Cooperative A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economyijtsrd
The pandemic economy is an economy inflicted with deadly disease or plague such as the corona virus disease 2019 COVID 19 . The economy is characterized with setbacks in social and economic activities including deaths as a result of the deadly disease. This study therefore examined the COVID 19 Pandemic its meaning, origin and the need to overcome the pandemic. The paper described how global, regional and national cooperation can help overcome the pandemic using cooperative as a platform. However, considering the economic, social and environmental challenges of the pandemic, this paper contends that the cooperative model of enterprise has in recent time proven to be more sustainable and reliable platform for social and economic transformation in the Nigerian economy in the pandemic era for some obvious reasons The paper posited that the government and donor agencies have relied on cooperative in fighting hunger and poverty. The cooperative has also been relied upon for achieving national food security programme. Institutions both educational and other agencies are setting up one form of cooperative organization or the other for solving their social and economic needs. Research has also shown that many micro business owners rely on cooperative group membership for their business growth. Today, the cooperative ideals are spread across all sectors of the economy even without much publicity. Most importantly the pandemic made thousands if not millions of people informal members of cooperative organization in an effort to survive the vicious attack of the pandemic. The paper concludes that it is imperative that a clear cut cooperative sector that will serve as a professional and institutional base for cooperative growth and development in Nigeria be established. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzochukwu, Lebechukwu David | Akwaekwe, Christian Ikechukwu "Cooperative: A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/50361/cooperative-a-positive-growth-driver-in-a-pandemic-economy/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
Cooperative A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economyijtsrd
The pandemic economy is an economy inflicted with deadly disease or plague such as the corona virus disease 2019 COVID 19 . The economy is characterized with setbacks in social and economic activities including deaths as a result of the deadly disease. This study therefore examined the COVID 19 Pandemic its meaning, origin and the need to overcome the pandemic. The paper described how global, regional and national cooperation can help overcome the pandemic using cooperative as a platform. However, considering the economic, social and environmental challenges of the pandemic, this paper contends that the cooperative model of enterprise has in recent time proven to be more sustainable and reliable platform for social and economic transformation in the Nigerian economy in the pandemic era for some obvious reasons The paper posited that the government and donor agencies have relied on cooperative in fighting hunger and poverty. The cooperative has also been relied upon for achieving national food security programme. Institutions both educational and other agencies are setting up one form of cooperative organization or the other for solving their social and economic needs. Research has also shown that many micro business owners rely on cooperative group membership for their business growth. Today, the cooperative ideals are spread across all sectors of the economy even without much publicity. Most importantly the pandemic made thousands if not millions of people informal members of cooperative organization in an effort to survive the vicious attack of the pandemic. The paper concludes that it is imperative that a clear cut cooperative sector that will serve as a professional and institutional base for cooperative growth and development in Nigeria be established. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzochukwu, Lebechukwu David | Akwaekwe, Christian Ikechukwu "Cooperative: A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/50361/cooperative-a-positive-growth-driver-in-a-pandemic-economy/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
Impact of Covid-19 on Sectors of Indian Economy and Business Survival StrategiesDr. Amarjeet Singh
The entire world is in the clutch of Coronavirus. The dissemination of the virus is so colossal that it compelled the World Health Organisation (WHO) to declare it as pandemic. The outbreak of the virus has unprecedented implications on the global economy. Severe economic burden and grave consequences have to be borne by the Indian industries in this backdrop of declining economic situation due to coronavirus. Thus, this article is intended to study the repercussions of coronavirus on different sectors of Indian economy and to highlight the reasons for which India can be benefitted in the post pandemic period and mainly to specify the business survival strategies which is the key to overcome this tough situation.
Digital Disruption Due To COVID-19 In Life Sciences SectorPranay Kumar
Digital disruption is the process of transformation initiated by innovative digital technologies and business models that reshape the value proposition of existing products and services within an industry.
