2. Systemic FluoridesSystemic Fluorides
11--Water FluoridationWater Fluoridation
22--School Water FluoridationSchool Water Fluoridation
33--Fluoridate saltFluoridate salt
44--Dietary Fluoride SupplementsDietary Fluoride Supplements
3. Water FluoridationWater Fluoridation
The controlled addition ofThe controlled addition of
a F compound to a watera F compound to a water
supply system in order tosupply system in order to
bring its concentration upbring its concentration up
to an optimal to preventto an optimal to prevent
dental cariesdental caries
4. RapidsRapids
MichiganMichigan
19451945
The first to have F added to theThe first to have F added to the
water supplywater supply
1515yrs studyyrs study
Results were so impressive in fewResults were so impressive in few
yrs that other cities joinedyrs that other cities joined
5. Level of F concentrationLevel of F concentration
Depends on the climateDepends on the climate
))mean temperaturemean temperature((
Ranges from 0.7 to 1.2 PPMRanges from 0.7 to 1.2 PPM
6. Water FluoridationWater Fluoridation
Studies showed reduction ofStudies showed reduction of
dental caries in children bydental caries in children by
4040%%to 70%to 70%
&&
Root caries in the adults byRoot caries in the adults by
2020%%to 40to 40%%
7. Water FluoridationWater Fluoridation
11--the least expensivethe least expensive
22--most effective way to reach to largemost effective way to reach to large
group of peoplegroup of people
8. School Water FluoridationSchool Water Fluoridation
--it’s used when it’s not possible to applyit’s used when it’s not possible to apply
community water fluoridationcommunity water fluoridation
--Children don’t receive the benefits untilChildren don’t receive the benefits until
they were old enough to begin schoolthey were old enough to begin school
))6yrs6yrs((
--Children consumed the water only when they wereChildren consumed the water only when they were
at schoolat school
--To compensate for the reduced exposure, higherTo compensate for the reduced exposure, higher
than optimal F concentration for communitythan optimal F concentration for community
fluoridation was used )4.5 timesfluoridation was used )4.5 times((
--The procedures was reported dental caries amongThe procedures was reported dental caries among
schoolchildren by about 40%schoolchildren by about 40%
9. Fluoridate saltFluoridate salt
--was 1was 1stst
used in Switzerland in 1955used in Switzerland in 1955
--The reduction in caries incidence was found to beThe reduction in caries incidence was found to be
parallel to that found with water fluoridationparallel to that found with water fluoridation
--The WHO found it to be appropriate forThe WHO found it to be appropriate for
developing countriesdeveloping countries
--Several countries are starting to adopt it, but notSeveral countries are starting to adopt it, but not
in USA or Canada bc of the extent of waterin USA or Canada bc of the extent of water
fluoridationfluoridation
10. Dietary FluorideDietary Fluoride
SupplementsSupplements
--It’s recommended for children living whereIt’s recommended for children living where
community fluoride program are not availablecommunity fluoride program are not available
--To provide maximum benefit the child shouldTo provide maximum benefit the child should
receive F supplements on a daily basis from birthreceive F supplements on a daily basis from birth
until about 13 yrs of ageuntil about 13 yrs of age
--May be in form of tablets, lozenges, drops, liquids,May be in form of tablets, lozenges, drops, liquids,
and F vitamin preparationsand F vitamin preparations
--They are more costly than water fluoridationThey are more costly than water fluoridation
--It need a high degree of motivation from bothIt need a high degree of motivation from both
parents and childrenparents and children
12. 11--Topically Applied FTopically Applied F
They can be either professionally done (inThey can be either professionally done (in
the dental office) or self applied (at homethe dental office) or self applied (at home))
13. 11--Topically Applied FTopically Applied F
Professionally applied F are of higherProfessionally applied F are of higher
concentration than those used at homeconcentration than those used at home
and are usually done at 6-12 monthsand are usually done at 6-12 months
intervalsintervals
Both ways produce approximately theBoth ways produce approximately the
same degree of benefitssame degree of benefits
14. 22--Fluoridated ToothpastesFluoridated Toothpastes
They are considered as one of the mostThey are considered as one of the most
common forms of topical Fcommon forms of topical F
In addition to the abrasive and flavoring agent,In addition to the abrasive and flavoring agent,
F is added to the toothpaste as the preventiveF is added to the toothpaste as the preventive
(therapeutic) agent(therapeutic) agent
The toothpaste usually contain about 1000 toThe toothpaste usually contain about 1000 to
1100 PPM of F, and has offered 15% to 30 %1100 PPM of F, and has offered 15% to 30 %
reduction in dental cariesreduction in dental caries
Young children should be supervised duringYoung children should be supervised during
brushing to avoid excessive F consumptionbrushing to avoid excessive F consumption
15. 33--Fluoride Mouth RinsesFluoride Mouth Rinses
They could be used on daily or weekly basisThey could be used on daily or weekly basis
Caries reduction from daily use have been reportedCaries reduction from daily use have been reported
as only slightly greater than those used weeklyas only slightly greater than those used weekly
Caries reduction in children was about 20% to 35Caries reduction in children was about 20% to 35%%
They should not be used by very young children orThey should not be used by very young children or
people who are unable to effectively expectorate thepeople who are unable to effectively expectorate the
product from their mouthsproduct from their mouths
