The document provides an analysis of the quality philosophies of W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Moses Juran, Philip Bayard Crosby, Lewis Ireland, and the Project Management Institute (PMI). It summarizes their key views on what defines quality and contrasts their approaches. While their definitions differed somewhat, the philosophers agreed on the importance of management commitment to quality, continuous training, measuring products/services, and viewing quality as an ongoing improvement process involving suppliers and teams. The document also examines similarities between Ireland and PMI's perspectives, which both emphasized doing things right the first time and meeting customer needs and expectations.

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
GM594 Unit1 Project Risk, Quality, and Procurement Monitoring and Controlling
Author: Ralph Clarke
Kaplan University
Professor: Dr. Flores
Date: June 29, 2015

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Table of Contents
Introduction (Executive Summary)…………………………………………………………3
Body of the proposal (Synopsis of the Situation)…………………………………………..4-6
Alternative Solution to the Problem………………………………………………………..6-8
Conclusion & Recommendations…………………………………………………………..8-10
References…………………………………………………………………………………..11

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Executive Summary
The objective of this paper is to analyze the quality philosophies in comparison and
contrast of W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Moses Juran, Philip Bayard Crosby, Lewis Ireland, and
the PMI to substantiate their meaning of quality in alignment with strategic top management and
their applicable visions to stakeholders in addressing quality globally.
The paper will also focus on how the quality philosophy attributed in restoration of a
competitive edge and the overall improvement of productivity. It will touch on what attributes to
costs reduction, quality continuous improvement, their way to system approach, measurement,
and performance standards to quality. In contrast all philosophy will be considered, synthesize,
streamline, for efficiency and analyze for future quantitative and qualitative actions.

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Synopsis of the Situation
W. Edwards Deming known as “The Father of the Third Wave of the Industrial
Revolution” had a Doctorate in Physics and more experience in statistics. He educated many
followers through his lectures, books and as an international consultant. Deming gain trust and
recognition after he led many of Japans’ business on the right course making him a renowned
leader in quality production globally. During that period NBC White Papers of 1980 carried the
slogan “If Japan Can…Why Can’t We?”
Japan recognized Deming through the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers by
creating the Deming Prize which was distributed to people and businesses and made outstanding
contributions towards the improvement of their services and product quality.
The U.S. recognize Deming in 1980 after NBC white papers was aired focusing the
attention how quality is an important issue to be competitive. The action made Deming popular
giving him a green light …Deming began to receive calls from all around in consultancy and
many offer for hire... He continued to hold seminars on quality leadership and his job as an
educator (Suarez, 1992).

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Joseph Moses Juran had a degree in electrical engineering and law and worked as an
executive for the U.S. government industry administration, a professor at the university of New
York, arbitrator, corporate director and consultant of management. Similarly he worked at the
same electrical plant as Deming in 1920. He also had ties to Japan in a competitive situation of
total quality control. Due to his teachings and contributions he boosted the growth to Japan’s
economic success. In addition, Juran introduce to the Japanese the Pareto principle which he
intenerated as the “vital few and the trivial many.”…moreover he became known for the “Juran
trilogy” and the “managerial breakthrough.” concept. Juran introduce the Juran Juran institute,
Inc. in 1979 and continue to hold seminars and educational related materials pertaining to quality
(Suarez, 1992).
Philip Bayard Crosby was known internationally for quality and his expertise popularized
the “Zero Defects”… a concept that started in the U.S in the Martin Marietta Corporation in
1960 where he worked. Furthermore Crosby was an engineer who worked in the quality
department for 14 years and later assumes the responsibility as the Director of Quality and
Corporate Vice President of the Corporation’s ITT unit--- where most of his time was spent
during a 14 year period (Suarez, 1992). Crosby wrote many books including “Quality is Free”
and later on establishes the Quality College and a consulting agency called PCA… PCA is the
largest consulting management agency in the world since it went public in 1985 (Suarez, 1992).

