185_Info_Tech_Research_Group___2019_CIO_Trend_Report.pptx

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Become a Leader in the Loop
REPORT
2019 CIO TREND
A transition to an outcome-based organization

Introduction
EXECUTIVE BRIEF
2
2019 CIO TRENDS / Info-Tech Research Group
In 2019 and beyond the CIO will be asked to deliver much more: as a business partner, a trusted
technology advisor and a key driving force in the present and future relevance of their organization. The
pressure is on to become more a than a supplier of services and executor of projects.
As the business’s technological steward, the CIO must help their organization adopt emerging
technologies with an eye to their long-term impact. The CIO must educate their organization about new
ways to deploy existing technology, enabled by changes in the technology landscape. Finally, the CIO
must help their organization grow, not just operationally, but as a service provider that puts customers
at the forefront.
Accomplish this by becoming a leader in the loop. Use Info-Tech’s approach to emerging technology
to take a strategic position when it comes to trend adoption.

What is the loop?
EXECUTIVE BRIEF
31
Output
Digital Twin
Input
User-Facing AI
Control
Blockchain 2.0
Process
Robotics
“The loop” describes the steps for getting from a starting point to a
result. Throughout human history, objectives and operations follow
“the loop.” The loop consists of four parts: input, process, control,
and output. Each of these components is connected to a technology
from the 2019 CIO Trend Report.
Input: The materials, commands, and data
that will be used to derive a finished
product.
User-Facing AI: The automation of user
and/or customer-facing tasks to decrease
the burden on human support service
providers while increasing user
satisfaction.
Process: The steps taken to study, synthesize,
break down and reconstruct the inputs into a
finished product.
Robotics: Encompasses robotic process automation
(RPA), the automation of virtual or clerical
processes with software “taskbots” and robotic
automation of physical tasks by machines.
Output: The result of the previous three
stages presented in a way that is
actionable to the stakeholder.
Digital Twin: The creation of digital
models of real-life objects using data from
sensors on the objects themselves.
Control: Ensures the right information is
transferred to the right stakeholders in relation to
the finished product.
Blockchain 2.0: A “distributed ledger” that
removes reliance on a single master copy of a
digital record by storing multiple duplications of
the record on different devices.

EXECUTIVE BRIEF
2019 CIO TRENDS / Info-Tech Research Group 4
The increased proliferation and sophistication of technology means
there are more choices than ever for your business. Leadership in
the loop is about providing stewardship in the learning and
adoption of new technologies.
Providing leadership in the loop is not easy for an IT leader. To
become a leader in the loop, the CIO must learn about changes in
the technology environmental, adopt emerging technology
strategically, and grow by delivering on outcomes – both business
and human.
What is leadership in
the loop?

How do you become a leader in the
loop?
Focus technology adoption efforts on technologies that can stack together. Throughout history, technologies have stacked together to create new
use cases that multiplied the benefits of the individual technologies. This report explores how technologies from Info-Tech’s trend report last year
have combined to create new use cases.
Adopt emerging technology
Learn about technologies that will impact the business and social environment. These are shifts that change the way we deploy and
use other technologies. A leader in the loop must learn about them and foresee the impact they will have. This report explores three
technologies that will have profound impact on the business and social environment in the next several years.
Learn about changes in the technology environment
EXECUTIVE BRIEF
5
The cost of technology has exceeded its benefit when it begins to harm resilience, experience & trust for the use. A leader in the loop
adopts new technologies based on their impact not just on business outcomes, but human outcomes as well. This report examines
business and human outcomes and how they shape technological adoption.
Grow by delivering on outcomes

Digital Ethics
6
5G
Learn about changes in the technology
environment
Dapps
Digital ethics concerns the social impact of digital data
collection and analysis. Although regulation of consumer
data is not a new concept, recent years have seen a
proliferation of unprecedented use cases, which have
pushed the boundaries of both existing legislation and
customer expectations.
5G is the name for the latest generation of mobile communication
technology, offering improved speeds, reliability and connectivity
over its predecessor, 4G. The promise of 5G is a gateway into a fully
interconnected world. No more buffering before a video loads;
instantaneous sync of large volumes of data; the ability to connect
hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously and have them
interact, in a virtual environment, with minimal latency.
Dapps (Pronounced "DEE-Apps") is an application running its
back-end on a decentralized peer-to-peer network. In a
traditional app, the app calls an API to grab your data from a
database and display them. In a Dapp, there is no central
database. Instead data are stored on a decentralized network of
peers - such as a blockchain. On the front-end, a Dapp is no
different than any application that you can download right now.
EXECUTIVE BRIEF

7
Adopt emerging technology
A trend towards secure tracking of data generated in
the physical world using decentralized ledgers. By
adding blockchain technology to a digital twin or
sensor on a physical world object, careful and
secure tracking is enabled.
By combining the accessibility of user-facing AI and
digital twin technology, this trend will allow users to peer
into the details of an IoT object. Imagine looking at an
airplane engine with your AR goggles and seeing the
last date of maintenance, the mileage, the serial number
– all available at a glance.
Autonomous swarms comprise many robots that together
accomplish a task each individual robot cannot. Robot swarms
can exist without blockchain. However, adding blockchain
pushes the technology past a critical threshold of security and
reliability, which makes it suitable for deployment in many of the
currently hypothetical use cases
Digitized Serialization The
Digital World
Autonomous
Swarms
EXECUTIVE BRIEF

8
Key
Business
Outcomes
These trends have impacts on
business outcomes. They have
the potential to change internal
processes and external
positioning within industry.
Efficiency
Intelligence
Scale
The ability of the technology to use fewer resources to
accomplish the same amount of output or more.
The ability of the technology to leverage organizational outputs
to make processes smarter and more efficient.
The ability of the technology to quickly increase capacity.
EXECUTIVE BRIEF

Key
Human
Outcomes Trust
Experience
Resilience
9
The extent to which the technology improves trust between
parties.
The extent to which the technology improves user experience
by making something easier, simpler, more fun or faster.
The extent to which the technology helps people and
organization quickly recover when a negative event has
occurred, or prevent negative events altogether.
It is not enough to think about
business outcomes. Leaders in
the loop must also consider
human outcomes: how
technologies will impact the
humans and societies they
interact with.
EXECUTIVE BRIEF

