The presentation discussed limitations with current commodity classification methods and proposed a more fundamental approach. Small-scale testing was being conducted to study upward turbulent fire propagation theory and develop nondimensional parameters. This work would inform experimental approaches and help establish a scientifically valid classification system. Full-scale modeling and testing were envisioned to validate concepts from smaller-scale work. The goal was to improve predictability in fire scenarios and ensure protection levels are based on understanding worst-case fire conditions.
Gollner masters thesis presentation final jan 2010Michael Gollner
This document summarizes a research collaboration studying commodity classification for fire protection purposes. The collaboration includes professors and students from WPI. The research aims to develop a new engineering-based approach to commodity classification using a nondimensional parameter called the B-number. Small-scale experiments are conducted to measure heat release rates and determine B-numbers for different commodities like corrugated cardboard and polystyrene cups. Future work includes developing models to predict flame height, studying correlations with other flammability parameters, and incorporating suppression effects into the B-number framework.
This document summarizes a standard test method for measuring the thermal transmission properties of thermally conductive electrical insulation materials. It describes measuring a material's thermal impedance using a test setup with two parallel isothermal surfaces that impose a temperature gradient on a test specimen in between. Measurements of the surface temperatures and heat flow rate are used to calculate the specimen's thermal impedance and apparent thermal conductivity. The test method can be used to evaluate liquids, gels, rubbers, ceramics, metals and some plastics. Adjusting the clamping pressure and applying thermal grease can help account for interfacial thermal resistance between the specimen and test surfaces.
This document provides advice and information for graduate students from the perspective of Michael Gollner. It discusses topics such as where to study, get coffee, park, and get computer help on campus. It also offers tips for exams, choosing advisers and research projects, finding funding, staying organized, maintaining work-life balance, and knowing when to graduate. The overall document aims to help new graduate students navigate various aspects of student life.
The document summarizes an experimental study on upward flame spread through arrays of wooden matchsticks. It describes the experimental setup used to study flame spread at different matchstick spacings. Graphs show flame spread observations and calculations of ignition time and burnout time based on heat transfer models. The study aims to model small-scale fire spread and contribute to understanding upward flame propagation.
This document summarizes research on the rate of fire spread for inclined surfaces like forest fires and warehouse fires. The researchers measured heat flux profiles, pyrolysis heights, and spread velocities for inclined polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples burning at various angles. Key findings include:
- Maximum spread rates occurred between -30 to 0 degrees, due to heat flux profiles ahead of the pyrolysis zone.
- Maximum mass loss rates occurred near 60 degrees, due to increased heating rates close to the pyrolysis zone.
- Heat flux profiles decayed as a power law function of distance from the pyrolysis zone, with a steeper slope at lower spread rates.
Iafss New Technology Subcommittee Update June, 2013Michael Gollner
The document provides an update from the IAFSS New Technologies Committee from June 2013. It summarizes recent committee activities including starting a LinkedIn group with over 585 members, an online newsletter called Fire Safety Science News that has seen increasing readership, and developing a new IAFSS website. The website features recent news, upcoming events, membership registration, open positions, publications, and the newsletter. It also provides statistics on website usage and membership registrations through the new site.
Gollner masters thesis presentation final jan 2010Michael Gollner
This document summarizes a research collaboration studying commodity classification for fire protection purposes. The collaboration includes professors and students from WPI. The research aims to develop a new engineering-based approach to commodity classification using a nondimensional parameter called the B-number. Small-scale experiments are conducted to measure heat release rates and determine B-numbers for different commodities like corrugated cardboard and polystyrene cups. Future work includes developing models to predict flame height, studying correlations with other flammability parameters, and incorporating suppression effects into the B-number framework.
This document summarizes a standard test method for measuring the thermal transmission properties of thermally conductive electrical insulation materials. It describes measuring a material's thermal impedance using a test setup with two parallel isothermal surfaces that impose a temperature gradient on a test specimen in between. Measurements of the surface temperatures and heat flow rate are used to calculate the specimen's thermal impedance and apparent thermal conductivity. The test method can be used to evaluate liquids, gels, rubbers, ceramics, metals and some plastics. Adjusting the clamping pressure and applying thermal grease can help account for interfacial thermal resistance between the specimen and test surfaces.
