English activities, unit 1, The Ancien Regimesocialestolosa
This document provides information about the Ancien Regime in Europe during the 18th century. It defines key terms like the Enlightenment, mercantilism, and absolutism. It describes the rising middle class called the bourgeoisie and the economic system of mercantilism used by monarchs. Enlightenment thinkers promoted the use of reason over tradition and sought more individual liberties and rights. The document matches thinkers like Voltaire and Montesquieu to their ideas and reforms proposed. It also provides information about the Bourbon dynasty that ruled Spain during this period.
This document contains a list of questions about various topics related to European colonization of the Americas, including reasons for using African slaves over Native Americans, the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa, the purpose of joint-stock companies, Spain's conquest of the Aztec Empire, differences between slavery in Africa/Muslim societies and the Americas, Columbus' initial landing site, the basis and role of the encomienda system in New Spain, items exchanged as part of the Columbian Exchange, characteristics of capitalism, the first English settlement in America, details of the Middle Passage, long-term effects of the African slave trade, and the definition of Mestizos.
This document profiles 14 individuals who lived in colonial Latin America between the 15th and 18th centuries. It provides brief biographies of each person, including their name, lifespan, ethnicity, gender, occupation or role, and some key details about their experiences and accomplishments. The individuals represented include indigenous priests, Aztec royalty, slaves, artisans, engineers, and others from locations across Latin America such as Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Portugal.
Squanto was a native American who was captured by English explorers and later rescued by Christian missionaries. He became a translator for the Pilgrims but died from suspected poisoning by other natives. Enrico Martinez was a printer from Seville who challenged colonial society through his publishing. Red Shoes was a Choctaw chief who had good relations with traders until French attacks led to betrayal. Miguel Hernandez expanded his own horizons through literacy and business, testing laws and relationships across boundaries. Hernando De Valencia was a treasury agent in desperate need of funds who was promoted for his work collecting taxes.
The document defines the bourgeoisie as the ruling class that owns the means of production privately in bourgeois society. It originated in 16th century France and has complete power and control over everything, owning all property and the means of production, while the proletariat works for the bourgeoisie and owns nothing. The bourgeoisie concentrates wealth and population in cities, makes other countries dependent on them, and creates a centralized government to maintain their power. They are distinguished by elaborate clothing, graceful behavior, and leisure activities like theaters, restaurants, and gardens to portray an aristocratic lifestyle, though the petite bourgeoisie have smaller control over production. Modern industry has converted workshops into factories, reduced skill requirements, and replaced male with female labor to oppress
This document provides an amended bill on immigration. Key points:
20
25
30
35
40
1. It allows for the removal of persons unlawfully in the UK and their family members.
2. It expands immigration officers' enforcement powers and makes changes to bail provisions.
3. It requires biometric information to be provided with more immigration applications and citizenship applications.
4. It defines biometric information and allows biometric immigration documents to be required.
51th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2011Miqui Mel
The document is the 51st annual report of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) for 2011. It summarizes EFTA's activities in managing the European Economic Area Agreement and expanding free trade relations that year. Some key points:
- 373 EU legal acts were incorporated into the EEA Agreement to ensure homogeneous rules across the EEA.
- Hong Kong and Montenegro joined EFTA's network of free trade partners, bringing the total to 24 agreements with 33 countries.
- Negotiations were held with countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, India, Russia, and Central American nations.
- The EEA Grants and Norway Grants continued supporting economic and social development in
English activities, unit 1, The Ancien Regimesocialestolosa
This document provides information about the Ancien Regime in Europe during the 18th century. It defines key terms like the Enlightenment, mercantilism, and absolutism. It describes the rising middle class called the bourgeoisie and the economic system of mercantilism used by monarchs. Enlightenment thinkers promoted the use of reason over tradition and sought more individual liberties and rights. The document matches thinkers like Voltaire and Montesquieu to their ideas and reforms proposed. It also provides information about the Bourbon dynasty that ruled Spain during this period.