10
How to read this report
ADOPT
Emerging Technologies
LEARN
Changes in Technology Environment
Description
A description of the different technology environment shifts
and what they entail.
Signals and
Drivers
A summary of events, observed behaviors, and underlying
forces that are driving these shifts.
Critical
Uncertainties
A description of the key unknowns that will shape the impact of
these technological shifts.
Scenario
Analysis
An analysis of the possible outcomes of these technological
changes based on the critical uncertainties.
ITRG Resources
A list of ITRG resources that will assist your organization in
understanding these environmental changes and what they
mean for your business.
Description A description of the technologies and what they can achieve.
Benefits
A summary of the benefits that could be achieved from a
business and human perspective from the successful adoption
of these technologies.
Dependencies
A summary of the technological pre-requisites needed to make
adoption of the technologies more widespread.
Case Study
A real-life example of how the technology is currently being
applied in industry.
Info-Tech
Resources
A collection of Info-Tech material that will assist your
organization with understanding, and adopting the emerging
technologies.
EXECUTIVE BRIEF

Learn
Changes in Technology Environment

Digital Ethics
The Future of Data

Digital Ethics
Digital ethics concerns the social impact of digitization driven by emerging technology. It covers
questions from digital data collection and analysis to consumer information privacy and algorithmic
bias in artificial intelligence. Although regulation of consumer data is not a new concept, recent years
have seen a proliferation of unprecedented use cases that have pushed the boundaries of both
existing legislation and customer expectations.
In response to increasing consumer awareness, businesses have shifted from a reactive approach to
digital ethics, driven by emerging legislation, to a proactive stance aimed at addressing customer
concerns directly.
Businesses are doing 3 things:
• Finding the ethical boundary of sufficient data mining without overstepping privacy boundaries
• Establishing a viewpoint on digital ethics and making it public to consumers
• Ensuring compliance with existing and anticipated regulations and concerns
As ethical considerations increasingly shape consumer spending habits, taking a stance on data ethics
and privacy is shifting from a logistical consideration to a key facet of an organization's business
model. IT's role in enabling the business's digital ethics strategy thus shift from supportive to
transformative.
DIGITAL ETHICS
31
€739
billion
The value of the European data aconomy by
2020.
Source: European Commission
(European Data Market Study 2017)
The Future of Data

Signals and
Drivers
DIGITAL ETHICS
14
Increasing digitization is making the use of
digital services increasingly necessary. In
2005 Facebook was only for college
students. As we enter 2019, it has become
the only way many of us keep in touch with
distant friends and relatives.
Live chat is coming to the forefront as the
communication channel driving the most
customer satisfaction (at 73%), followed by
email (61%). Non-digital media trails far
behind with the phone (41%)1.
As avoiding a digital footprint has become
increasingly inconvenient for the consumer,
awareness is rising about the fate of our
digital data.
We generate more data than ever, and it is an invaluable resource for businesses. This has given rise to
the data economy faster than regulation has been able to keep with it. This unregulated, high-risk high-
reward scenario of data capture has created a volatile field of consumer awareness.
Consumers appreciate the benefits data mining affords them, such as personalized product
recommendations, but are often unaware of the true privacy costs, or the extent to which their data are
collected. When this comes to their attention, as, for example, with the Cambridge Analytica scandal or the
Equifax data breach, the reaction can be explosive, with serious consequences for the businesses involved.
This has made it impossible for businesses to remain complacent, continuing existing data handling
practices until regulation demands change. Customer backlash can create serious repercussions even
before any regulation is passed, and industry leaders are taking a proactive stance on digital ethics.
1.9
billion
Number of users whose data
is held by Facebook
Source: Cracked Labs
820
million
Number of people whose data is
held by Equifax
1
billion
Number of mobile users with
data held by Oracle
1 Source: eDigitalResearch

Critical Uncertainties
DIGITAL ETHICS
30
The advent of GDPR demonstrates the trajectory of the data economy towards stricter regulation. The outstanding question is how regulated
it will become. Several aspects of data privacy regulation need to be considered. These unresolved questions will affect how future
regulations mirror or differ from GDPR:
• Degree to which customer consent is needed to repurpose data
• Restrictions on how data will be stored (impacts blockchain, re right to be forgotten)
• Restrictions on how data can be used (impacts AI, re right to explanation, repurposing of data)
• Degree of compliance of subcontracted vendors/degree of expectation of responsibility for their data handling
• Geographical extent re globalization
• Customers' willingness to trade privacy for service - since regulation follows consumer sentiment, the degree to which consumers are
willing to trade in privacy will have a big hand in shaping future regulation. This is an unknown because digital privacy concerns are only
beginning enter widespread awareness, and public opinion has not yet had a chance to crystallize.
Restrictiveness of Data Regulations
The way in which the above regulations will impact your business directly depends on the degree to which you deal - or may deal in the
future - with customer data. Exponential growth in the artificial intelligence and machine learning sectors, as well as the growing availability of
these powerful data mining tools to non-experts, means that your business's data collection strategy today could expand exponentially
tomorrow, changing the way you relate to data privacy regulation.
Degree of Data Collection for Your Use Case
"We can achieve both
great artificial
intelligence and great
privacy standards. It is
not only a possibility
— it is a
responsibility.”
- Tim Cook
(MacRumors, 2018)

Opportunity: Collecting minimal customer data is itself an asset in an age
of concern over privacy and digital ethics. Businesses should not miss the
opportunity to leverage their position with customers by making their limited data
usage transparent.
Risk: With advances in AI and the advent of the data economy, businesses
who stop looking for opportunities to leverage customer data in ethical and
regulation-compliant ways risk falling behind the competition.
Regulation
Restrictiveness:
High
Data Collection:
Low
Data Collection:
High
Regulation
Restrictiveness:
Low
Opportunity: Permissive regulation allows businesses to get maximum
value from customer data, and businesses who are able to collect such data at
scale will be the best positioned to benefit from permissive regulation.
Risk: Regulation follows consumer sentiment, and businesses pushing the
edges of existing regulation risk becoming the example that tips customer
concerns over the edge, risking reputation in the process.
Scenario Analysis
DIGITAL ETHICS
35
Opportunity: Businesses who collect minimal data can leverage their de
facto privacy orientation to build consumer relationships even (and especially)
when such restrictiveness is not legally mandated. This is an opportunity for
businesses to position themselves as being customer-centric by going above and
beyond regulatory demands.
Risk: In an unregulated data economy, competitors will be making every
possible use of customer data, and decisions to forego this should be made
mindfully with an eye toward the gain to customer relationships. Keeping an eye
on consumer sentiment would allow businesses to continue developing their data
strategy in an ethical way, staying prepared in case of regulatory changes down
the road.
Opportunity: Businesses who are at the forefront of handling customer
data in an age of high regulation will be in a position to become leaders in the
privacy movement and leverage regulation compliance to cement customer
relationships.
Risk: Compliance with regulation becomes more difficult and expensive
with increasing potential for data collection, and the opportunity for failure is
high. With more restrictive regulation, the costs of failure rise as well, and
businesses will be looking at investing considerable resources into regulation
compliance, or risk high fines both financially and socially.

