCAS E n mi C mmunity Central A ri an State
ECOWAS E n mi C mmunity e t A ri an State
ECPAT End Child r tituti n Child rn gra hy and ra king Children r
Se ual ur e
EU Eur ean Uni n
ILO nternati nal Lab ur rganizati n
ILO IPEC nternati nal Lab ur rganizati n nternati nal r gram r the
Eliminati n Child Lab ur
INTERPOL nternati nal Criminal li e rganizati n
IOM nternati nal rganizati n r Migrati n
NGO N n ernmental rganizati n
OAS rganizati n Ameri an State
OSCE rganizati n r Se urity and C erati n in Eur e
UN United Nati n
UNDP United Nati n e el ment r gramme
UNHCR United Nati n igh C mmi i ner r e ugee
UNICEF United Nati n Children und
UN Women United Nati n Entity r ender E uality and the Em erment men
UNODC United Nati n e n rug and Crime
2000 UN TIP Protocol r t l t re ent Su re and uni h ra king in er n E e ially
men and Children Su lementing the United Nati n C n enti n Again t
ran nati nal rganized Crime
(Palermo Protocol)
15. 396
To us and to many readers, names like Prum and Yusril
seem as distant as their rural Cambodian and Indonesian
homelands, and we may seem equally distant to them. Yet this
Report ties these men inextricably to us, for their enslavement
aboard fishing vessels represents a part of the international
fishing industry that has for too long gone overlooked. In
Yusril’s case, his enslavement met the demand for cheap fish
exports to the U.S. market – exported to otherwise reputable
retail chains that sell slave-caught seafood just blocks from
this office. Yet what’s so remarkable is just how unremarkable
these experiences are to thousands of Burmese, Cambodia,
Indonesia, and Vietnamese men who are the expendable
fodder for this global fishing industry every day. Two fathers
who only wanted to support their families, they found slavery
instead. They and others like them suffer hellish conditions
for years confined on boats – sometimes witnessing others
thrown overboard when too weak to work further. As this
Report has shown in recent years, when they do escape, they
find themselves on unfamiliar shores, from Central America
and West Africa to the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean.
Avoiding responsibility or turning away because abuse
happened farther than 12-kilometers from shore does not
honor Prum and Yusril’s suffering. The zones of impunity that
their experiences highlight are not found only on the open
water, but onshore as well. The zone of impunity is not just
created by a toxic nexus of corruption and collusion, but also
when consumers and businesses fail to act. Keeping product
chains free of slavery is not just a moral imperative; it’s smart
business. Identifying slavery in seafood product chains helps
reward responsible buyers while holding the unscrupulous
accountable.
When slaveryfootprint.org asks you the question “How many
slaves work for you?”, remember that these are not statistics,
but people with hopes and dreams and courage. They are
Prum and Yusril. We dedicate this Report to them and to the
thousands of others they represent.
A CLOSING NOTE
The staff of the Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons is:
Maria Alejandra Acevedo
Sheela Ahluwalia
Marielle Ali
Feleke Assefa
Shonnie R. Ball
Terri Ballard
Cassidy Bohman
Casey Branchini
Betsy Bramon
Marissa Brescia
Carla Bury
Luis CdeBaca
Sarah Curtis
Sonia Helmy-Dentzel
Jennifer Donnelly
Dana Dyson
Marisa Ferri
Mark Forstrom
Alison Kiehl Friedman
Sara E. Gilmer
Paula Goode
Caitlin Heidenreich
Veronica Hernandez
Julie Hicks
Stephanie R. Hurter
Tyra Jackson
Ann M. Karl
Nan Kennelly
Kendra L. Kreider
Abraham Lee
Darrion Locke
Martha Lovejoy
Kerry McBride
Ericka Moten
Tim Mulvey
Kim Marie Natoli
Elizabeth Norris
Blanca Adriana Ontiveros
April Parker
Jennifer A. Phillips
Rachel Yousey Raba
Amy O’Neill Richard
Le’Shawnda Riley
Amy Rofman
Laura Svat Rundlet
Sean Ruthe
Amy Rustan
Chad C. Salitan
Kathryn Schneider
Sarah Scott
Mai Shiozaki
Jane Nady Sigmon
Desiree M. Suo
Mark B. Taylor
Natalya J. Wallin
Raquel Zanoni
Janet Zinn
CLOSINGNOTE
Special thanks to Lamya S. El-Shacke and the graphic services team at Global Publishing Solutions.