This document provides advice and information for graduate students from the perspective of Michael Gollner. It discusses topics such as where to study, get coffee, park, and get computer help on campus. It also offers tips for exams, choosing advisers and research projects, finding funding, staying organized, maintaining work-life balance, and knowing when to graduate. The overall document aims to help new graduate students navigate various aspects of student life.
The document summarizes an experimental study on upward flame spread through arrays of wooden matchsticks. It describes the experimental setup used to study flame spread at different matchstick spacings. Graphs show flame spread observations and calculations of ignition time and burnout time based on heat transfer models. The study aims to model small-scale fire spread and contribute to understanding upward flame propagation.
This document summarizes research on the rate of fire spread for inclined surfaces like forest fires and warehouse fires. The researchers measured heat flux profiles, pyrolysis heights, and spread velocities for inclined polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples burning at various angles. Key findings include:
- Maximum spread rates occurred between -30 to 0 degrees, due to heat flux profiles ahead of the pyrolysis zone.
- Maximum mass loss rates occurred near 60 degrees, due to increased heating rates close to the pyrolysis zone.
- Heat flux profiles decayed as a power law function of distance from the pyrolysis zone, with a steeper slope at lower spread rates.
Iafss New Technology Subcommittee Update June, 2013Michael Gollner
The document provides an update from the IAFSS New Technologies Committee from June 2013. It summarizes recent committee activities including starting a LinkedIn group with over 585 members, an online newsletter called Fire Safety Science News that has seen increasing readership, and developing a new IAFSS website. The website features recent news, upcoming events, membership registration, open positions, publications, and the newsletter. It also provides statistics on website usage and membership registrations through the new site.
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
Efficient PHP Development Solutions for Dynamic Web ApplicationsHarwinder Singh
Unlock the full potential of your web projects with our expert PHP development solutions. From robust backend systems to dynamic front-end interfaces, we deliver scalable, secure, and high-performance applications tailored to your needs. Trust our skilled team to transform your ideas into reality with custom PHP programming, ensuring seamless functionality and a superior user experience.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART INDIA MATKA KALYAN SATTA MATKA 420 INDIAN MATKA SATTA KING MATKA FIX JODI FIX FIX FIX SATTA NAMBAR MATKA INDIA SATTA BATTA
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...Niswey
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
But wait. What happens when you fully integrate your WhatsApp campaigns with HubSpot?
That's exactly what we explored in this session.
We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPTFreelance
Business analysis - Prescriptive analytics Introduction to Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive Modeling
Non Linear Optimization
Demonstrating Business Performance Improvement
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
Efficient PHP Development Solutions for Dynamic Web ApplicationsHarwinder Singh
Unlock the full potential of your web projects with our expert PHP development solutions. From robust backend systems to dynamic front-end interfaces, we deliver scalable, secure, and high-performance applications tailored to your needs. Trust our skilled team to transform your ideas into reality with custom PHP programming, ensuring seamless functionality and a superior user experience.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
AI Transformation Playbook: Thinking AI-First for Your BusinessArijit Dutta
I dive into how businesses can stay competitive by integrating AI into their core processes. From identifying the right approach to building collaborative teams and recognizing common pitfalls, this guide has got you covered. AI transformation is a journey, and this playbook is here to help you navigate it successfully.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART INDIA MATKA KALYAN SATTA MATKA 420 INDIAN MATKA SATTA KING MATKA FIX JODI FIX FIX FIX SATTA NAMBAR MATKA INDIA SATTA BATTA
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...Niswey
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
But wait. What happens when you fully integrate your WhatsApp campaigns with HubSpot?
That's exactly what we explored in this session.