HOW WE HELP
17
Recommendation:
Businesses who are currently not making data privacy and ethics a priority should shift orientation to do so.
Digital ethics is a rising concern in the eyes of consumers and regulators alike, and the worst position to be in
is to be caught unawares when regulations change.
Businesses who are well within current and future regulations, either through strict compliance or a lack of
invasive data collection should not miss the opportunity to leverage this with their customers, positioning
themselves as customer-centric in the data economy.
Businesses on the cutting edge of the data economy have the most vested interest in the development of
digital privacy regulations, and should therefore not miss the opportunity to get involved in the conversation.
Keep up to date with national and international regulations, attend conferences and keep an eye on
recommendations put forth by future-thinking organizations such as the Institute For The Future.
Making adjustments to data practices today puts businesses in a position to become thought leaders in the
field, leverage their ethical practices to build customer relationships, and be prepared for upcoming regulatory
restrictions.
Existing Research:
• Get up to speed with current privacy regulation by Fast Tracking Your GDPR Compliance Efforts
• Discover and Classify Your Data to understand the risks surrounding your customer data
• Position IT to Support and Be a Leader in Open Data Initiatives to get ahead of the game on transparency
and public trust
DIGITAL ETHICS
28
Info-Tech
Resources

5G Networks
Unprecedented Connectivity

5G
Networks
5G is the name for the latest generation of mobile communication technology, offering improved
speeds, reliability and connectivity over its predecessor, 4G. The promise of 5G is a gateway into a
fully interconnected world. No more buffering before a video loads; instantaneous sync of large
volumes of data; the ability to connect hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously and have them
interact, in a virtual environment, with minimal latency.
5G will act as an enabling technology for any application that relies on the remote transfer of data,
such as cloud computing. One of the key innovations 5G will bring is unprecedented connectivity with
the cloud. With the ability to transfer huge volumes of data in an instant, users will be able to augment
devices with limited computing power, such as cell phones, with computing performed in the cloud, in
real time.
Beyond physical connections: 5G will also transform infrastructure. As wireless communication
reaches the speeds offered by wired connectivity, the reliance on a physical connection between
devices or users will decrease. This will pave the way to truly global connectivity.
5G
31
$326
billion
By 2025, 5G infrastructure spend is expected to
exceed
Source: Moor Insights & Strategy
Unprecedented Connectivity

Signals and
Drivers
5G
20
Major mobile manufacturers are gearing up to
capitalize on the 5G rollout. US
telecommunications providers have started
building the necessary infrastructure and
announced planned deployment of 5G in
select cities. And in the US, regulation is
starting to be put in place around 5G
infrastructure and costs.
Expanding IoT and Cloud drive the need for a faster mobile network. The growing adoption of mobile broadband services
has created a need for an expanded network capable of supporting the massive amounts of data put into motion by
business-to-consumer and business-to-business applications. Further, with the increasing expansion of the Cloud and
cloud-based computing, there is a rapidly growing need for data virtualization, as well as IoT and machine-to-machine
wireless communication.
These needs are rapidly outpacing the capabilities of current LTE speeds, creating an opportunity for 5G to enable faster
innovation and more widespread adoption of new technologies that rely on wireless communication.
Source: Cisco
0
10,000,000
20,000,000
30,000,000
40,000,000
50,000,000
60,000,000
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Mobile
Data
Traffic
(TB
per
month)
Total Mobile Data Traffic

5G
30
5G brings with it an unprecedented degree of interconnectivity, meaning that more services than ever will be sharing the same wireless
network. While this can open opportunities in the IoT space, it also necessitates regulation around prioritizing critical services such as
medicine, public services such as self-driving taxis, and other business services. It is not yet known how this balance will be achieved, and
will vary depending on your use case.
This uncertainty hinges on several considerations: the actual technology used to enable 5G speeds, and the speed and degree to which
critical services come to rely on mobile communications.
5G speeds can be achieved through a number of technological means, some relying purely on existing infrastructure and some requiring
the deployment of new technologies that take advantage of new spectrum bands. Depending on the route taken in your geographic
location, this will result in different competition for bandwidth between public and private, as well as essential and discretionary, services.
The faster essential services like remote surgery develop, the faster the 5G bandwidth will reach capacity, necessitating prioritization of
services. This competition, in turn, will drive legislative considerations and may limit the kind or extent of deployment private businesses
can make.
Restrictiveness of Regulation on Bandwidth Sharing
Current LTE infrastructure is not yet at its capacity for providing mobile speeds, and therefore represents the first step in a gradual 5G
rollout. In most areas, this gradual rollout will pave the way to eventual infrastructure overhauls needed to take advantage of emerging
mobile technology that will expand 5G capacity. The speed of this changeover for your use case will influence your degree of greenfield or
brownfield development, which in turn influences the resources you need to invest in development, interoperability with other providers'
solutions and speed of adoption by consumers.
Brownfield vs Greenfield Development for Your Use Case
“Not all traffic is created equal.
In the 5G future, mission-
critical apps such as remote
surgery will have to take
priority over other traffic. There
will need to be a regulatory
regime that allows the service
provider to create services that
are differentiated based on
user experiences.”
- Börje Ekholm, CEO, Ericsson
(PCMag, 2018)

Opportunity: Building on existing infrastructure can save on resources. A
highly regulated environment means that competitors are limited in their ability to
get an edge by offering vastly broader functionality.
Risk: Legislation can impose significant limits on your use of 5G, limiting the
services or technology you are able to provide. Being further constrained by slow
rollout of new infrastructure can further reduce the speed of development or
adoption, delaying the maximum benefit of 5G for your use case.
Legislative
Limits:
High
Technological
Development:
Brownfield
Technological
Development:
Greenfield
Legislative
Limits:
Low
Opportunity: With low restrictions from both regulation and technology,
you are in a position to make transformative use of 5G, developing solutions
highly customized to your use case.
Risk: Greenfield development can lead to fragmented technologies that don't
integrate well into a wider IoT network. This can create hurdles in developing or
complying with a common technological standard and can slow adoption by
consumers.
Scenario Analysis
5G
35
Opportunity: Your solutions can be highly targeted to meet your use
case needs while complying with legislative restrictions.
Risk: Typical greenfield issues like technological fragmentation apply.
Additionally, regulations are likely to evolve over time, so not only can they
limit what you are able to accomplish, this constraint can change over time,
necessitating more custom developments to meet the changing regulations.
Opportunity: Making use of existing technology and infrastructure can
save on costs and speed up adoption by consumers. Building on existing
common standards can also facilitate interoperability, which increases the power
of IoT networks.
Risk: Existing infrastructure can impose constraints that limit the technology's
applications even when permitted by legislation. This is particularly problematic if
competitors are able to develop greenfield solutions in a low-regulation
environment.

