Building Cogeneration Planning Scheduling Systems using IBM ILOG ODME, CPLEX ...Alkis Vazacopoulos
This document discusses using IBM's ODME and iMPress software for building cogeneration planning and scheduling applications. It provides an overview of ODME, iMPress, and how they can be implemented together. Key benefits include fitting business models/processes, sophisticated optimization, quick adaptation, and scenario analysis. A proof-of-concept is proposed to select a plant type, integrate data sources, solve models, and tune models for accuracy and tractability.
Building Cogeneration Planning Scheduling Systems using IBM ILOG ODME, CPLEX ...Alkis Vazacopoulos
This document discusses using IBM's ODME and iMPress software for building cogeneration planning and scheduling applications. It provides an overview of ODME, iMPress, and how they can be implemented together. Key benefits include fitting business models/processes, sophisticated optimization, quick adaptation, and scenario analysis. A proof-of-concept is proposed to select a plant type, integrate data sources, solve models, and tune models for accuracy and tractability.
Solve Production Allocation and Reconciliation Problems using the same NetworkAlkis Vazacopoulos
Production allocation is a business accounting practice used throughout the processing world to proportionately and quantitatively assign measurement error and production expenditures or overheads to internal and external business owners. Reconciliation is a scientific function to vet production data of gross errors or non-random variation if it occurs and to find more precise estimates of the measured values. The consequence of our proposed technique is to allow these two functions the capability to use the same production network or flow-path. Only one model is required to be maintained eliminating the possibility that potentially costly mis-allocation will occur due to business and engineering model-mismatch. Mis-allocation due to measurement errors can still be problematic as we illustrate in an example, but should be reduced over time because of the reconciliation measurement diagnostics.
Stock Decomposition Heuristic for Scheduling: A Priority Dispatch Rule ApproachAlkis Vazacopoulos
Highlighted in this article is a closed-shop scheduling heuristic which makes use of the traditional priority dispatch rule approach found in open-shop scheduling such as job-shop scheduling. Instead of prioritizing and scheduling one job or project (or stock-order) at a time, we schedule one stock or stock-group at a time where a stock-group is a collection of individual stocks and their one or more stock-orders. These stocks can be feed-stocks, intermediate-stocks or product-stocks of which we focus on product-stocks given that most production is demand-driven. A key feature of this heuristic is our ability to compress the production network or superstructure so that only those unit-operations necessary to produce the stocks in question are included in the model thus reducing the size of the problem considerably at each iteration of the heuristic. The stock-specific network compression technique uses what we call a unit-capacity transshipment linear program to successively determine which unit-operations are redundant when making a particular stock. This heuristic is also particularly useful for those process industries that can potentially produce many product-stocks but only a fraction of these are produced within the scheduling horizon whereby the model is significantly reduced at solve time to include only those stocks that are demanded whereby redundant unit-operations are removed. An illustrative example is provided with recycle loops (i.e., stock flow-reversals) and shared units or equipment (i.e., unit flow-reversals) that demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique.
A Nonlinear Integrated Model for Operational Planning of Multi-Site RefineriesAlkis Vazacopoulos
The document presents a nonlinear integrated model for the operational planning of multi-site refineries. The model aims to optimize refinery operations across multiple refinery sites in a unified manner by considering the nonlinear relationships between process variables, yields, properties and operational constraints. The approach integrates operational planning with process models that can account for variations in yields and properties based on operational conditions. This provides a more accurate representation of refinery behavior compared to traditional linear programming models.
Presented in this document is a short discussion on using IMPL’s SLPQPE algorithm to solve process optimization problems in either off- or on-line environments also known as real-time optimization (RTO). Process optimization is somewhat different than production optimization in the sense that there are more “constitutive relations” involving only intensive variables. Both types of optimizations involve “conservation laws” and “correlative equations” which usually involve a mix of extensive and intensive variables (Kelly, 2004). Whereas production optimization deals more with material, meta-material (nonlinear), logic and logistics (discrete) balances (Zyngier and Kelly, 2009 and Kelly and Zyngier, 2015), process optimization is inherently more detailed and includes energy, exergy, momentum, hydraulics, equilibrium, diffusion, kinetics and other types of transport phenomena which involve nonlinear and perhaps discontinuous functions (Pantelides and Renfro, 2012).
A Regularization Approach to the Reconciliation of Constrained Data SetsAlkis Vazacopoulos
This document proposes a new regularization approach to reconcile constrained data sets. The approach assumes unmeasured variables have a finite but equal uncertainty to derive an iterative solution that does not require explicitly computing a projection matrix at each step. This avoids issues when the projection matrix is non-invertible. The method arrives at a minimized solution by reformulating the problem to include an added regularization term for the unmeasured variables. It also provides an alternative way to classify variables without using the projection matrix.
The document provides an overview of Switch Datacenters, including an agenda for a company presentation, details about the company's founding, location, and focus on the TMT sector. It describes the datacenter facilities including power capacity, security features, and carrier neutral connectivity. Services offered include colocation, connectivity, support, and managed services options. Customer references are also listed. The goal is to enable companies to securely house critical IT equipment in a sustainable environment with bespoke solutions and connectivity.