We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPTFreelance
Business analysis - Prescriptive analytics Introduction to Prescriptive analytics
Prescriptive Modeling
Non Linear Optimization
Demonstrating Business Performance Improvement
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
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“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2. Collaboration
Theory & Data Analysis
Forman Williams Michael Gollner
UC San Diego UC San Diego
Small-Scale Testing Ali Rangwala Kris Overholt Cecelia Florit
WPI WPI WPI/University of
Marsielle, France
Jonathan Perricone
Schirmer Engineering
Corporate Sponsor
2
3. Presentation Overview
Current Commodity Classification Limitations
A Fundamental Approach Towards Classification
Upward Turbulent Fire Propagation Theory
Nondimensional Parameters
Experimental Approach
Conclusion and Future Recommendations
3
4. Recent Loss Case Example
2007 – Tupperware storage
warehouse fire*
15,392m2 warehouse burned
24 hours to extinguish fire
Sprinklers met state & local
requirements including NFPA 13
Significant property losses have
Once plastic became involved occurred in the United States as
fire was uncontrollable recent as 2007 as a result of such
shortcomings.
Building was a total loss (Photo: Georgetown Country
Fire, Dept., Hemingway, SC)
*The Problem with Big, NFPA Journal, March/April 2009
4
5. Recent Loss History
2006 – Fire destroys warehouse, vehicles at UPS
facility*
2002 – Storage Warehouse Fire Phoenix, Az.+
2001 – Supermarket Fire in Phoenix, Az.‡
1998 – Warehouse fire in Tempe, Az.‡
1996 – Lowes store fire in Albany, Ga.‡
*Arizona News briefs. Fire destroys warehouse, vehicles at UPS facility. Newspaper. Mar. 28, 2006.
+Duval, R. F. Fire Investiagtion Report - Storage Warehouse - Phoenix, AZ. Quincy, MA : National Fire
Protection Association, 2002.
§Duval, R. F. and Foley, S. N. Fire Investigation: Supermarket Fire, Phoenix Arizona, March 14, 2001. Quncy,
MA : National Fire Protection Association, 2002.
‡Harrington, J. L. Lessons Learned from Understanding Warehouse Fires. Fire Protection Engineering.
Winter, 2006. 5
7. Aspects of Material Flammability
Ignition
Fire Growth
Burning Intensity
Extinction/Suppression
Generation of Smoke & Toxic Compounds
7
8. Warehouse
Fire
Protection
Model
*Zalosh, R. G., Industrial Fire Protection
Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, 2003
8
9. Current Commodity Classification
Current classification methods use ranking scheme (Class I-IV,
Group A-C Plastics) based upon the free-burning heat-release
rate of a given fuel
Intermediate-scale measurements of this parameter are used
as the cornerstone for fire suppression design in modern
storage facilities
The sprinkler industry identifies a database of full-scale fire
tests as validation for this approach
There is a lack of detailed measurements associated with
performance analysis of these tests. Full-scale fire tests are
typically judged in terms of pass/fail with great significance
attached to subjective observations
9
10. Current Commodity Classification
NFPA and FM Global recognize their classification
schemes at the very best can only provide a preliminary
indication of relative flammability*
These results can be misleading and dangerous!
European (CEN) standards classify commodities into 4
groups much like NFPA 13, but there are contradictions
between these categories*
Repeatability cannot even be explored - extensive large-
scale testing is too expensive*
*Zalosh, R. G., Industrial Fire Protection Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, 2003
10
12. Why have a fundamental approach?
Fire scenarios will become more predictable
Scientifically verifiable results from testing
Moves towards guaranteed protection because the
worst case fire conditions and suppression or
extinction requirements can be better estimated
12
13. Our Approach
Current Research Large/Full Scale
Intermediate Modeling
Scale Testing
(Proof of (Proof of concept)
Small Scale Testing concept)
Commodity type
classification
Cone Calorimeter testing Engineering Approach to Commodity
Classification
13
15. Stage 1 – Laminar Case
Boundary layer
B is a function of:
1. Corrugated board
Buoyant Plume
Plume Radiative +
Convective Heat Transfer
Commodity
Excess
Combusting Plume
Flame Radiative +
Pyrolyzate Convective Heat Transfer
Pyrolysis Zone flame XF
mF
(~ 20 to 25 cm Laminar
XP Flame Propagation)
• Flame height <25 cm
Y-axis
• Unrealistic in fire situation Corrugated board
• Study important because
provides physical understanding of the problem 15
16. Stage 2 – Turbulent Case Buoyant Plume
Plume Radiative +
Boundary layer Convective Heat Transfer
B is a function of:
1. Corrugated board Combusting Plume
2. Commodity pyrolysis vapor Flame Radiative +
Convective Heat Transfer
Excess
Pyrolyzate
Commodity
mF
Pyrolysis XP XF
(Turbulent flame height >25 cm)
Zone
• Flame height >25 cm flame
• Realistic fire situation
• Cardboard still intact Y-axis
Corrugated board
16
17. Buoyant Plume
Plume Radiative +
Convective Heat Transfer
Stage 3 – Mixed Case
Combusting Plume
Flame Radiative +
B is a function of: fla Convective Heat Transfer
(from pool and wall fire)
1. Corrugated board me
2. Commodity pyrolysis vapor
3. Commodity Excess
Pyrolyzate
Commodity
XF Boundary layer
Corrugated
Solid/Liquid
board m
F Pool fire
Pyrolysis
Zone
• Flame height >25 cm
• Realistic fire situation
m F Pyrolysis
• Cardboard breaks Zone Y-axis
Commodity leakage
17
18. Theory
•The B-number is a ratio that compares a summation of the various
impetuses (i.e. heat of combustion) for burning to a summation of
the various resistances (i.e. heat of vaporization) to the process.