This document contains a list of questions about various topics related to European colonization of the Americas, including reasons for using African slaves over Native Americans, the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa, the purpose of joint-stock companies, Spain's conquest of the Aztec Empire, differences between slavery in Africa/Muslim societies and the Americas, Columbus' initial landing site, the basis and role of the encomienda system in New Spain, items exchanged as part of the Columbian Exchange, characteristics of capitalism, the first English settlement in America, details of the Middle Passage, long-term effects of the African slave trade, and the definition of Mestizos.
This document profiles 14 individuals who lived in colonial Latin America between the 15th and 18th centuries. It provides brief biographies of each person, including their name, lifespan, ethnicity, gender, occupation or role, and some key details about their experiences and accomplishments. The individuals represented include indigenous priests, Aztec royalty, slaves, artisans, engineers, and others from locations across Latin America such as Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Portugal.
Squanto was a native American who was captured by English explorers and later rescued by Christian missionaries. He became a translator for the Pilgrims but died from suspected poisoning by other natives. Enrico Martinez was a printer from Seville who challenged colonial society through his publishing. Red Shoes was a Choctaw chief who had good relations with traders until French attacks led to betrayal. Miguel Hernandez expanded his own horizons through literacy and business, testing laws and relationships across boundaries. Hernando De Valencia was a treasury agent in desperate need of funds who was promoted for his work collecting taxes.
The document defines the bourgeoisie as the ruling class that owns the means of production privately in bourgeois society. It originated in 16th century France and has complete power and control over everything, owning all property and the means of production, while the proletariat works for the bourgeoisie and owns nothing. The bourgeoisie concentrates wealth and population in cities, makes other countries dependent on them, and creates a centralized government to maintain their power. They are distinguished by elaborate clothing, graceful behavior, and leisure activities like theaters, restaurants, and gardens to portray an aristocratic lifestyle, though the petite bourgeoisie have smaller control over production. Modern industry has converted workshops into factories, reduced skill requirements, and replaced male with female labor to oppress
This document provides an amended bill on immigration. Key points:
20
25
30
35
40
1. It allows for the removal of persons unlawfully in the UK and their family members.
2. It expands immigration officers' enforcement powers and makes changes to bail provisions.
3. It requires biometric information to be provided with more immigration applications and citizenship applications.
4. It defines biometric information and allows biometric immigration documents to be required.
51th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2011Miqui Mel
The document is the 51st annual report of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) for 2011. It summarizes EFTA's activities in managing the European Economic Area Agreement and expanding free trade relations that year. Some key points:
- 373 EU legal acts were incorporated into the EEA Agreement to ensure homogeneous rules across the EEA.
- Hong Kong and Montenegro joined EFTA's network of free trade partners, bringing the total to 24 agreements with 33 countries.
- Negotiations were held with countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, India, Russia, and Central American nations.
- The EEA Grants and Norway Grants continued supporting economic and social development in
52th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2012Miqui Mel
This document summarizes EFTA's free trade relations and activities in 2012. Key points:
- 3 new free trade agreements with Hong Kong, Montenegro, and Ukraine entered into force, bringing the total number of operational FTAs to 23 covering 27 countries.
- Negotiations were ongoing with 11 countries and regions including India, Indonesia, Central American states, and the Russian Customs Union.
- Joint declarations on cooperation were in place with 5 partners including Georgia and Pakistan, which signed new declarations in 2012.
- EFTA expanded its negotiation agenda by starting talks with Central American states, Vietnam, and jointly announcing negotiations with Malaysia. Negotiations with existing partners like India and Russia also progressed over multiple rounds
The Situation of the Catalan Language TodayMiqui Mel
Lingcat is a multimedia presentation that describes the situation of the Catalan language today. It aims to answer exchange students' questions on sociolinguistic issues in Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking areas, with particular emphasis on the university context. Lingcat is a useful source of information for those who want to find out more about the language, either before they come to Catalonia, or shortly after their arrival.
Source: LingCat & Universitat de Barcelona
Abortion Statistics - England & Wales 2011Miqui Mel
- In 2011, there were 189,931 abortions for residents of England and Wales, a 0.2% increase from 2010.
- The abortion rate was highest for women aged 20 at 33 per 1,000 women. The rates for women under 16 and under 18 were lower than in 2010.