Impact of COVID 19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeriaijtsrd
This paper is a timely examination of the novel Corona Virus Covid 19 that is currently ravaging the entire world. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of this global pandemic on the aviation sector in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is basically qualitative, explorative and analytical in nature, involving the use of secondary data via journal publications, government official documents, health authorities’ data and internet materials. This due to the fact that the virus is novel and very recent. The study found out that the Covid 19 pandemic has thrown the entire global economic, political and social systems into turmoil. The Nigerian economy and aviation sector in particular, has been in a meltdown, which had been thrown into a huge crisis. Some of the negative impacts of the scourge on the Nigerian aviation industry include closure of airports and banning of flights, increasing industry debt profile, negative impact on tourism, increased competitive pricing and severe loss of jobs. In terms of future prognosis, it will be quite a while before the sector recovers and whenever it re opens, the most immediate visible change will be social distancing, touch less travel with passengers needing to be fit to travel. The turnaround time for local and international travels will increase as aircraft will be need to sanitize each time the planes land. Furthermore, there will be increased movement towards the digital space and most of the flight operations will be on digital platforms. Siyan, Peter | Adegoriola, Adewale E | Agunbiade, Olabode "Impact of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31787.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/31787/impact-of-covid19-on-the-aviation-industry-in-nigeria/siyan-peter
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that is already having devastating impacts on the world economy – both directly and through necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease. These impacts are also being felt by the food and agriculture sector. While the supply of food has held up well to date, in many countries, the measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus are starting to disrupt the supply of agrofood products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders. The sector is also experiencing a substantial shift in the composition and – for some commodities – the level of demand. How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutrition and the livelihoods of farmers, fishers and others working along the food supply chain will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium and long term. In the short term, governments must manage multiple demands – responding to the health crisis, managing the consequences of the shock to the economy, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the food system. While the pandemic poses some serious challenges for the food system in the short term, it is also an opportunity to accelerate transformations in the food and agriculture sector to build its resilience in the face of a range of challenges, including climate change.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that is already having
devastating impacts on the world economy – both directly and through
necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease. These impacts
are also being felt by the food and agriculture sector. While the supply of
food has held up well to date, in many countries, the measures put in place
to contain the spread of the virus are starting to disrupt the supply of agrofood products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders.
The sector is also experiencing a substantial shift in the composition and –
for some commodities – the level of demand.
How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutrition and
the livelihoods of farmers, fishers and others working along the food supply
chain will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium
and long term. In the short term, governments must manage multiple
demands – responding to the health crisis, managing the consequences of
the shock to the economy, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the food
system. While the pandemic poses some serious challenges for the food
system in the short term, it is also an opportunity to accelerate
transformations in the food and agriculture sector to build its resilience in
the face of a range of challenges, including climate change
Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in la...SubmissionResearchpa
The effect of COVID-19 has negative consequence which has been an invisible enemy raging the entire world populace leading to a global economic crisis. Business across the globe are feeling the negative outcome of the COVID 19 pandemic threatening their ongoing economic daily activities. SMEs in Nigeria are not left out in the share of this negative pandemic, limiting their survival existence. The shutdown of economic activities has greatly affected SMEs in Nigeria. This has led to employees under SMEs lose their jobs. It was concluded that adequate measures needs to be taken by government to cushion the negative effect of COVID 19 in collapsing the existence of SMEs. by Aribisala, and Oluwadamilare Olufolarin 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in lagos state. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 62-68. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.490. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490/467 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490
Some research done on the pandemic and made a ppt. It is useful. In the slide there some information about the travel-loving people, the tourist guide and their today's life. Sources are collected mostly from news channel.
As we explore the links between COVID-19 and climate change, we can only say that knowledge is power and responsible behaviour is the solution. Stay informed, stay safe and act.