“Thermodynamic Efficiency”
•It can be described in relation to a mass-loss rate of a commodity
which can be measured in a laboratory
[1]
•Solving for B and using several other well-known heat transfer
relations a formula for estimating an average B-number based on
mass loss is
[2]
[1] Kanury, A. M. An Introduction to Combustion Phenomena. s.l. : Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, Inc, 1977.
[2] M.J. Gollner, T. Hetrick, A. S. Rangwala, J. Perricone, and F. A. Williams. Controlling Parameters Involved in the Burning of
Standard Storage Commodities: A fundamental approach towards fire hazard classification. 6th U.S. National Combustion
Meeting, 2009.
19. Flame Height Theory
•Using theory given by Annamali & Silbulkin [2], the expected flame
height for a vertically oriented material can be found by using a B-
number and constant material and air properties
[1,2]
•A procedure to perform this calculation is found in reference [1]
[1] Overholt, K., Gollner, M.J., Rangwala, A.S. Characterizing flammability of corrugated cardboard using a
cone calorimeter. 6th US National Combustion Meeting of the Combustion Institute. May, 2009.
[2] Annamalai, K. and Sibulkin, M. Flame spread over combustible surfaces for laminar flow systems. Part I & II:
Excess fuel and heat flux. 1979, Combust. Sci. Tech., vol. 19, pp. 167-183. 19
20. Cone Calorimeter Results
Flame heights measured in the
small-scale cone calorimeter
tests are compared to the
predicted flame heights
calculated by A&S model. The
shaded area represents the
flame heights from the cone
tests. The dashed line shows the
predicted flame heights from
the model using an average B-
number from 2 cardboard tests.
The dark circles represent the
predicted flame heights from
previous literature (0.8)
Overholt, K., Gollner, M.J., Rangwala, A.S. Characterizing flammability of corrugated cardboard using a cone
calorimeter. 6th US National Combustion Meeting of the Combustion Institute. May, 2009. 20
21. Cone Calorimeter Results
Flame heights from FM
experiments are compared to
predicted flame heights
calculated by the A&S model.
The shaded area represents the
flame heights from the FM
tests. The dashed line shows the
predicted flame ehgiths from
the model using an average B
number from the 4 cardboard
tests. The dark circles represent
flame heights using a B-number
from previous literature (0.8).
Overholt, K., Gollner, M.J., Rangwala, A.S. Characterizing flammability of corrugated cardboard using a cone
calorimeter. 6th US National Combustion Meeting of the Combustion Institute. May, 2009. 21
22. Commodity Test Results
Measured vs. Predicted Flame Heights
150 B=1.26 B=0.7 B=1.41 Predicted flame
height from Group-A
Flame Height (cm)
Region with
plastic commodity
Transition
cardboard region
using A&S data.