- 91% of abortions were carried out at under 13 weeks gestation and 78% were under 10 weeks, reflecting trends toward earlier procedures.
- Medical abortions accounted for 47% of the total, up from 43% in 2010, as this method has become more commonly used.
The Eurozone Crisis and the Democratic DeficitMiqui Mel
This document summarizes a conference on the democratic deficit and Eurozone crisis. It includes summaries of papers presented at the conference on topics related to the democratic legitimacy of EU institutions and policy responses to the crisis. One paper argues that greater political union is needed to legitimately and effectively address the crisis, while others fear this could compound economic and political problems given differences between member states. The introduction provides context on the conference and debates issues of democracy, solidarity and diversity in the EU framework.
Resultats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005Miqui Mel
Resulstats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005
Font: Grup de Treball de l'Actualització de les Balança Fiscal de Catalunya.
Data: 09.07.08.
This document provides a summary of global office market forecasts for 2014-2015 from Cushman & Wakefield. Key points include:
- Efficiency and quality workspace are driving trends as companies seek to reduce costs and promote productivity.
- Office market conditions will vary significantly across regions. The US is forecasted to have the strongest GDP growth in the Americas.
- Asia Pacific growth is expected to slow but remain solid, with large supply pipelines. Rents will rise 1-2% annually.
- European markets show signs of stabilization after economic struggles, but growth will remain below trend levels.
- Top-performing office markets include Dublin, London, Boston, San Francisco, and Santiago, based on factors like
Real Madrid had the highest revenue of €518.9 million in 2012/13. Barcelona had the second highest revenue of €482.6 million. Bayern Munich generated €431.2 million in revenue and had the highest revenue of any German club. Manchester United generated €423.8 million in revenue and had the highest commercial operations of any club, increasing 30% to €177.9 million. Paris Saint-Germain saw remarkable growth with revenue of €398.8 million after winning their first Ligue 1 title in 19 years.
Catalonia: A Country Plundered for 300 YearsMiqui Mel
1) In the early 18th century, King Philip V introduced a new poll tax called the "catastro" to punish Catalonia after the War of Spanish Succession. The tax was disproportionately high and caused fiscal pressure and economic drain for Catalonia over decades.
2) In the 19th century, the debate between protectionism and free trade began affecting relations between Catalonia and Spain. Catalan industrialists favored protectionism while centralist policies opened Spain's borders, threatening Catalonia's cotton industry.
3) By the late 19th century, Catalonia contributed disproportionately to Spanish taxes while receiving little public investment. Barcelona province alone paid more taxes than several other Spanish regions combined. Civil disobed
The Catalan Theatre Scene (In Transit #24)Miqui Mel
The document summarizes the history and current state of the Catalan theatre scene. It discusses how theatre in Catalonia has thrived in recent decades despite political and economic challenges. Several key points:
- Barcelona has become an international theatre capital, and Catalonia now has a diverse range of theatrical offerings and institutions.
- Many contemporary Catalan playwrights have seen their works staged internationally. Collective creation companies also have reputations throughout Europe.
- Catalonia now has an impressive system of publicly subsidized theatres on par with advanced European nations. Festivals like Grec and Tàrrega are also major platforms.
- The contemporary scene includes innovative new playwrights, directors establishing
Anàlisi dels Processos Secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90Miqui Mel
Un ànàlisi dels processos secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90 amb una interessant comparativa dels diferents referèndums a cadascun dels països. Elaborat pel CETC (Centre d'Estudis de Temes Contemporanis) l'any 2010.
The document discusses how zero-hour contracts are estimated from the UK Labour Force Survey (LFS). It provides the following key points:
1) The LFS classifies anyone on a zero-hours contract as employed regardless of hours worked in the survey reference week, as long as the employment contract remains in place.
2) Estimates of people on zero-hours contracts are calculated using the LFS variable FLEXW7, which identifies any zero-hours contract work arrangement, and FLED10, which identifies a zero-hours contract as the main work arrangement.