Economic Impact of the Post Covid- 19 Era : Assessment and Mitigation Chinnasamy Muthuraja
Presented at National Seminar on " Economic Impact of Digital Marketing under Atmanirbhar Bharat in The Post Covid Era" organised by the Department of Economics, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu , India on 23-04-2022
Globalization has altered the way we live and earn a livelihood. Consequently, trade and travel have been recognized as significant determinants of the spread of disease. Additionally, the rise in urbanization and the closer integration of the world economy have facilitated global interconnectedness. Therefore, globalization has emerged as an essential mechanism of disease transmission. This paper aims to examine the potential impact of COVID-19 on globalization and global health in terms of mobility, trade, travel, and countries most impacted.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Impact of Covid-19 on Sectors of Indian Economy and Business Survival StrategiesDr. Amarjeet Singh
The entire world is in the clutch of Coronavirus. The dissemination of the virus is so colossal that it compelled the World Health Organisation (WHO) to declare it as pandemic. The outbreak of the virus has unprecedented implications on the global economy. Severe economic burden and grave consequences have to be borne by the Indian industries in this backdrop of declining economic situation due to coronavirus. Thus, this article is intended to study the repercussions of coronavirus on different sectors of Indian economy and to highlight the reasons for which India can be benefitted in the post pandemic period and mainly to specify the business survival strategies which is the key to overcome this tough situation.
Digital Disruption Due To COVID-19 In Life Sciences SectorPranay Kumar
Digital disruption is the process of transformation initiated by innovative digital technologies and business models that reshape the value proposition of existing products and services within an industry.
Impact of COVID 19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeriaijtsrd
This paper is a timely examination of the novel Corona Virus Covid 19 that is currently ravaging the entire world. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of this global pandemic on the aviation sector in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is basically qualitative, explorative and analytical in nature, involving the use of secondary data via journal publications, government official documents, health authorities’ data and internet materials. This due to the fact that the virus is novel and very recent. The study found out that the Covid 19 pandemic has thrown the entire global economic, political and social systems into turmoil. The Nigerian economy and aviation sector in particular, has been in a meltdown, which had been thrown into a huge crisis. Some of the negative impacts of the scourge on the Nigerian aviation industry include closure of airports and banning of flights, increasing industry debt profile, negative impact on tourism, increased competitive pricing and severe loss of jobs. In terms of future prognosis, it will be quite a while before the sector recovers and whenever it re opens, the most immediate visible change will be social distancing, touch less travel with passengers needing to be fit to travel. The turnaround time for local and international travels will increase as aircraft will be need to sanitize each time the planes land. Furthermore, there will be increased movement towards the digital space and most of the flight operations will be on digital platforms. Siyan, Peter | Adegoriola, Adewale E | Agunbiade, Olabode "Impact of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31787.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/31787/impact-of-covid19-on-the-aviation-industry-in-nigeria/siyan-peter
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that is already having devastating impacts on the world economy – both directly and through necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease. These impacts are also being felt by the food and agriculture sector. While the supply of food has held up well to date, in many countries, the measures put in place to contain the spread of the virus are starting to disrupt the supply of agrofood products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders. The sector is also experiencing a substantial shift in the composition and – for some commodities – the level of demand. How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutrition and the livelihoods of farmers, fishers and others working along the food supply chain will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium and long term. In the short term, governments must manage multiple demands – responding to the health crisis, managing the consequences of the shock to the economy, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the food system. While the pandemic poses some serious challenges for the food system in the short term, it is also an opportunity to accelerate transformations in the food and agriculture sector to build its resilience in the face of a range of challenges, including climate change.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis that is already having
devastating impacts on the world economy – both directly and through
necessary measures to contain the spread of the disease. These impacts
are also being felt by the food and agriculture sector. While the supply of
food has held up well to date, in many countries, the measures put in place
to contain the spread of the virus are starting to disrupt the supply of agrofood products to markets and consumers, both within and across borders.
The sector is also experiencing a substantial shift in the composition and –
for some commodities – the level of demand.