23
Recommendation:
Since the benefits of 5G can be readily anticipated even before the technology is fully adopted, take this
opportunity to clearly define your use case and determine where it falls in the opportunity/risk quadrants.
Being aware of possible limitations in advance, such as needing to integrate legacy technology, can help you
budget both resources and time more accurately.
When determining the impact of 5G speeds on your business case, consider:
• The processes and services most likely to benefit from increased speed and connectivity
• The steps and resources required to update and expand these processes
• Possible obstacles and potential solutions for overcoming them
Existing Research:
• Future-proof your business by Modernizing Your Data Center
• Learn about 5G Networks and their applications in Energy and other industries through our Premium
Industry Coverage research notes
Info-Tech
Resources
5G
28

Dapps
Decentralized Applications

Dapps
Dapps (Pronounced "DEE-Apps") is an application running its back-end on a decentralized peer-to-
peer network. In a traditional app, the app will call an API to grab data from a data base and display
them. In a Dapp, a smart contract connects the front-end to a blockchain. On the front-end, a Dapp is
no different than any application that you can download from the app store.
Additionally, a Dapp must have all four of the following properties:
• Open source: The source code is open to the public. It operates autonomously, no entity controls
it. Consensus of its users decides proposed improvements.
• Decentralized storage: The application's data and records of operation must be cryptographically
stored in a public, decentralized blockchain.
• Token use: Tokens provide access to the application and provide a reward to validators of the
transactions.
• Consensus mechanism: The application must follow a cryptographic algorithm acting as a proof
of value (e.g. Proof of Work). Any and every decision within the Dapp is subject to this
cryptographic algorithm, which safeguards against bad actors.
DAPPS
31
475%
Growth in the number of Dapps built since June
2017
Source: “StateoftheDapps” (2018)
Decentralized Applications

Signals and
Drivers
DAPPS
26
The main driver for Dapps is platform
centralization. In software, the best indicator
of the success of a platform is the number of
developers that support it. The platform with
the most and best developers will always win.
In the case of Dapps, Ethereum has a
significant lead on every platform in terms of
developers and developer tools.
Ethereum now has an estimated developer
community of ~250,000. 94 of the top 100
blockchain projects were launched on the
Ethereum blockchain.
Similar to the competition between IoS and Android in the late 2000s, a larger developer base will
influence the rate that which apps are developed and published. In 2018 there are 724,000 Google Play
developers vs. 494,000 iOS developers. This growth in google play developers is also reflected in the
number of apps produced.
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
New Apps released each year
iOS Google Play

“It doesn’t matter if a blockchain
can do a thousand transactions
per second or a million
transactions per second – no
single blockchain will be fast
enough to handle all the world’s
decentralized applications on the
same chain.”
- James Martin Duffy (“Ethereum
Will Be the Backbone of the New
Internet”)
DAPPS
30
Another platform may become a hub for blockchain developers in the near future. Ethereum has competition. It's competitors are known as
"Ethereum-Killers," and strive to address issues with the Ethereum platform. Currently, EOS, Cardano, and NEO are some of the platforms
positioning to challenge Ethereum.
In the future, there is uncertainty as to how much platform centralization will occur. A supermajority of development could occur on one of the
platforms listed above. As well, development can also become more decentralized and be spread amongst the platforms.
Platform Centralization
No matter how scalable a platform is, it will not be able to run all of the Dapps that will be created. Based on the current capabilities of
platforms there will be a threshold for Dapp activity before the platform becomes overloaded. Successfully scaling Dapps transactions will
require sidechains. Sidechains are an emerging mechanism that allows tokens and other digital assets from one blockchain to be securely
used in a separate blockchain. The asset can be transferred back if needed. A sidechain will use a consensus mechanism that will support
a high number of transactions per second (TPS) and low latency. This side chain can process the "day-to-day" transactions that occur on the
Dapp, whereas the main chain can store core user information and tokens of value.
For example, in a Dapp video game, the "main chain" will store important character data and account balances. Whereas the side chain will
record the smaller transactions that occur day-to-day in the game. The critical uncertainty remains in the number of Dapps that will populate
a platform. The number of Dapps will dictate the level of scalability required to operate the Dapp on the platform and the requisite work
needed to build sidechains.
Scalability

Opportunity: This allows for organization to build their solutions onto the
platform without the use of sidechains. If the correct platform is selected, this is
the shortest route for the organization to create a usable Dapp that meets
scalability standards.
Risk: Picking the right platform in which to invest development resources will
be paramount. Furthermore, scalability may increase in the future. The
organization may be caught flat-footed trying to ramp up side chain capability if
this were to occur.
Platform
Centralization:
Centralized
Scalability
Requirement:
Low
Scalability
Requirement:
High
Platform
Centralization:
Decentralized
Opportunity: Ample investments will guarantee strong applications
across multiple platforms. Providing users with a wide array of possible options
for which platforms to choose.
Risk: Dilution of resources can easily occur. Development needs to happen
on multiple chains and "layer 2" content will have to be built for multiple chains.
Development on different chains will require different programming skills.
Maintaining the quality of the end product would be difficult.
Scenario Analysis
DAPPS
35
Opportunity: Picking the right blockchain platform ("main chain") will
allow the organization to get a head start on the competition. The organization
can focus on building "layer 2" content on top of the blockchain platform such
as interfaces and sidechains.
Risk: Picking the right main blockchain is paramount to success. If a chain
is picked and a supermajority of development is occurring on another platform
then "layer 2" development may be stunted by lack of developer talent.
Opportunity: Opportunity to develop on multiple "main chains" and store
most of the key data on those main chains guarantees a heighted level of
security.
Risk: Low data quality can also be an issue if there is a lack of viable "join"
chain vendors (e.g. Polkadot, Cosmos). These "join" chain vendors are similar to
TCP/IP, which connected the different pieces of the internet together. Blockchain
platforms today are not connected. Without this integration, building Dapps on
multiple platforms will result in disjointed and low quality data.