3) Prior to 2006, estimates need to be adjusted upwards by 4/9 to account for the LFS moving from seasonal to
53th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2013Miqui Mel
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is an intergovernmental organization that promotes free trade between its four member states - Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. EFTA manages the EFTA Convention, which establishes free trade between member states, as well as free trade agreements with non-EU countries. EFTA also assists Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway in participating in the European Union's internal market through the Agreement on the European Economic Area. The organization is governed by the EFTA Council and assisted by committees and a secretariat with offices in Geneva, Brussels, and Luxembourg. EFTA has contributed to economic development in Europe through free trade and international agreements.
Catalonia Through the Eyes of the International Media (IT InTransit #12)Miqui Mel
This article summarizes an editorial about how Catalonia has gained significant attention from the international media in recent months. It discusses how Catalonia went from rarely being mentioned to making front pages of influential newspapers. The massive pro-independence demonstration on September 11, 2012 was a turning point that international journalists took notice of. In the following months, dozens of foreign correspondents reported from Catalonia, providing a more balanced perspective on the situation compared to Spanish media. As a result, more international coverage has been published on Catalonia in the past three months than the past three decades. The strong opposition from Madrid has also kept the issue in the headlines.
The passage describes a unique atmosphere in Barcelona, Spain, with colorful artifacts and greenery throughout. It focuses on a modern installation artwork called "Identity" located in Plaza Nova. The translucent bamboo structure in a grid formation is meant to reinterpret an ancient wall and allow people to walk through openings. The artwork was commissioned to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Battle of Barcelona on September 11, 1714, when the city fell to French-Castilian troops after a long siege, becoming a symbol of Catalan national identity and spirit of recovery.
2015 02 judicialization of catalonian language and identity politicsMiqui Mel
The document summarizes a judicial decision regarding Catalonia's status within Spain that has strained relations between the two governments. The Spanish Constitutional Court struck down parts of Catalonia's statute that referenced Catalonia as a "nation" and gave preferential status to the Catalan language. This decision fueled anti-Spanish sentiment in Catalonia and led Catalan leaders to hold a symbolic independence referendum in 2014, further exacerbating tensions over Catalonia's autonomy and identity within Spain. The ruling highlighted the tension between Spain's principle of national unity and recognition of regional autonomy in its constitution.
The document is a letter responding to claims made by colleagues from Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya. It makes four main points: 1) Calling an illegal referendum undermines democracy and rule of law. 2) Allowing the referendum would deprive all Spanish citizens a say in their country's future. 3) Catalonia has historically always been part of Spain and was never a separate nation. 4) Catalans who oppose independence are facing intimidation and those claiming most Catalans support the referendum are misrepresenting polls showing only 23% support it.
52th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2012Miqui Mel
This document summarizes EFTA's free trade relations and activities in 2012. Key points:
- 3 new free trade agreements with Hong Kong, Montenegro, and Ukraine entered into force, bringing the total number of operational FTAs to 23 covering 27 countries.
- Negotiations were ongoing with 11 countries and regions including India, Indonesia, Central American states, and the Russian Customs Union.
- Joint declarations on cooperation were in place with 5 partners including Georgia and Pakistan, which signed new declarations in 2012.
- EFTA expanded its negotiation agenda by starting talks with Central American states, Vietnam, and jointly announcing negotiations with Malaysia. Negotiations with existing partners like India and Russia also progressed over multiple rounds
The Situation of the Catalan Language TodayMiqui Mel
Lingcat is a multimedia presentation that describes the situation of the Catalan language today. It aims to answer exchange students' questions on sociolinguistic issues in Catalonia and the Catalan-speaking areas, with particular emphasis on the university context. Lingcat is a useful source of information for those who want to find out more about the language, either before they come to Catalonia, or shortly after their arrival.
Source: LingCat & Universitat de Barcelona
Abortion Statistics - England & Wales 2011Miqui Mel
- In 2011, there were 189,931 abortions for residents of England and Wales, a 0.2% increase from 2010.
- The abortion rate was highest for women aged 20 at 33 per 1,000 women. The rates for women under 16 and under 18 were lower than in 2010.
- 91% of abortions were carried out at under 13 weeks gestation and 78% were under 10 weeks, reflecting trends toward earlier procedures.