How damaging these impacts turn out to be for food security, nutrition and
the livelihoods of farmers, fishers and others working along the food supply
chain will depend in large part on policy responses over the short, medium
and long term. In the short term, governments must manage multiple
demands – responding to the health crisis, managing the consequences of
the shock to the economy, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the food
system. While the pandemic poses some serious challenges for the food
system in the short term, it is also an opportunity to accelerate
transformations in the food and agriculture sector to build its resilience in
the face of a range of challenges, including climate change
Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in la...SubmissionResearchpa
The effect of COVID-19 has negative consequence which has been an invisible enemy raging the entire world populace leading to a global economic crisis. Business across the globe are feeling the negative outcome of the COVID 19 pandemic threatening their ongoing economic daily activities. SMEs in Nigeria are not left out in the share of this negative pandemic, limiting their survival existence. The shutdown of economic activities has greatly affected SMEs in Nigeria. This has led to employees under SMEs lose their jobs. It was concluded that adequate measures needs to be taken by government to cushion the negative effect of COVID 19 in collapsing the existence of SMEs. by Aribisala, and Oluwadamilare Olufolarin 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in lagos state. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 62-68. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.490. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490/467 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490
Some research done on the pandemic and made a ppt. It is useful. In the slide there some information about the travel-loving people, the tourist guide and their today's life. Sources are collected mostly from news channel.
As we explore the links between COVID-19 and climate change, we can only say that knowledge is power and responsible behaviour is the solution. Stay informed, stay safe and act.
Economic Impact of the Post Covid- 19 Era : Assessment and Mitigation Chinnasamy Muthuraja
Presented at National Seminar on " Economic Impact of Digital Marketing under Atmanirbhar Bharat in The Post Covid Era" organised by the Department of Economics, Kamaraj College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu , India on 23-04-2022
Globalization has altered the way we live and earn a livelihood. Consequently, trade and travel have been recognized as significant determinants of the spread of disease. Additionally, the rise in urbanization and the closer integration of the world economy have facilitated global interconnectedness. Therefore, globalization has emerged as an essential mechanism of disease transmission. This paper aims to examine the potential impact of COVID-19 on globalization and global health in terms of mobility, trade, travel, and countries most impacted.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
191524.pptx
1. A Presentation
On
National and International Issue
Course No.: Econ 3208
Course Title: Current Economic Affairs – Fieldwork and Studio
Submitted to
Dr. Shahnewaz Nazimuddin Ahmed
Professor
&
Sazia Ahmed
Assistant Professor
Economics Discipline
Khulna University, Khulna
Submitted by
Md. Sumon Ali
Student No.: 191524
Year: 3rd, Term: 2nd
Economics Discipline
Khulna University, Khulna
1
2. 1.1 Introduction
The first case of COVID-19 was reported on December 31 in 2019
at Wuhan in China.
Bangladesh confirms first three cases of coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) March 8 in 2020 & further spread of the virus
expected over the near term.
COVID-19 pandemic is apprehended to have serious health and
economic implications.
Corona virus is found to be one of the most dangerous and
disruptive disease so far in human history.
1. National Issue: Socio-economic Crisis Due to
COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception in Bangladesh
2
3. 1.2 Lockdown Imposes Heavy Economic Costs
Bangladesh’s GDP is estimated to have fallen by 29% during the
country’s lockdown compared to a no-COVID scenario.
Food system is adversely affected by falling consumer & export
demand
National poverty rate increases by 25% during the lockdown.
Almost 42 million more people temporarily living below the
national poverty line.
Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to the worst effects of job
and income loss, with those living in urban areas experiencing an
average income loss of 23 percent.
3
4. The COVID-19 pandemic is creating an unprecedented economic
crisis for the global economy, including Bangladesh.
Export earnings of Bangladesh reached USD 46.36 billion in 2019,
which was 15.32 percent of GDP. However, the outbreak of
COVID-19 pandemic slashed the country's export by 16.23 percent
in 2020.
The impact of COVID-19 on the economy of Bangladesh is being
transmitted through two main channels:
i. Disruption of domestic demand and supply in the local
economy and
ii. Slowdown in global economic activity affecting global trade
and international financial flows.