HOW WE HELP
29
Recommendation:
Info-Tech recommends to consistently monitor the state of each platform in the space. Key platforms for
building Dapps include Ethereum, EOS, Cardano, and NEO. This is not an exhaustive list of platforms, but a
highlight of some of the top platforms that are competing for developers and market share. Info-Tech
recommends your organization to perform additional research on each of these platforms to understand their
unique value propositions.
The blockchain technology space is fast-moving. Info-Tech recommends to first develop use cases for Dapps
within your organization. This means your organization should assess if a blockchain or peer-to-peer back-
end would be beneficial for existing applications in the organization. Leverage Info-Tech's research on
Blockchain to assess its applicability in your organization and to assist your team with developing use cases.
Existing Research:
• Read the blueprint Demystify Blockchain: How Can It Bring Value to Your Organization? to understand
blockchain technology, its benefits, and whether the technology is a good fit for your organization.
• Grasp how blockchain ecosystems currently operate with The Backend of Blockchain.
• Go the Extra Mile with Blockchain to explore its disruptive potential in the transportation and logistics
industry.
• Identify security and regulation issues with Understanding Regulation with Blockchain Technology.
Info-Tech
Resources
DAPPS
28

Adopt
Emerging Technologies

Digitized
Serialization
Secure Data Tracking

Digitized
Serialization
Digitized Serialization is a trend toward careful, secure tracking of data generated in the physical world.
It goes beyond simply recording and analyzing the data. By adding blockchain technology to the
process, careful and secure tracking is enabled. Who has accessed the data, who has changed the
data and who has added data can all be discerned. This tracking capability breaks down organizational
walls. Before, data could only be securely shared within organizational boundaries. With blockchain
technology, data generated in the physical world can be shared with anyone that is part of the
business network, without relying on high levels of pre-established trust between the parties.
Each organization may be apprehensive to sharing that data fearing a myriad of risks. By being part of
the blockchain network, each organization can take comfort in the fact that any digital twin data they
share will be enhanced by blockchain technology. Blockchain technology provides additional security,
immutability, and transparency, to all data shared on the network.
Digitized Serialization is the combination of two trends previously discussed by Info-Tech. Digital twin
and Blockchain. Digital twin refers to the creation of digital models of real-life objects using data from
sensors on the objects themselves. Blockchain is a distributed computing principles that removes
reliance on a single master copy of digital record by keeping a "Distributed ledger."
“Security and trust are essential
to building an ecosystem and
attracting stakeholders who are
set to interact with each other
on a common platform.”
31
DIGITIZED SERIALIZATION
Source: Deloitte, IoT Powered by
Blockchain (2018)
Secure Data Tracking

Removal of
Intermediaries
33
Faster Transactions
Digitized Serialization – Business Benefits
Lower Cost of Trade
Intermediaries within a process add cost, processing time
and potential for error. By allowing the secure automation
of many of these steps, blockchain leads to a great gain in
efficiency.
Digitization of assets introduces the possibility of robotic automation, greatly
increasing the speed of processing. By securing this automation on the
blockchain, Digitized Serialization makes it suitable for a greater range of
processes.
Secure, digital automation saves on costs. By
removing costly intermediaries, reducing the
potential for error and the need for time consuming
verification steps, and upping the volume of
transactions.

Data
Integrity
34
Record
Auditability
Digitized Serialization – Human Benefits
Peer-to-peer
Collaboration
By encoding data captured by the digital twin onto the
blockchain, the physical world object can be monitored
and it can be guaranteed that the all the data captured are
verifiable. This is especially important for predictive
maintenance modelling.
Blockchain technology provides a 'certificate of trusted origin'
for physical world goods that is moved around the business
network. Crypto tags can be attached to goods to provide an
immutable serialization for that specific asset. When they tags
are tampered with or removed and the asset can be seen as
spoiled or invalid.
A mechanism that allows two or more network participants in a
decentralized platform to interact with each other directly. P2P trading of
digital twin data improves the communication between parties in a
business network. Transmitting production, consumption, and storage
availability data directly from the digital twin removes human errors. P2P
trading is a significant improvement on data sharing because of the
increased trustworthiness of data from digital twin and blockchain
technology.

Digitized serialization can only be adopted if there is a willing business network, i.e. a group of
businesses that would benefit from sharing their Digital Twin data in a more secure manner.
Furthermore, to truly harness the benefit of the underlying technology in this trend, the trust in the
business work must be limited. If there is already full trust, there is no compelling need to utilize
blockchain technology.
In the business network, the chosen blockchain platform will need to be integrated into business
processes. Furthermore, employees and/or customers will also have to be prepared for the changes
the platform will usher in. Every member of the network will have to train its employees and customers
on the specifics of the chosen platform. Only when every member pulls their weigh will the platform
yield equal information from everyone, incentivizing each member to continue to contribute.
Business network creation
Blockchain platform integration
Platform protocol selection
The right choice of platform protocol (e.g. Ethereum, EOS, NEO, Hyperledger, etc.) will be important for
the partners of the network. Currently, the sharing of data works only when all of the partners are on
the same platform. Furthermore, scalability will also be a major factor into selecting the right platform.
Business networks should monitor updates from each protocol to keep up to date on scalability
changes.
Key
Dependencies
For Digitized Serialization to be
successfully adopted into a business
network requires a tight match between
the business process to be digitized, the
platform it will be moved to, and the
current users’ transition to the new format.

Situation
• Healthcare information is typically stored in a
variety of disparate locations. A complete
record of a patient is often spread across
multiple systems.
• This results in no one party having a complete
picture of the patient, creating inefficiencies in
the system. Issues include care providers not
having the correct information when diagnosing
patients and increased waiting times for both
patients and staff.
Case Study
Industry:
Healthcare, Technology
36
Context
Helix3 Technologies Inc. is a healthcare technology company focused on giving consumer health,
clinical, and genomic data meaningful use.
Helix3 accomplishes this mission by leveraging blockchain and digital twin technology.
User data is uploaded onto Helix3's blockchain, creating a digital twin of the user. This digital twin is
referred to as a Helix Twin. The Helix Twin's consolidated user data allows the user to share
personalized medical information with healthcare professionals. Each party in the network (patients,
medical processionals etc.) has a unique identity on the Helix3 platform.
As members connect to the network, this allows the Helix Twin to gather all the disparate pieces of
patient data into a single, comprehensive digital twin. These pieces include medical records,
genome data, health insurance information, fitness tracking, etc.
User data is secured with blockchain technology. This enhances the ability of the data to be shared
throughout the business network. Additionally, this blockchain provides a history of access and
modification to patient data, enhancing security.
Helix3 outlines numerous use cases. One example involves longitudinal records. A longitudinal
record is a patient's history of treatment and/or illnesses. Currently, 54% patients go to their primary
health clinician when there is an issue. This results in other physicians not having a complete
record of patient treatment history, which slows down the treatment process. With the Helix3 app,
patient longitudinal data is uploaded and added to the Helix Twin, controlled by the patient, and
accessible to healthcare providers in a timely manner.
Source: Belleville & White

