the study of the mechanics of the hip, thigh, knee, leg, ankle, and foot, encompassing the bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels that enable movement and support. It examines how these components interact to produce movement, maintain stability, and absorb shock during various activities. Dr Aliya Shair Muhammad Lecturer: Bolan University of Medical and Health Sciences, Quetta

1. THE BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN
LOWER ERXTRIMITY
D R A L I YA P T
D P T OM P T ( II R S )
L E C : B U M HS , Q T A

68. Normal Q Angle
Values:
•Men: 10–15°
•Women: 15–20°
(due to wider pelvis)

69. Abnormally Low Q Angle (<10°):
 A reduced or lower-than-normal Q angle is less commonly discussed than a high Q
angle but can still cause issues.
 Possible Causes:
 Genu varum (bow legs)
 Tight lateral knee structures
 Overdeveloped medial quadriceps
 Congenital alignment abnormalities
Clinical Implications:
 Increased stress on the lateral side of the knee
 Patellar tracking issues (may track medially)
 Medial knee pain
 Increased risk of medial meniscus strain or osteoarthritis

93. THANK YOU