This document discusses radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. It describes the basic components of an RFID system including RFID tags, readers, and application software. It explains the different types of RFID tags and operating frequencies. It then outlines several current and potential applications of RFID technology in areas like access control, asset tracking, supply chain management, toll collection, and more. The document also presents results of an online survey that asked about possible industries for RFID application and perceptions of RFID technology. It concludes by noting both positive and negative aspects of RFID systems and opportunities for further development.
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The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
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# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
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2. Contents
Conclusion
Future
development
and
opportunities
Survey
Results
Introduction Applications
of RFID
3. • RFID = Radio Frequency Identification
• Electronic labeling and wireless identification of
objects using radio frequency
• Tag carries with its information
• a serial number
• Model number
• Color or any other imaginable data
• When these tags pass through a field generated by a
compatible reader, they transmit this information
back to the reader, thereby identifying the object
RFID
4. • A basic RFID system consists of these components:
• A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item
data; consisting of
• an RFID chip for data storage
• an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID chip
• A reader/antenna system to interrogate the RFID inlay
• Application software and a host computer system
RFID components
5. • The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit (IC)
embedded in a thin film medium.
• Information stored in the memory of the RFID chip
is transmitted by the antenna circuit embedded in
the RFID inlay via radio frequencies, to an RFID
reader
• 3 types
• Passive
• Semi-passive
• Active
RFID Tag
6. Active Tags
• Use a battery
• communicate over
distances of several meters
Semi-passive Tags
• Contain built-in batteries
to power the chip’s
circuitry, resist interference
and circumvent a lack of
power from the reader
signal due to long distance.
• They are different from
active tags in that they only
transmit data at the time a
response is received
Types of RFID Tags
Passive Tags
• Derive their power from
the field generated by the
reader
• without having an active
transmitter to transfer the
information stored
7. Frequency Appx. Read
Range
Data Speed Cost of Tags Application
Low Frequency (125kHz) <5cm
(passive)
Low High • Animal Identification
Applications
• Access Control
High Frequency (13.56 Mhz) 10 cm – 1m
(passive)
Low to Moderate Medium to
Low
• Smart Cards
• Payment (paywave)
Ultra High Frequency (433,
868-928 Mhz)
3m -7m
(passive)
Moderate to
High
Low • Logistics and Supply Chain
• Baggage Tracking
Microwave (2.45 & 5.8 Ghz) 10m -15m
(passive)
20m – 40m
(active)
High High • Electronic toll collection
(Autotoll)
• Container Tracking
8. Application Segment Representative Applications Competitive Technologies Current
Penetration
Current Applications
Typical Tag
Type
Access Control Doorway entry Other keyless entry technologies High Passive
Asset Tracking Locating tractors within a freight yard None Low Active
Asset Tagging Tracking corporate computing systems Bar Code Low Passive
Authentication Luxury goods counterfeit prevention Holograms Low Passive
Baggage Tracking Positive bag matching Bar Code, Optical Character
Recognition
Low Passive
POS Applications SpeedPass Credit Cards, Smart Cards,
Wireless Phones
Medium Passive
SCM (Container
Level)
Tracking containers in shipping terminals GPS-based Systems Low Active
SCM (Pallet Level) Tracking palletized shipments Bar Code Minimal Active, Passive
SCM (Item Level) Identifying individual items Bar Code Minimal Passive
Vehicle
Identification
Electronic toll collection Bar Code, License plate, reader
systems
Medium Active, Passive
Vehicle Immobilizers Automotive ignition systems Other theft prevention
technologies
High Passive
9. Credit Cards with RFID
(Paywave function)
Applications
Octopus (Smart Card)
11. • Target: SME
• Information: Opinion on RFID and its
applications
• Site:
• http://qtrial.qualtrics.com/SE/?SID=SV_9N5U
PRZuyuWtsk4
Online Survey
12. Types of industries that respondents think
it is possible to apply RFID technology
Document
Management
8%
Security
8%
Logistics and Supply Chain
Management
20%
Library Management
21%
Inventory Control
10%
Pharmaceutic manufacturing
industries
15%
Survey Result
Customer Services
5%
Hotel Management
5%
Banking and Finance
5%
Social Services
3%
其他
18%
15. • Positive
• RFID is a contactless reading technology and can read
through other materials
• Hold more data than barcode does
• RFID tags data can be changed or added
• More effective, bring lots of convenience to us
• Negative
• Cost is relatively remain high (compare to barcode)
• RFID signals may have problems with some materials
• RFID standards are still being developed
Conclusion