HOW WE HELP
37
Recommendation:
Various blockchain organizations (e.g. AION, Cosmos, Polkadot) offer solutions to merge data from different
blockchain platforms together. Similar to what the TCP/IP protocol did for the internet, these blockchain
organizations are looking to connect the separate platforms together. Business networks should continue to
monitor developments in this area. Adoption of these solutions could allow different partners in the network to
use different platforms, enhancing adoption by allowing organizations to work on platforms where they have
the most familiarity. Platform differentiation, therefore, will be a great advantage to organizations that are able
to harness it first.
Existing Research:
• Review the CIO Trend Report 2018 to get an overview Digital Twin and Blockchain trends.
• Read the blueprint Double Your Organization's Effectiveness With a Digital Twin to gain additional
background knowledge on digital twin technology.
blockchain technology, its benefits, and whether the technology is a good fit for your organization.
Info-Tech
Resources
28

Digital World
Immersive Analytics

Digital World
Imagine a world where it is commonplace to put on your augmented reality (AR) and/or mixed reality
(MR) goggles and watch the room come to life with information. Imagine an environment where every
IoT object has its most relevant details selected and displayed for you using artificial intelligence.
When a mechanic looks at an airplane engine with AR goggles, imagine having the last date of
maintenance, the mileage, the serial number all available at a glance.
Digital World is a trend which combines two previous trends discussed by Info-Tech: User-Facing
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin.
User-Facing Artificial Intelligence is the simplification and/or removal of user interfaces. Think of how
Siri and AR goggles remove traditional interfaces such as a screen, keyboard, and mouse. Digital Twin
is the creation of digital models of real-life objects using data from sensors on the real-life objects
themselves.
By combining User-Facing AI and Digital Twin technology, this trend will allow users to peer into the
data collected from sensors on physical objects just as easily as they are seeing the world around
them.
DIGITAL WORLD
31
“Having the opportunity to do
video calls and share the visual
data among workers reduces
the error factor by 200%.”
- Apiumhub
Immersive Analytics

Intuitive Data
40
Faster Decision Making
Digital World – Business Benefits
Prescriptive Analytics
VR/AR provides a digital overlay that can be
adjusted to pair with the physical asset. Imagine
looking at a physical asset and having its KPIs show
up in front of your eyes. Presenting data intuitively
means is it more readily used for the analytics that
power your business.
Insights reach you within your workflow, which speeds
up decision making. Access to data directly, with
minimal need for intermediate steps, further reduces the
potential for error and improves the quality of the
analysis.
An augmented reality headset is not just another set
of gauges. Powered by artificial intelligence, it has
the power not just to show, but to alert. The “AI” in
“user-facing AI” adds value by highlighting
anomalous data and strategically prompting action
where it is needed first.
DIGITAL WORLD

Removal of Barriers
41
User Mobility
Digital World – Human Benefits
Synced Visualization
Presenting data intuitively means data can be
accessed faster, more easily and by more people.
Having data digitally accessible within a virtual world
makes it available for tele-collaboration.
Mobility provides the user with the freedom of their
hands and the ability to move freely. The user is not
tethered to computer screens. They are unencumbered
and can perform a wider array of actions while still
majority receiving critical data.
The concept of "You see what I see“ becomes a
reality. It enhances the user's ability to describe
situations and issues with the physical asset to
anyone they are collaborating with.
DIGITAL WORLD

DIGITAL WORLD
Too much information on a visual interface (e.g. a computer screen) can obstruct important data. The
same will apply on a VR/AR screen. The organization must decide what information will be prioritized
when the AR/VR sightline is placed over a physical world object.
Currently, there are multiple interfaces through which users can access IoT and Digital Twin data. An
individual may use a fitness tracker, a smart car, a smart thermostat, and a computer screen. Each
type of information is presented in a tailored medium. Even as an AR interface seeks to integrate
multiple kinds of information in a single presentation, we must identify the best way to handle the
variety of information. The benefits of the intuitive interfaces offered by Digital World technology can
only be realized when the method of presentation matches the information identified as most important.
Visual clutter
Suitability of interfaces
Integration with existing
infrastructure
Today, users have to interface with Digital Twin data mostly through a laptop or desktop. Constructing
APIs and customized applications between the new mobile medium and the existing IoT sensors of the
physical asset will be paramount to adoption. Likewise, current and future connectivity capabilities
must be considered, as we increase our reliance on the fast transfer of massive amounts of data.
Key
Dependencies
The three major dependencies underlying
the mainstream adoption of Digital World
concern improving the human-computer
interactions associated with attaining a
truly seamless augmented reality
experience.

Situation
• The maintenance and preparation of racing
bikes is a complex process. There are many
components to check and monitor.
• Mechanics have to manually check a list of
components in preparation for the race and
during the race.
• A misstep could cost the race or endanger the
racer.
Case Study
Industry:
Motorsport, Technology
DIGITAL WORLD
43
Source: GE Predix TechnologyBrief
Context
Aprilia Racing, an Italian motorcycle company, has commissioned Realmore, a vendor of
augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) related content, to develop a software that can
connect the DAQRI Smart Helmet to sensor data in their motorcycles. This capability assists the
mechanics and engineers that maintain the Aprilia motorcycles in the middle of races.
The DAQRI Smart Helmet is an AR helmet. When content enters into the helmet's camera, the
previously designed AR renderings will appear. By looking at a motorcycle with the DAQRI smart
helmet, the mechanic will be able to visualize real-time KPIs regarding the bike. KPIs such as water
temperature, oil, and tire pressure can all be visualized through the smart helmet. By relaying these
data to the mechanic and engineer in an intuitive, simple and hands-off way, the technology
provides them with the tools and mobility to quickly make adjustments to the bike.
Furthermore, the software developed by Realmore provides a 3D rendering of the bike. Through
this 3D rendering, mechanics are able to visualize wear and tear on critical parts. This allows them
to make fast adjustments based on real-time data.

HOW WE HELP
44
Recommendation:
Much of what has been done with augmented reality applications is currently in the proof of concept stage.
Much of what is seen in demos only works under limited conditions. There are currently a few players on the
hardware side (e.g. Daqri, Vuzix, RealWear, Hololens, and Magic Leap), and organizations looking to
capitalize on Digital World technology should consider keeping up with the developments and up and coming
players in this space.
What organizations can do now to familiarize their workforce with A/R content would be using A/R to provide
training and instructional content. Short, instructional visual overlays can be rendered on A/R hardware with a
higher degree of stability compared to other use cases.
Existing Research:
• Learn more about Immersive UX such as Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in the CIO 2017 Trend
report.
• Review the CIO Trend Report 2018 to get an overview Digital Twin and User-Facing AI trends.
• Read the blueprint Double Your Organization's Effectiveness With a Digital Twin to gain additional
background knowledge on digital twin technology.
• Understand how A/R technology will bring value to your organization with Activate Your Augmented
Reality Initiative
Info-Tech
Resources
DIGITAL WORLD
28

