12/28/2021 1 Chapter 1: The Changing Boundaries of Criminology -Slides and data in this outline are from Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (2007, 2013, 2018 & 2022); Siegel (2015); and modified by Manning (2007, 2013, 2015, 2018 & 2022). Exploring the need for criminologists Criminology & the phenomenon of crime through natural disasters. • October 29, 2012 Sandy hits Jersey shore. Billions in damages, hundreds of deaths. • March 11, 2011 the most powerful earthquake hit Japan. Tens of thousands of deaths. No civil unrest or looting—they waited with civility for a fair distribution of limited supplies. • January 12, 2010 a 7.0 earthquake hit Port au-Prince, Haiti. Approx. 316,000 dead and without a discernable police presence violence erupted marked by looting and gang related gunfire. • August 29, 2005, Katrina devastated New Orleans. Looter took over the city and 1,500 police on search and rescue were reassigned to restore oder. 12/28/2021 2 Covid-19 Pandemic Issues in 2020 • Adler, Mueller and Laufer (2022) state that early on in 2020 it appeared that the pandemic lockdowns and stay at home orders led to a decrease in drug and violent crimes. • However there was an increase in domestic violence. • We will see later on the total cost of the pandemic resulting from stay at home orders, masking and vaccination mandates (such as increases in mental health issues and suicides rates). Globalization Effects on criminology • In past societies all produced their own goods. • Today, worlds economy increasing becoming a “Global Village”. • Globalization expands the need for criminologists to explore and find solutions for evolving social issues. • Economic, Human Rights, and Environmental crimes. 12/28/2021 3 Human Trafficking and Globalization • USA alone gets approx. 100,000 humans trafficked for illegal sex and labor exploitation per year. • Human trafficking is to the 21st Century what the cold war was to the 20th Century. • Sex Trafficking worldwide is over 20.9 million. 98% are women and children. • 2 million children per year. What Criminologists knew about these changing boundaries. • Criminologists knew looting was a stage after a natural disaster—due to past research. • Criminologists understand globalization increases our risk to transnational crime and shifting class structures within societies around the world (including our own). • Do not be deceived by the media and their symbiotic relationship with legislatures (Adler, Muller, & Laufer, 2022, p. 13). • Police shootings, the global village & the econ., school to prison pipeline. • Where should we focus as criminologists? • Criminologists are needed to make better policies to protect society from the harms of crime, from violence to fraud, corporate crimes, political and transnational crimes. • In all human activity deviance is possible. 12/28/2021 4 Defining Terrorism another changing boundary of criminology ...