Notável pérola de saber do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, buscando o "fundo" da questão junto ao Instituto de Previdência Municipal de determinada cidade do interior...
O documento descreve as mudanças religiosas na Europa a partir do século XV, incluindo a Reforma Protestante e a Contrarreforma Católica. A Igreja Católica sofreu uma crise após Lutero criticar as indulgências. Isso levou ao surgimento de novas igrejas protestantes e à Contrarreforma Católica para conter o crescimento do protestantismo.
This document discusses the basic shapes of square, circle, rectangle, triangle, semicircle, star, oval, and heart. For each shape, it likely provides a simple definition, picture, or example to teach the reader about the different geometric forms. The overall purpose seems to be to introduce or reinforce knowledge of basic shapes as part of a lesson on shapes and geometry.
Entrevista Wallace Ischaber - Da formação ao mercado, os cenários para o prof...Daniela Mattos
Este artigo traz a entrevista com o profissional de relações públicas Wallace Ischaber, com o objetivo demonstrar alguns caminhos possíveis para o Relações Públicas. Através da trajetória deste profissional, procurar-se-á confirmar a versatilidade e oportunidades propiciadas por esta área da comunicação. Propõe-se ainda a reflexão sobre o perfil profissional e os limites do dito gerenciamento estratégico da comunicação a ela atribuído.
El resumen describe una novela que cuenta la historia de José Antonio Bolívar Proaño, un anciano viudo que vive en El Idilio y disfruta leyendo novelas de amor. Cuando los shuar traen el cuerpo de un estadounidense muerto, el alcalde los acusa injustamente de su asesinato. José defiende a los shuar y descubre que el hombre fue realmente asesinado por una tigresa protegiendo a sus crías. José lidera una expedición para cazar a la tigresa y logra matarla, resolviendo el
Sanjaykumar Singh is a project engineer with over 5.5 years of experience in engineering, management, and leadership. He currently works as an executive engineer at Yokogawa India Limited, where he is responsible for project execution, cost reduction, and relationship building. Previously he has worked for Emerson and other automation firms in design, production, quality control, and project management roles. He has extensive skills in DCS systems, SIS, vibration monitoring, PLCs, SCADA, and communication protocols.
Solve Production Allocation and Reconciliation Problems using the same NetworkAlkis Vazacopoulos
Production allocation is a business accounting practice used throughout the processing world to proportionately and quantitatively assign measurement error and production expenditures or overheads to internal and external business owners. Reconciliation is a scientific function to vet production data of gross errors or non-random variation if it occurs and to find more precise estimates of the measured values. The consequence of our proposed technique is to allow these two functions the capability to use the same production network or flow-path. Only one model is required to be maintained eliminating the possibility that potentially costly mis-allocation will occur due to business and engineering model-mismatch. Mis-allocation due to measurement errors can still be problematic as we illustrate in an example, but should be reduced over time because of the reconciliation measurement diagnostics.
Stock Decomposition Heuristic for Scheduling: A Priority Dispatch Rule ApproachAlkis Vazacopoulos
Highlighted in this article is a closed-shop scheduling heuristic which makes use of the traditional priority dispatch rule approach found in open-shop scheduling such as job-shop scheduling. Instead of prioritizing and scheduling one job or project (or stock-order) at a time, we schedule one stock or stock-group at a time where a stock-group is a collection of individual stocks and their one or more stock-orders. These stocks can be feed-stocks, intermediate-stocks or product-stocks of which we focus on product-stocks given that most production is demand-driven. A key feature of this heuristic is our ability to compress the production network or superstructure so that only those unit-operations necessary to produce the stocks in question are included in the model thus reducing the size of the problem considerably at each iteration of the heuristic. The stock-specific network compression technique uses what we call a unit-capacity transshipment linear program to successively determine which unit-operations are redundant when making a particular stock. This heuristic is also particularly useful for those process industries that can potentially produce many product-stocks but only a fraction of these are produced within the scheduling horizon whereby the model is significantly reduced at solve time to include only those stocks that are demanded whereby redundant unit-operations are removed. An illustrative example is provided with recycle loops (i.e., stock flow-reversals) and shared units or equipment (i.e., unit flow-reversals) that demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique.
A Nonlinear Integrated Model for Operational Planning of Multi-Site RefineriesAlkis Vazacopoulos
The document presents a nonlinear integrated model for the operational planning of multi-site refineries. The model aims to optimize refinery operations across multiple refinery sites in a unified manner by considering the nonlinear relationships between process variables, yields, properties and operational constraints. The approach integrates operational planning with process models that can account for variations in yields and properties based on operational conditions. This provides a more accurate representation of refinery behavior compared to traditional linear programming models.
Presented in this document is a short discussion on using IMPL’s SLPQPE algorithm to solve process optimization problems in either off- or on-line environments also known as real-time optimization (RTO). Process optimization is somewhat different than production optimization in the sense that there are more “constitutive relations” involving only intensive variables. Both types of optimizations involve “conservation laws” and “correlative equations” which usually involve a mix of extensive and intensive variables (Kelly, 2004). Whereas production optimization deals more with material, meta-material (nonlinear), logic and logistics (discrete) balances (Zyngier and Kelly, 2009 and Kelly and Zyngier, 2015), process optimization is inherently more detailed and includes energy, exergy, momentum, hydraulics, equilibrium, diffusion, kinetics and other types of transport phenomena which involve nonlinear and perhaps discontinuous functions (Pantelides and Renfro, 2012).