- Medical abortions accounted for 47% of the total, up from 43% in 2010, as this method has become more commonly used.
The Eurozone Crisis and the Democratic DeficitMiqui Mel
This document summarizes a conference on the democratic deficit and Eurozone crisis. It includes summaries of papers presented at the conference on topics related to the democratic legitimacy of EU institutions and policy responses to the crisis. One paper argues that greater political union is needed to legitimately and effectively address the crisis, while others fear this could compound economic and political problems given differences between member states. The introduction provides context on the conference and debates issues of democracy, solidarity and diversity in the EU framework.
Resultats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005Miqui Mel
Resulstats de la Balaça Fiscal de Catalunya amb l'Administració Central 2002-2005
Font: Grup de Treball de l'Actualització de les Balança Fiscal de Catalunya.
Data: 09.07.08.
This document provides a summary of global office market forecasts for 2014-2015 from Cushman & Wakefield. Key points include:
- Efficiency and quality workspace are driving trends as companies seek to reduce costs and promote productivity.
- Office market conditions will vary significantly across regions. The US is forecasted to have the strongest GDP growth in the Americas.
- Asia Pacific growth is expected to slow but remain solid, with large supply pipelines. Rents will rise 1-2% annually.
- European markets show signs of stabilization after economic struggles, but growth will remain below trend levels.
- Top-performing office markets include Dublin, London, Boston, San Francisco, and Santiago, based on factors like
Real Madrid had the highest revenue of €518.9 million in 2012/13. Barcelona had the second highest revenue of €482.6 million. Bayern Munich generated €431.2 million in revenue and had the highest revenue of any German club. Manchester United generated €423.8 million in revenue and had the highest commercial operations of any club, increasing 30% to €177.9 million. Paris Saint-Germain saw remarkable growth with revenue of €398.8 million after winning their first Ligue 1 title in 19 years.
Catalonia: A Country Plundered for 300 YearsMiqui Mel
1) In the early 18th century, King Philip V introduced a new poll tax called the "catastro" to punish Catalonia after the War of Spanish Succession. The tax was disproportionately high and caused fiscal pressure and economic drain for Catalonia over decades.
2) In the 19th century, the debate between protectionism and free trade began affecting relations between Catalonia and Spain. Catalan industrialists favored protectionism while centralist policies opened Spain's borders, threatening Catalonia's cotton industry.
3) By the late 19th century, Catalonia contributed disproportionately to Spanish taxes while receiving little public investment. Barcelona province alone paid more taxes than several other Spanish regions combined. Civil disobed
The Catalan Theatre Scene (In Transit #24)Miqui Mel
The document summarizes the history and current state of the Catalan theatre scene. It discusses how theatre in Catalonia has thrived in recent decades despite political and economic challenges. Several key points:
- Barcelona has become an international theatre capital, and Catalonia now has a diverse range of theatrical offerings and institutions.
- Many contemporary Catalan playwrights have seen their works staged internationally. Collective creation companies also have reputations throughout Europe.
- Catalonia now has an impressive system of publicly subsidized theatres on par with advanced European nations. Festivals like Grec and Tàrrega are also major platforms.
- The contemporary scene includes innovative new playwrights, directors establishing
Anàlisi dels Processos Secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90Miqui Mel
Un ànàlisi dels processos secessionistes a l’Europa dels 90 amb una interessant comparativa dels diferents referèndums a cadascun dels països. Elaborat pel CETC (Centre d'Estudis de Temes Contemporanis) l'any 2010.
The document discusses how zero-hour contracts are estimated from the UK Labour Force Survey (LFS). It provides the following key points:
1) The LFS classifies anyone on a zero-hours contract as employed regardless of hours worked in the survey reference week, as long as the employment contract remains in place.
2) Estimates of people on zero-hours contracts are calculated using the LFS variable FLEXW7, which identifies any zero-hours contract work arrangement, and FLED10, which identifies a zero-hours contract as the main work arrangement.