1.3 Economic Impact of COVID-19
4
5. 1.4 Sectors Affected by Lockdown…
Sector Lockdown Restrictions in Targeted Regions
Agriculture
Farming activities exempted (essential sector)
Movement restrictions occurred just after planting for
winter crops
Limited extension visits to farms, suspended
development projects
Manufacturing
Food processing & medicines exempted
Movement restrictions affected many operations
Nonfood producing companies closed
Wholesale &
retail trade
services
Retailers of essential goods exempted, with limited
trading times
Social distancing restrictions affected market activity
Transportation Air travel closed; cargo transport exempted
Inter-district passenger transit closed
Urban passenger transit reduced 5
6. 1.4 Sectors Affected by Lockdown
Sector Lockdown Restrictions in Targeted Regions
Education services
All public schools closed without much scope for online
delivery
All private schools closed with some online materials
Health services Health services exempted (essential)
Elective operations reduced but rising number of COVID
patients
Export demand
Reduced international tourism & business travel
Lower export demand for mineral exports
Lower export demand for agricultural, other products
Remittances
Decline in value of remittances sent by nationals working
abroad
Government
revenues
Fall in tax revenues due to decline in economic activity
6
7. GDP falls,
Incomes falls
Poverty Raise
Direct
impacts
1.5 Framework for Analyzing COVID-19
Global Impact Due to
Lockdowns
Indirect
impacts
Domestic Impact Due to
lockdowns
• Export demand reduce
• Remittances & migration
falls
• Foreign direct
investments falls
•Agriculture
•Mining & crude oil
•Manufacturing
•Utilities (energy, water)
•Construction
•Whole & retail trade services
•Transportation
•Hotels & food services
•Banking, finance & insurance
•Professional & business services
•Public administration
•Education services
•Health & social services
•Sports & entertainment
•Community & other services 7
8. 2. International Issue: Consequences of Climate
Change: Evidence from the Global Crisis
Climate change is an undeniable environmental threat of the 21st
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCC) defines "climate change as a change directly or indirectly
attributable to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere over a comparable period of time.“
Scientific research describes that the net climate change will be
driven largely by atmospheric greenhouse gases. The catastrophic
consequences of climate change threaten our food availability.
2.1. Introduction
8
9. 2.2 Causes of Climate Change
Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have released large
amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere, which has changed the earth’s climate. There are some
reasons of climate change-
i. Solar Variation
ii. Volcanic eruptions
iii. Greenhouse gases
iv. Deforestation
v. Agriculture
vi. Burning of fossil fuels
vii. Industrial processes
viii.Coal mining
9
11. 2.2 Impact of Climate Change
The largest impact of climate change is that it could wipe off up to
18% of GDP off the worldwide economy by 2050 if global
temperatures rise by 3.2°C.
i. Rise in sea level
ii. Heavy rainfall across the globe
iii. Extreme drought
iv. Decline in crop productivity
v. Ecosystem are changing
vi. Hurricanes
vii. Rise in temperature
11
12. Climate change is likely to affect each country’s economies
differently. Poorer countries whose economies are largely
dependent on agriculture are likely to be the worst hit, ADB says.
The Maldives is likely to be worst hit in the middle of the century,
followed by Nepal and Sri Lanka and so on.
But the economic impact of climate change can be constrained if
global emissions are curbed.
ADB’s analysis suggests that if countries implement policies to
curb global warming to two degrees above pre-industrial levels –
the internationally agreed goal – the region could stand to lose
around 2.5 percent of GDP annually in 2100.
2.3 Economic Impact of Climate Change…
12
14. References
14
1. Ali I. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: making sense of rumor
and fear. Med Anthropol. doi: 10.1080/01459740.2020.1745481
2. Anner, M. (2020).The Impact of Covid-19 on Workers and
Businesses at the Bottom of Global Garment Supply Chains. State
College, Pennsylvania, Center for Global Workers’ Rights
3. Doza, M.B., Shammi, M., Bahlman, L., Islam, T., and Rahman,
M.M. (2020). Psychosocial and Socio-Economic Crisis in
Bangladesh Due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perception-Based
Assessment, doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00341
4. Alexandrov, V.A., Hoogenboom, G. (2000). The impact of climate
variability and change on crop yield in Bulgaria. Agric. Forest
Meteorol. 104, 315–327
5. Debay T. (2010). The impact of climate change in Africa. Institute
for Security Studies. Paper 220.