100 front face
burning
•Blue dotted lines are
predicted flame heights
50 Region with
cardboard & •Red x’s denote measured
PS burning flame heights
0
0 50 100 150 200
Time (s)
22
24. Nondimensionalization
Nondimensionalization is the removal of units from a
mathematical equation by a suitable substitution
of variables
This technique can simplify and parameterize problems
where measured units are involved
Useful in scaling analyses (small-scale to full-scale)
For Example:
Reynolds number is a nondimensional parameter
24
26. Parameters Involved in Study
Fire Propagation
Fire Propagation Index (FPI)
Ignition
Critical Heat Flux (CHF)
Burning Rate
B-number
A nondimensional form will allow useful scaling
analyses of these parameters
26
27. Fire Propagation Index
Fire propagation Index, FPI is proportional to the square
root of the flame spread velocity
FPI is nondimensionalized by the regression velocity, VR of
the material: qfHg
VR
FPI is expressed as a nondimensional parameter of the
form FPI FPI
FPI
*
qfHg / VR
27
28. Calculations of FPI*
VR
Material FPI [(m/s)1/2] FPI*
[m/s.10-5]
Polymethylmethacrylate
31 3.2 5.5
(PMMA)
Polypropyelene (PP) 32 3.7 5.3
Polystyrene (PS) 34 4.2 5.2
Polyethylene (PE) 28 3.2 4.9
Polycarbonate (PC) 14 1.4 3.7
Wood Slab (Doug Fir) 14 4.1 2.2
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) 7 1.5 1.8
* Data for calculations taken from SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Fourth Edition. 28
29. Critical Heat Flux
The Critical Heat Flux is the minimum flux applied to a
material that will cause it to ignite [W/m2]
CHF can be nondimensionalized by means of a maximum
heat-release rate, HRR [W/ m2] of the commodity
CHF
CHF *
HRR
29
30. The B-number
Spalding’s B-number, or Mass Transfer Number
Derived directly from governing equations for combustion
Dimensionless ratio that compares a summation of the
various impetuses (i.e. heat of combustion) for burning to
a summation of the various resistances (i.e. heat of
vaporization to the process. “Thermodynamic Efficiency”
B-number can be found experimentally from burning rate*
h
mf
ln(B 1)
Cg
*Kanury, A. M., Introduction to Combustion Phenomena. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York. 1975 30
31. Nondimensional Parameters
Non-Dimensional FPI used to quantify flame spread
FPI FPI = Fire Propagation Index
FPI* ρ = Flame Density
qfHg /
∆Hg = Heat of gasification
qf‘’ = Feedback flux
Non-Dimensional Flux to quantify heating flux from the
burning commodity
CHF
CHF * CHF = Critical Heat Flux (flux which will cause material to
HRR ignite)
HRR = Average heat-release rate of material
H f YO , Cg (T TB ) B-number to characterize burning rate
B CHF = Critical Heat Flux (flux which will cause
L C l (TB TR ) material to ignite)
HRR = Average heat-release rate of material
31
33. Experimental
Setup- Cone
Tests
Overholt, K., Gollner, M.J., Rangwala, A.S. Characterizing flammability of corrugated cardboard using a cone
calorimeter. 6th US National Combustion Meeting of the Combustion Institute. May, 2009. 33
35. Cone Testing
35
*Cone calorimeter work conducted by K. Overholt, WPI
36. Experimental Setup:
Small-Scale Test
Class III
Commodity
Group-A Plastic
Commodity
Standard Group-A Plastic Commodity
Polystyrene cups in compartmented cardboard carton
36
37. Picture of Experimental Setup
WPI, Summer 2008
TC wires
Heat flux sensors
Back View Front View
37
42. Cone Calorimeter Results
Average B numbers found
Cardboard: B ≈ 1.78
Polystyrene (PS): B ≈ 2.76
Cardboard with PS Backing: B ≈ 4.41
Values are preliminary data
Cardboard values approximately double previously
reported values
When used to predict flame heights, B-number values for
cardboard match test data
42
43. Commodity Test Results
30 s 92 s 100 s 132 s 150 s
Front Face of Cardboard
Plateau PS Cups & Cardboard
Burning
Burning
44. Commodity Test Results
m
f PS cups
burning
(g/m2s)
Measured mass loss 1
rate during the Packing
material Extinction
experiments. After 0.8 (cardboard)
120s the PS cups
started burning and 0.6 Front face of
cardboard
test was terminated. burning
0.4
0.2
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time from Ignition [s]
44
45. Commodity Results – Mass Loss Mass Loss Rate, Test 1 Mass Loss Rate, Test 2
