1. Human
Anatomy
& Physiology
SEVENTH EDITION
Elaine N. Marieb
Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Active Lecture Questions
prepared by
Cinnamon VanPutte,
Southwestern Illinois College C H A P T E R
16
The
Endocrine
System

2. A major difference between neurotransmitters and
hormones is that hormones are secreted ____________.
a. directly onto their target cell
b. into the cerebrospinal fluid
c. into ducts
d. into the blood
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. A major determinant of a hormone’s mechanism of
action is __________.
a. whether the hormonal molecule is
hydrophobic or hydrophilic
b. large or small
c. rapid-acting or slow-acting
d. activates gene activity
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4. Receptors for steroid hormones are commonly located
_________.
a. inside the target cell
b. in the plasma membrane of the target cell
c. in the blood plasma
d. in the extracellular fluid
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Interaction with a membrane-bound receptor will
transduce the hormonal message via __________.
a. depolarization
b. direct gene activation
c. a second messenger
d. endocytosis
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6. Treatment of a hormone’s target cell with a
phosphodiesterase inhibitor will result in ________.
a. immediate cessation of cell activity
b. prolonged activity of cell activity
c. inability of the hormone to bind to its
receptor
d. irreversible binding of hormone to its
receptor
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. Second messenger-activating hormones circulate in
minute quantities because
a. they are not important signal molecules.
b. small amounts of hormone can activate
huge amounts of intracellular signals
(amplification).
c. they are continuously released from the
gland.
d. neurotransmitters bind to hormone
receptors too.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. Which of the following molecules act as second
messengers?
a. cAMP
b. Ca++
c. inositol triphosphate
d. all of the above
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. It’s possible for a steroid hormone and a protein
hormone to affect the same intracellular protein
because
a. the steroid hormone may direct the
synthesis of the protein.
b. the protein hormone may activate the
protein.
c. the protein hormone may direct the
synthesis of the protein.
d. all of the above
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. In order for a hormone to activate a target cell, the
target cell must possess _______.
a. a receptor
b. a second messenger
c. the hormone
d. a chaperone
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. The most common form of endocrine malfunction is
__________.
a. failure of the gland to produce the hormone.
b. insensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.
c. overproduction of the hormone by the gland.
d. all of the above are common disorders
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. When the pancreas releases insulin in direct response
to blood glucose, this is an example of ________
stimulation.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. When an infant suckles at his mother’s breast, the
mother’s neurohypophysis releases oxytocin. This is an
example of __________ regulation.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14. When the ovaries secrete estrogen in response to the
hormone GnRH, this is an example of __________
regulation.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. Blood levels of hormone are kept within very narrow
ranges by the _________ mechanism.
a. humoral
b. neural
c. hormonal
d. negative feedback
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

16. Hormones secreted into the hypophyseal portal system
are delivered directly to the ________.
a. neurohypophysis
b. adenohypophysis
c. median eminence
d. infundibulum
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17. The long bone growth-promoting effects of growth
hormone are mediated by __________.
a. somatostatin
b. somatotrophs
c. somatomedins
d. insulin
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18. Secretions from the corticotrophs activate cells of the
_______ while secretions from the gonadotrophs affect
cells of the ________.
a. adrenal cortex… gonads
b. thyroid… mammary gland
c. gonads… adrenal cortex
d. mammary glands… gonads
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19. A patient is displaying high volumes of urine output
and severe dehydration. The most likely cause is
_________.
a. hyposecretion of oxytocin
b. hypersecretion of oxytocin
c. hyposecretion of ADH
d. hypersecretion of ADH
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Common secretion(s) of the thyroid gland is/are
_________.
a. calcitonin
b. triiodothyronine
c. thyroxine
d. all of the above
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

21. A patient is losing weight rapidly, sweating profusely
and is always anxious. The patient may be suffering
from _______.
a. hypothyroidism
b. cretinism
c. hyperthyroidism
d. hypersecretion of calcitonin
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

22. Occasionally, a female patient will experience hirsutism
or excessive facial hair growth. Blood tests reveal that
her levels of testosterone are normal for a female.
Another cause could be hypersecretion of:
a. adrenal medulla hormones
b. mineralocorticoids
c. gluccocorticoids
d. gonadocorticoids
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

23. Two hormones govern calcium regulation is ________
acts to elevate blood calcium whereas ________ lowers
blood calcium, especially in children.
a. PTH… calcitonin
b. thyroid hormones… calmodulin
c. calcitonin… PTH
d. calcitonin… thyroid hormones
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

24. __________ is the adrenal hormone responsible for
maintaining appropriate blood sodium levels.
a. Cortisol
b. DHEA
c. Aldosterone
d. Epinephrine
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

25. _________ triggers secretion of aldosterone.
a. Increased K+
b. Angiotensin II
c. ANP
d. both a and b
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

26. During times of stress, elevated levels of _______ occur
often and explain why we get a cold during final exam
time.
a. cortisol
b. aldosterone
c. ACTH
d. androgens
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

27. The _________ is the other primary mediator of acute
stress along with the sympathetic nervous system.
a. adrenal medulla
b. adrenal cortex
c. zona glomerulosa
d. zona reticularis
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

28. The secretion of ________ helps regulate our circadian
rhythms.
a. estrogen
b. testosterone
c. thyroid hormones
d. melatonin
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

29. The thymus gland secretes the hormone(s)
______________.
a. thymopoietin
b. thymosin
c. thymic factor
d. all of the above
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

30. Which of the following structures produce a hormone
responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?
a. stomach
b. heart
c. kidney
d. skin
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

31. Which of the following structures produces a precursor
to hormonal vitamin D, important for Ca++ regulation?
a. stomach
b. heart
c. kidney
d. skin
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings