Hip hop began in the Bronx in the 1970s and has four main elements - rapping, DJing, breaking, and graffiti writing. It gave young minorities a voice and way to deal with hardships through dance and art. While early hip hop promoted peace, modern hip hop messages have changed and include more negative themes. Street dances associated with hip hop culture include b-boying, locking, popping, krumping, tutting, shuffling, and waacking.