A Regularization Approach to the Reconciliation of Constrained Data SetsAlkis Vazacopoulos
This document proposes a new regularization approach to reconcile constrained data sets. The approach assumes unmeasured variables have a finite but equal uncertainty to derive an iterative solution that does not require explicitly computing a projection matrix at each step. This avoids issues when the projection matrix is non-invertible. The method arrives at a minimized solution by reformulating the problem to include an added regularization term for the unmeasured variables. It also provides an alternative way to classify variables without using the projection matrix.
The document provides an overview of Switch Datacenters, including an agenda for a company presentation, details about the company's founding, location, and focus on the TMT sector. It describes the datacenter facilities including power capacity, security features, and carrier neutral connectivity. Services offered include colocation, connectivity, support, and managed services options. Customer references are also listed. The goal is to enable companies to securely house critical IT equipment in a sustainable environment with bespoke solutions and connectivity.
Notável pérola de saber do Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo, buscando o "fundo" da questão junto ao Instituto de Previdência Municipal de determinada cidade do interior...
O documento descreve as mudanças religiosas na Europa a partir do século XV, incluindo a Reforma Protestante e a Contrarreforma Católica. A Igreja Católica sofreu uma crise após Lutero criticar as indulgências. Isso levou ao surgimento de novas igrejas protestantes e à Contrarreforma Católica para conter o crescimento do protestantismo.
This document discusses the basic shapes of square, circle, rectangle, triangle, semicircle, star, oval, and heart. For each shape, it likely provides a simple definition, picture, or example to teach the reader about the different geometric forms. The overall purpose seems to be to introduce or reinforce knowledge of basic shapes as part of a lesson on shapes and geometry.
Entrevista Wallace Ischaber - Da formação ao mercado, os cenários para o prof...Daniela Mattos
Este artigo traz a entrevista com o profissional de relações públicas Wallace Ischaber, com o objetivo demonstrar alguns caminhos possíveis para o Relações Públicas. Através da trajetória deste profissional, procurar-se-á confirmar a versatilidade e oportunidades propiciadas por esta área da comunicação. Propõe-se ainda a reflexão sobre o perfil profissional e os limites do dito gerenciamento estratégico da comunicação a ela atribuído.
El resumen describe una novela que cuenta la historia de José Antonio Bolívar Proaño, un anciano viudo que vive en El Idilio y disfruta leyendo novelas de amor. Cuando los shuar traen el cuerpo de un estadounidense muerto, el alcalde los acusa injustamente de su asesinato. José defiende a los shuar y descubre que el hombre fue realmente asesinado por una tigresa protegiendo a sus crías. José lidera una expedición para cazar a la tigresa y logra matarla, resolviendo el
Sanjaykumar Singh is a project engineer with over 5.5 years of experience in engineering, management, and leadership. He currently works as an executive engineer at Yokogawa India Limited, where he is responsible for project execution, cost reduction, and relationship building. Previously he has worked for Emerson and other automation firms in design, production, quality control, and project management roles. He has extensive skills in DCS systems, SIS, vibration monitoring, PLCs, SCADA, and communication protocols.
5. 资料 3 : E.Gorter 和 F.Grendel 对血影的研究
时间: 1925 年
人物:荷兰科学家 E . G o rte r 和 F . G re nd e l
实验:用丙酮从人的红细胞中提取脂质,在空气
— 水
界面上铺展成单分子层,测得单分子
层的面积
结论 细胞膜中的脂质分子必然排列为连续的两层!
恰为红细胞表面积的 2 倍。
:
20. • 1972 年美国 S ing e r 和 Nic o ls o n 提出生物膜的流体
镶嵌模型 , 虽然已经历了 30 年 , 一般认为它在基本方
面仍然是正确的。但当时并未对生物膜结构的不均匀性
给以足够的考虑。 1997 年美国 S imo ns 提出的脂筏和
质膜微囊的概念,这是由鞘脂和胆固醇组成的生物膜的
一种微区结构。通过脂筏和质膜微囊的发现和反复鉴定 ,
表明生物膜应视为由脂质、蛋白质和糖组成的一个不均
匀的超分子体系 , 膜脂以甘油磷脂为主体 , 以鞘脂和胆
固醇为主要成分的大小不一的微区分散在主体中 , 因此
, 整个膜犹如很多微区组成的马赛克,无论主体还是微
区都含数量不等的膜蛋白。因而, S ing e r 和 Nic o ls o n
原来提出的流体镶嵌模型需要有一个较大的修正。鉴于
脂筏和质膜微囊都很小 , 不易在位研究 , 又难以分离纯
化 , 这就需要引进与创立新的方法才能将这方面的研究
引向深入 , 国际上已经尝试将单分子技术等引入脂质微
区的研究 , 这方面需要大力加强。