3) Prior to 2006, estimates need to be adjusted upwards by 4/9 to account for the LFS moving from seasonal to
53th Annual Report of The European Free Trade Association 2013Miqui Mel
The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is an intergovernmental organization that promotes free trade between its four member states - Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. EFTA manages the EFTA Convention, which establishes free trade between member states, as well as free trade agreements with non-EU countries. EFTA also assists Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway in participating in the European Union's internal market through the Agreement on the European Economic Area. The organization is governed by the EFTA Council and assisted by committees and a secretariat with offices in Geneva, Brussels, and Luxembourg. EFTA has contributed to economic development in Europe through free trade and international agreements.
Catalonia Through the Eyes of the International Media (IT InTransit #12)Miqui Mel
This article summarizes an editorial about how Catalonia has gained significant attention from the international media in recent months. It discusses how Catalonia went from rarely being mentioned to making front pages of influential newspapers. The massive pro-independence demonstration on September 11, 2012 was a turning point that international journalists took notice of. In the following months, dozens of foreign correspondents reported from Catalonia, providing a more balanced perspective on the situation compared to Spanish media. As a result, more international coverage has been published on Catalonia in the past three months than the past three decades. The strong opposition from Madrid has also kept the issue in the headlines.
The passage describes a unique atmosphere in Barcelona, Spain, with colorful artifacts and greenery throughout. It focuses on a modern installation artwork called "Identity" located in Plaza Nova. The translucent bamboo structure in a grid formation is meant to reinterpret an ancient wall and allow people to walk through openings. The artwork was commissioned to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Battle of Barcelona on September 11, 1714, when the city fell to French-Castilian troops after a long siege, becoming a symbol of Catalan national identity and spirit of recovery.
2015 02 judicialization of catalonian language and identity politicsMiqui Mel
The document summarizes a judicial decision regarding Catalonia's status within Spain that has strained relations between the two governments. The Spanish Constitutional Court struck down parts of Catalonia's statute that referenced Catalonia as a "nation" and gave preferential status to the Catalan language. This decision fueled anti-Spanish sentiment in Catalonia and led Catalan leaders to hold a symbolic independence referendum in 2014, further exacerbating tensions over Catalonia's autonomy and identity within Spain. The ruling highlighted the tension between Spain's principle of national unity and recognition of regional autonomy in its constitution.
The document is a letter responding to claims made by colleagues from Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya. It makes four main points: 1) Calling an illegal referendum undermines democracy and rule of law. 2) Allowing the referendum would deprive all Spanish citizens a say in their country's future. 3) Catalonia has historically always been part of Spain and was never a separate nation. 4) Catalans who oppose independence are facing intimidation and those claiming most Catalans support the referendum are misrepresenting polls showing only 23% support it.
This document provides an overview of Argentina in 3 sentences:
The document discusses the history of Argentina from pre-Columbian civilizations to its independence from Spain in 1816 and the emergence of modern Argentina in the late 19th century as a prosperous agricultural exporter. It also summarizes Argentina's transition to democracy in 1983 after periods of military rule and discusses the current presidency of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. The document covers topics ranging from Argentine culture and music to sports and provides brief summaries of economic and social issues facing Argentina.
Did you know that the language of Barcelona is not Spanish but Catalan? Did you know that Catalonia is a nation? Did you know that the Catalans had the first Parliament? Discover this rich culture.
The document discusses the 300th anniversary of the War of Spanish Succession ending in 1714 with Barcelona surrendering to Bourbon troops. It provides historical context of the period following 1714 when Catalonia lost ancient freedoms and political autonomy under centralizing Spanish rule. While Catalan identity and culture faced attacks, the 19th century Renaixença cultural revival movement helped sustain the Catalan nation. The document argues Catalonia still desires equal partnership in democratic Spain but recent events have changed citizens' relationship with the Spanish state due to issues like fiscal contributions not being fairly distributed. It maintains the will of the Catalan people is to vote on their future and they will hold a non-binding referendum on November 9th regarding Catal
The Internationalization of Catalan Companies (IT InTransit #11)Miqui Mel
This document summarizes the views of four Catalan business leaders who argue that independence is the best economic option for Catalonia. They cite statistics showing that Catalonia contributes more to the Spanish economy than it receives in return. The business leaders claim that the Spanish economic model does not match Catalonia's export-oriented, small business model. An independent Catalonia, freed from Spain's fiscal deficit and lack of investment in Catalan infrastructure, could better promote economic growth and attract investment. The business leaders believe independence would benefit not just Catalonia but also Spain by forcing economic reforms, and the EU.