Autonomous
Swarms
Group Robotics

Autonomous
Swarms
Flocks of birds, schools of fish, swarms of insects, and now... swarms of robots. Inspired by their
biological counterparts, robot swarms comprise many individuals that together accomplish a task each
individual robot alone cannot. Not to be confused with collaborative robotics (several robots working
together towards a common goal), swarm robotics is characterized by several additional properties:
• They are homogenous - made up of multiple copies of the same type of robot
• Each robot is governed by simple rules in relation to the complexity of the end goal
• They work together in parallel - all robots are simultaneously and independently working towards
the end goal, rather than working as an assembly line where some robots wait for others to finish
Robot swarms can exist without blockchain. But combining blockchain technology with swarm robotics
pushes autonomous swarms past a critical threshold of security and reliability, which makes them
suitable for deployment in many of the currently hypothetical use cases.
31
$52.3
billion
By 2025, the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
market is expected to reach
Source: MarketsandMarkets
with highest CAGR in the civil and
commercial segment.
AUTONOMOUS SWARMS
Group Robotics

Scale
47
Decentralized Decision-
Making
Autonomous Swarms – Business Benefits
Consistent
Results
Every agent within a robotic swarm is designed to act
autonomously, with the overall swarm behavior emerging
organically as a consequence of these individual tasks.
This makes it simple to increase or decrease swarm size
simply by adding or removing agents: because each
agent’s low-level tasks don’t change, there is no need for
reprogramming.
Blockchain technology provides a mechanism for multiple
robotic agents to reach consensus without the need for a
central authority. By providing a way to engage in a "voting"
decision-making process, the blockchain enables the robots
to reach consensus without putting their trust in any single
party. This makes the swarm more resilient and simplifies the
job of a human controller.
The blockchain enables swarms to perform their jobs
more robustly, with less potential for error and
malicious interference. This leads to more consistent
and dependable results for businesses.
AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

Dangerous Situation
Avoidance
48
Resistance to
Hacking
Autonomous Swarms – Human Benefits
Error
Avoidance
Robot swarms and very well suited to take over
dangerous or undesirable jobs. Landmine detection,
dangerous machinery maintenance, city cleanup – these
are just some examples of jobs whose automation can
greatly improve the quality of life of the people currently
performing them.
In applications where robots are in close proximity to
humans, and the potential for data collection is high, data
security becomes especially important. The resistance to
malicious attacks afforded by blockchain means greater
security for the people whose data robotic swarms may be
handling.
Consistency and dependability are the natural
benefits that arise from the decision-making and
auditability possibilities blockchain opens for robotic
swarms. For humans, this means less worry about
errors in handling tasks such as pesticide use in
crops.
AUTONOMOUS SWARMS

AUTONOMOUS SWARMS
As swarms grow larger, the question of how to monitor and control so many agents becomes more
pressing. As we entrust more of the robots’ operation to algorithmic decision-making, we must be clear
on the underlying safety and privacy assumptions, definitions of “harm,” and the robots’ role in
protecting human interests.
Human cognitive processing limits, coupled with the large number of agents in typical robotic swarms,
necessitate some degree of algorithmic automation. The key consideration becomes: which aspects of
the swarm’s operation to leave up to the algorithm, and which key factors to keep under human
surveillance. Define the rules the govern autonomous behaviour with an eye to difficult cases.
Autonomy’s guiding principles
Readiness for automation
Regulation of collected data
With increasing automation comes the collection of staggering amounts of data. Most of the civilian use
cases, such as robotic food delivery, or even street cleanup, has the potential to collect human data,
either through necessity, such as recording a delivery address, or by accident, such as by capturing a
passer-by in a robot’s vision. The potential for privacy violations and their prevention must be a key
consideration in the development of any swarm robotics strategy.
Key
Dependencies
Autonomous Swarms raise new
considerations for businesses looking to
capitalize on the technology.
Increasing autonomy and ballooning data
collection mean businesses must clearly
define the rules guiding robotic decision-
making regarding data privacy and human
safety.

Situation
• Traditional farming automation strategies take a
sweeping approach. Large machines prune,
harvest and fertilize large areas of crop at a
time.
• Precision farming is an emerging movement in
agriculture that aims to reduce cost and
improve efficacy by targeting treatments such
as pesticide administration only to the plants
that need them.
• Autonomous swarm robotics is enabling this
shift by deploying a larger number of smaller
robots to perform a series of targeted tasks in
place of a single overall approach.
Case Study
Industry:
Agriculture
AUTONOMOUS SWARMS
50
Sources: SwarmFarm.com, Adama.com
Context
In Australia, a company is developing a farming approach using swarm robotics that is targeted
rather than sweeping: using multiple autonomous machines, much smaller than traditional farming
machinery, to perform targeted actions, such as administering pesticides only where they are
needed. Where the old approach was to take a large tractor, capable of spraying several rows of
crops with pesticide simultaneously, the smaller robots use artificial intelligence to roam the field,
identify weeds, and spray only them, leaving crops intact. This has resulted in gains in efficiency
and consistency that exceed those of the traditional approach.
SwarmFarm’s robots have been adapted to other applications, including irrigation, planting,
weeding and harvesting. In all cases, a more targeted approach means greater precision and
economy of resources. Pesticide and fertilizer can be applied more sparingly, and planting and
harvesting can be done with individual attention to each plant, an impossible task with large-scale
machinery. The new approach is aimed to translate to producing greater yields at reduced cost
while raising the quality of the crop.
Several robots have been under development and testing on SwarmFarm land. SwarmFarm has
garnered support through government funding, and partnered with PWC Australia, Adama
Australia, Bosch and other sponsors to bring the robots to market.