0.016 0.016
Mass Loss Rate [kg/m2]
Mass Loss Rate [kg/m2]
0.014 0.014
0.012 0.012
0.01 0.01
0.008 0.008
0.006 0.006
0.004 0.004
0.002 0.002
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time from Ignition, [s] Time from Ignition, [s]
Mass Loss Rate, Test 3 Mass Loss Rate, Test 4
0.018 0.018
0.016 0.016
Mass Loss Rate [kg/m2]
Mass Loss Rate [kg/m2]
0.014 0.014
0.012 0.012
0.01 0.01
0.008 0.008
0.006 0.006
0.004 0.004
0.002 0.002
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
45
Time from Ignition, [s] Time from Ignition, [s]
46. Commodity Results – Mass Loss B-number, Test 1 B-number, Test 2
5 5
4.5 4.5
4 4
3.5 3.5
3 3
B
B
2.5 2.5
2
Average B 2
1.5 1.5
1 1
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Time from Ignition, [s] Time from Ignition, [s]
B-number, Test 3 B-number, Test 4
5 5
4.5 4.5
4 4
3.5 3.5
3 3
B
B
2.5 2.5
2 2
1.5 1.5
1 1
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Time from Ignition, [s] Time from Ignition, [s]
46
47. Commodity Test – Measured
Values
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4
Average MLR (g/s): 2.97 3.88 2.54 4.15
Average B number: 0.60 0.82 1.33 1.26
Median B number: 0.31 0.51 1.01 0.47
StdDev for B: 0.64 0.87 2.59 1.94
Average B-
number 1.2595
47
49. Warehouse
Fire
Protection
Model
*Zalosh, R. G., Industrial Fire Protection
Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, 2003
49
50. Conclusions
A new method of hazard ranking is introduced in this study based on
nondimensional parameters: B, FPI*, and CHF*
In a warehouse setting, where the burning rate is the dominant fire
hazard, the B-number may appropriately classify the hazard of a
grouped commodity – especially if we can correlate FPI* and CHF*
with B
These parameters can be determined by small-scale laboratory tests
The B-number can be calculated by the Cone Calorimeter and/or
grouped commodity tests
FPI* can be determined using current testing methods by incorporating
parameters already measurable on the NIST LIFT apparatus
CHF* could possibly be determined by testing of a single grouped
warehouse commodity
50
51. Conclusions
These parameters are nondimensional and in preliminary
tests show good correlations to full-scale test data
The economic advantage of predicting full-scale
performance with small-scale experiments may be an
impetus for a significant evolution in the field of fire
protection engineering.
51
There has never been a test on a plastic tote!There were plastic totes insidethe warehouse.In-rack has been suggested as a solution… - Increasing suppression for all materials requires a method of almost literally removing all Oxygen. Some warehouses might as well be built underwater.
Mentoin environmental impacts of warehoues fires as well – such as in Sweden….
Discuss how each of these plays a role in
“Both Factory Mutual and NFPA realize that their generic classification schemes are more valuable for providing a preliminary indication of relative flammability than a firm irrefutable determination.” – Zalosh pg. 131i.e. A highly hazardous material may only be moderately hazardous in Europe, and vice versa.
Approach to classify commodities starts with laboratory tests on single commodities, then mid-scale tests on mixed commodities, and eventually full-scale validation. Once full scale validation is accomplished, only laboratory tests will be required in the future.
Mf is the mass loss rate per unit area per unit time, all other variables are constants in this case. They depend on the properties of air and the material.
Xp is the pyrolysis height, and the flame height is found using phi.
This does depend on densityDifferent density papers lightweight heavywheight in 13 and how this is effected.
Conce Calorimeter single sheet cardboard test (identical to single sheet polystyrene & polystyrene backed cardboard tests)
Cone calorimiter tests were conducted on single-cell setups, double-cell setups (as shown above), as well as individual materials.Data will be showed later individually for cardboard, polystyrene, and mixed setups.
One small piece of a big project.To get to a point to accurate equations to calculate in the design phase this is what we have to go through.