This document provides a summary of the key cultural features of Spain, including general cultures like language, religion, social structure, and values/attitudes. It also discusses business cultures in Spain, noting that Spanish management styles can be complicated and hierarchical. Meetings often start on time in major cities. Titles are important in Spain and should not be used casually. There is a rigid chain of command that must be respected in business. Spain has a rich culture evident in its art, including dance, music, and architecture. Its geography and climate also contribute to its culture and tourism.
The document summarizes a debate in the Catalan Parliament about poverty in Catalonia. It discusses measures proposed to address poverty, such as studying guaranteed income and expanding minimum income programs. It also notes that while talking about poverty allows politicians to appear sensitive, it does not necessarily solve problems for the poor. The debate had characteristics of simulation rather than finding real solutions.
The document discusses the rise in support for Catalan independence from Spain. Long-term causes include Catalonia's distinct language and identity that were suppressed under Franco. More recently, Catalonia resents sending tax money to bail out other Spanish regions as it suffers high unemployment. An election was held to gauge support for independence but stopped short of an outright majority, clarifying little except polarization in Spanish politics. The future of Catalan independence and Spain's territorial integrity remains uncertain.
Spain has a long history with influences from various cultures like the Iberians, Celts, and Moors. Traditional Spanish culture places importance on family, Catholicism, and regional identity. The cuisine relies on fresh ingredients like seafood, meat, herbs, and olive oil. While fast food has grown, traditional foods remain central to Spanish culture. Spain transitioned to a democratic constitutional monarchy in the late 20th century after periods of dictatorship.
The completion of Spain's military conquest in the New World marked the end of indigenous peoples' way of life and established Spanish Catholic rule. Monastic orders were sent to convert the native population to Christianity and help build the foundations of colonial society. Convents in particular provided women socio-economic power in the patriarchal society. Wealthy patrons funded many of the convents, which accumulated significant wealth and properties over time, establishing the colonial economy.
Globalization has led to the rise of civic society in developing countries as a counterbalance to unregulated markets. Civil societies now propose interventions to ease the negative impacts of globalization. However, most NGOs in developing countries lack proper legal frameworks and funding sources, limiting their effectiveness. The author analyzes the cases of Mexico and Romania to understand how to establish legal frameworks and global philanthropic standards that support civil society organizations and enable them to act as a balance to state power during periods of economic globalization.
Thoughts About Independence (IT In Transit #20)Miqui Mel
This document summarizes two incidents experienced by Catalans outside of Catalonia that illustrate underlying tensions with Spain. In the first incident, a Catalan taxi driver in Saragossa was verbally abused by other drivers for having a Barcelona taxi. In the second incident, a group of young Catalan men in Madrid were assaulted in what appeared to be a nationalist attack. These anecdotes suggest to the author that anti-Catalan sentiment in Spain goes beyond isolated incidents and points to deeper societal issues.
Spain has a rich history and culture. It has experienced periods of imperial expansion as well as conflicts between traditional and modern ways of life. Today, Spain faces several important issues. It struggles with a financial crisis, high unemployment, and cutbacks while also dealing with nationalism and immigration challenges. As a member of the European Union, Spain must determine its role within Europe during difficult economic times.
The document discusses the recent vote in Catalonia supporting independence from Spain and examines related documents from the 1970s during Spain's transition to democracy after Franco's dictatorship. It finds that despite the relatively peaceful transition, there were underlying forces of separatism, as evidenced by concerns over Catalan autonomy. The Catalan identity and past concessions to autonomy have nourished calls for independence that remain strong today, as shown by the recent vote, posing challenges for the Spanish government.