HOW WE HELP
51
Recommendation:
Consider: do you have a use case? Autonomous swarm robotics is a powerful solution primarily for problems
that are amenable to a distributed approach. If you have a use case, how important are the dependencies to
it? Because swarm robotics applies to a wide variety of use cases, the key considerations will be different for
each. For example, data privacy may not be as important for farming as for city surveillance.
Identify the critical uncertainties for your industry and learn about the current cutting edge solutions. Look for
opportunities to partner with technology developers as early adopters, in order to have a hand in shaping the
development of the technology for your use case.
Existing Research:
• Read the CIO Trend Report 2018 to get an overview of the Robotics and Blockchain trends.
• Read the blueprint Integrate Artificial Intelligence Into Your Manufacturing Operations to understand how
AI can be applied to real-world business cases
blockchain technology and the benefits it brings
Info-Tech
Resources
AUTONOMOUS SWARMS
28

52
Technological stewardship is an ever-evolving task, but you don't
have to stand alone. Follow Info-Tech's Learn-Adopt-Grow
framework to confidently tackle this new challenge in technological
leadership.
Establish a solid foundational understanding to adopt the current
most impactful technologies; learn about changes in the
technological environment to innovate thoughtfully; and grow in your
capacity as business partner by balancing the business and human
impacts of new technologies.
Become a
leader in the loop
HOW WE HELP

53
Learn
Establish a set of dedicated programs based on emerging
technology use cases
Adopt
Grow
• Analyze shifts in the technology landscape with Strategic Foresight
• Read Info-Tech’s Trends and Predictions to keep up to date with new technological
developments
• Leverage our emerging technology blueprints for executive presentations, use cases,
vendor analysis and recommendations for AI, Blockchain, Digital Twin, RPA, IoT & AR/VR
• Make better IT decisions with comprehensive Software Reviews
• Access industry research notes, business reference architectures and benchmarking data
as part of our Premium Industry Coverage
Lead the discussion on human benefits by first
demonstrating deep business and industry expertise
Analyze emerging changes in the technology environment
Learn,
Adopt,
and Grow
Use Info-Tech's resources to
support you on your journey
to becoming a leader in the
loop.
HOW WE HELP

Research Contributors
CONTRIBUTORS
54
Iyke Aru, Crypto Educator and Project Advisor
Iyke is a leading crypto educator and project advisor based in Africa.
Burkhard is a business consulting leader with a track record in initiating and leading global Business, Digital and IT Strategy,
Transformation and Innovation programs, mostly for leading Fortune 500 Firms. Since 2015, Burkhard has been focusing on
Blockchain Innovation primarily in the manufacturing, consumer products, telco and logistics sectors with a specific focus on
the digital twin on Blockchain. He has authored multiple publications on digital transformation and Blockchain innovation, is a
frequent speaker on these subjects and an expert advisor on Blockchain to the European Commission, for which he supported
a project to develop a speculative prototype for a digital twin on blockchain in advanced manufacturing.
Burkhard Blechschmidt, Head of Digital Strategy
Cognizant Consulting

CONTRIBUTORS
55
Eduardo Castello Ferrer, Postdoctoral Fellow
MIT Media Lab
Eduardo is an MIT Postdoctoral researcher specialized in robotics. He is currently conducting research and
participating in projects on Swarm Robotics and Blockchain technologies.
Francesco Corea, Tech Investor and Complexity Scientist
Francesco is a post-doc educated professional with expertise in AI and Complexity science, now turned
tech investor looking at deep technology companies. Author of dozens of academic papers and four books,
he writes in publications such as Medium and Forbes on how AI interacts with other technologies or could
be applied to specific industries. A fellow in Big data and high-performance computing at UCLA and former
Anthemis fellow, he often speaks at international events and advises early-stage AI companies.

CONTRIBUTORS
56
Horizon Communications is an internet service provider in the Caribbean.
Gilbert A. Darrell, Founder
Horizon Communications
Tannya is a techno-optimist who is passionate about carving out an exciting future based on advances in
exponential technologies. She has lived and worked with a variety of organizations in Boston,
Washington D.C. and Dubai. Currently, she is an Associate Project Manager at VMware, a marker
leader in cloud infrastructure and digital workspace technology.
Tannya Jajal, Associate Project Manager
VMware

CONTRIBUTORS
57
Chris Kalle, a software engineer of over 15 years, first started studying autonomous systems in 2012. He
then graduated from the world's first autonomous vehicle engineer program in 2017, and later studied aerial
robotics and autonomous flight. Since then he launched R4 Robotics, which is now developing advanced
autonomous systems, using swarm technology, for use in agriculture and other scalable domains. R4
Robotics is an Australian end-to-end AI and robotics company creating innovative robotic solutions, that
solves real-world challenges.
Chris Kalle, CEO and Founder
R4 Robotics Pty Ltd
Dr. MacCready combines a background of innovative engineering (including several years working at
AeroVironment, Inc.) with an eye for Earth Science (PhD in Geology) as he designs swarming robotic
systems to gather synoptic ocean data.
Tyler MacCready, PhD, CEO
Apium, Inc.

CONTRIBUTORS
58
Shane is a prolific writer on technology and frequently gives talks on Design Thinking, robotics, AI, IoT,
and the future of technology in society. He is a Vanier scholar pursuing a PhD in Robotics at the
University of Toronto, holds an MBA in Technology and Innovation from Ryerson University and a B.
Eng. from McGill University
Shane Saunderson
PhD student, Human-robot interaction, University of Toronto
Dr. Carsten Stöcker is co-founder of the “Interlinked Protocol”. Interlinked Protocol is an interoperable
identity and digital twinning solution for the 4th Industrial Revolution bridging the human, machine and
digital spheres. He is a physicist by training with a Ph.D. from the University of Aachen. He also serves as
a Council Member of Global Future Network for the World Economic Forum. Prior to co-founding Interlinked
Protocol, Carsten founded Spherity GmbH and worked for several renowned companies as German
Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR).
Carsten Stöcker
Founder Interlinked Protocol, CEO Spherity GmbH

CONTRIBUTORS
59
Toby Tremayne is a cross-disciplinary Technical Futurist, Hacker, Developer and all round Troublemaker with over
20 years in enterprise development. His consulting company Magic Industries focuses on Web 3.0 or the Spatial
Web, working across blockchain, AI, Machine Learning, VR/AR/MR, IoT, Self Sovereign Identity and more. MI
strives to bring these technologies together to create a new decentralized, user controlled Internet that reaches
into and enhances work and everyday life consulting with businesses and startups world wide on future tech,
architecture and development.
Toby Tremayne, Technical Futurist, Founder
Magic Industries
Dr. Vergne's research focuses on organization theory and strategy, with expertise in cryptocurrency, blockchain,
and FinTech. He is the founding coordinator of the Crypto Capitalism Center, the co-Director of the Scotiabank
Digital Banking Lab at Ivey Business School and the director of the Crypto Economics Lab. He has co-authored a
book entitled The Pirate Organization: Lessons from the Fringes of Capitalism, published with Harvard Business
Review Press, and regularly speaks at major conferences, including Google Zeitgeist, TEDx, and South by
Southwest Interactive. You can find him on Twitter @PirateOrg.
Jean-Philippe Vergne, Associate Professor of Strategy
Ivey Business School, Western University

CONTRIBUTORS
60
Trivial.co is an analytics platform for digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain.
Jonathan Wooddin, Head of Information
Trivial.co
We thank industry experts who chose to keep their contributions anonymous.
Anonymous Contributors

61
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Blechschmidt, Burkhard. Blockchain in Europe: Closing the Strategy Gap. Cognizant, Jan. 2018, p. 28.
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