Similar to Is it convenient for Catalonia to be part of Spain (20)
TC vs el Pla Estratègic d'Acció Exterior GenCat - FalloMiqui Mel
El Tribunal Constitucional español dictaminó sobre un recurso de inconstitucionalidad presentado por el Presidente del Gobierno contra la Ley del Parlamento de Cataluña 16/2014 sobre acción exterior y relaciones con la Unión Europea. El Tribunal declaró la inconstitucionalidad de varios artículos de dicha ley al considerar que invaden competencias exclusivas del Estado en materia de relaciones internacionales y de coordinación de la acción exterior.
TC vs el Pla Estratègic d'Acció Exterior GenCatMiqui Mel
EL PLENO DEL TC DECLARA INCONSTITUCIONAL PARTE DEL PLAN ESTRATÉGICO DE ACCIÓN EXTERIOR Y DE RELACIONES CON LA UNIÓN EUROPEA 2019-2020 APROBADO POR EL GOBIERNO DE CATALUÑA
Political Opinion Barometer Catalonia - 3rd Wave 2015Miqui Mel
This document provides the technical specifications and main results of the 3rd wave of 2015 of the Political Opinion Barometer survey conducted in Catalonia. It details the sample size of 2,000 interviews, methodology used, margins of error, and key findings. The main results show that 65% of respondents believe Catalonia has an insufficient level of autonomy, 41.1% believe it should be an independent state, and 46.7% want Catalonia to become an independent state.
Economic effects of a potential secession of Catalonia from Spain and paths f...Miqui Mel
Scenarios of Macro-economic Development for Catalonia on Horizon 2030: Economic effects of a potential secession of Catalonia from Spain and paths for integration with the EU
Source: CEPS & CIDOB
Date: July 2015.
Political Opinion Barometer - CEO (July 2015)Miqui Mel
This document provides technical specifications and main results from a political opinion barometer survey conducted in Catalonia, Spain. It details the survey methodology, including a sample size of 2,000 respondents stratified across Catalonia's four provinces. Key findings summarized include that over 50% of respondents feel Catalonia does not receive fair treatment from the Spanish government, and around 42-43% of respondents want Catalonia to become an independent state.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
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केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
2. Is it convenient for Catalonia to be part of Spain?
In 1993, Felipe González, ex-prime Minister, helped Barcelona to
lose the possibility of being the seat of the European capital of
medicine.
In 2003, José Maria Aznar, ex-prime Minister, helped Barcelona to
lose the possibility of being the seat of the European capital of the
food sector.
The Spanish government refused to ask for EEC financing of the
line 9 of Barcelona underground.
In 2006, José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero, ex-prime Minister, refused
to meet the conditions to allow Nissan to build a new automotive
plant in Odena, near Barcelona.
Catalonia lost another €400 millions in new investments. Incredible!
(Source: Ramon Tremosa. Catalunya serà logística o no serà. 2007
and Francesc Sanuy. El Singular Digital: Economia 24.02.2010)
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3. Jordi Pujol, ex-President of Catalonia
The bridges between Spain and Catalonia are broken.
We cannot believe in the Spain of today.
During many years the majority of Catalan citizens had not had
separatist feelings. Before I could find arguments against the
separatist movement, now I fail to find any.
Becoming independent will not be easy. The other option is very
simple, obliteration. In the light of this, people who would never have
dreamed of doing so, will vote for independence.
(Source: El Temps Nº 1391 del 8.02.2011 i Ara - aracrònicapolítica 26.01.2011)
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5. No one listened to him
In this book published in the year 1985 the Catalan political leader
and economist, Ramon Trias Fargas, said:
“From the first day, the Madrid politicians
understood that the most efficient way to keep a
stranglehold on the Catalan autonomy was to
keep it on the bread line, and dry bread at that.
Self-government without money is like having a
car without petrol.
However we have to admit that for different
motives we, the Catalans, have not been able to
combat this strategy”.
(Source: Narració d’una asfíxia premeditada. Ramon Trias Fargas. Editorial Afers 2011)
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6. State policies
Fiscal and Economic
Education and Research
Health and Social Security
Sport and Culture
Security and Defence
Justice and Law and Order
Trade and Industry
Foreign policy
Etc.
Without a State we cannot have our own policies
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7. With the Castilian mentality, in their project for Spain
there is no room for the welfare or
the economic development of Catalonia
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