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Lewis Ireland has a lot of practical experience in Quality Management from programs and
projects. Lewis gain experience and wisdom from his academic pursuits. Lewis tackled his
challenge and perspective focused on “do the right thing right the first time” for success in
programs and project. Lewis also emphasized on planning, and his academic experience
qualified him… Lewis Ireland including contributor authors Francis Webster Jr., and Sandra
Fenton to discuss how quality can be accomplished (Ireland, 1991). Lewis emphasized that
quality is recognized by (DTRTRTFT) rather than doing it a second time… through motivation
training, of human resource who are skills, using the right tools to complete the process
assignment of tasks.
PMI definition of quality is described in comparison to grade. Quality is a performance
that is delivered resulting to the degree at which inherent set of characteristics meet the
requirements such as ISO 9000…then grade is a category of design intent assigned for
deliverables that function the same used by different characteristics technically (PMBOK,
2013).
Alternative Solution to the Problem
Deming illustrated that quality and service can be defined by the customer only and can be
changed in meaning relative to what the customer’s need are. Deming stated in a quantitative
manner to relationship and the results applicable to products from a predictable degree in
uniformity to a reduced variability, suitability, and lower cost. In contrast he warned during the

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
period of crisis quality is characterized as hard to achieve…in terms of difficulty to describe and
achieve quality future needs of the customer has to be considered and translated into measurable
characteristics for satisfaction guarantee at the customer’s offer to pay (Deming, 1986).
Juran stated that quality is “fitness for use.” Juran recognized a balance between the
product features and deficiencies free products…He characterized product as output coming out
of a process including the bad and good ones and the services. His product quality meaning in
contrast featured on consumption of fuel and its design for services to meet the needs of
everyone…or delivery promptness or giving the courtesy….next his second element of what
quality means is free deficiency of products such as factory scrap, or late deliveries cause’s
problems for customers. His quality definition in essence reflects customer’s satisfaction
according to their expectations. Juran further reiterated that an entire group may be affected
including those that have something to do with the product from start to the end of the product
who is the internal and external customers (Suarez, 1992).
Crosby believe in a preventative approach which is described as “Do It Right the First
time”, second, “Zero Defects” and Zero Defects Day” third “the “Four Absolutes of quality”
fourth the “Prevention Process” fifth the “Quality Vaccine” and finally the “Six C’s.” Crosby
addressed prevention over inspection to make corrections from errors. This approach involved
planning, thinking, and analysis of the process as an anticipated process to know where errors
might happen and reacting. According Crosby formula a continuously measurement of the
monetary cost of quality is focused on the cost of waste in contrast to the lower cost of making

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Making the right decision the first time and the outcome is performance standard.
Ireland analysis of quality organizations must follow standards, procedures, policies and
strategic skill training and do the “right thing for the first time. “ He recognizes that the shift to
and fro depends on customer satisfaction and programs in responses to their expectations. The
customer is the key to know what is required and a common structure that defines the customer
needs. In contrast to manufacturing and quality projects does not replicate, its frequency
process…frequency as the manufacturing processes (Ireland, 1991).
PMI addresses quality to all projects, products and services regardless of what their
deliverables nature are. Quality deliverables measures are specific in types and nature in contrast
quality of software is different in approach on how to be used when constructing a nuclear power
plant. Failure to meet the quality measure requirements may result in serious consequences for
the stakeholders (PMI, 2013).
Conclusion and Recommendations
Similarities between Deming, Juran and Crosby had agreed on management being
responsible to create an organization’s culture to have commitment in quality as the major focus.
The goals must be clear and concise to ever team member including the mission and vision of the
company and what they said they will carry out in the mission statement must be fulfill. In
addition they all agree on commitment, continuous education and training, problems must be for
positive results.

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
Similarities
 The essentials are top management support and commitment
 Training and education must be a continuous process
 Measurement of products and service is critical
 Final products are not viewed to be improvements
 Management policy or action is associated to most of the problems with quality
 Organizations may be applicable to implementation
 Inspection of Post-Production should be minimized
 Teamwork and effective communications is critical and must exist at all levels
 For Teams to work effectively managers must provide the right tools
 Quality has not short cuts
 Quality efforts must be composed of suppliers and the team
 A continuous effort must be made in the pursuit of quality
Deming, Juran and Crosby Differences in (contrast)
In the normal sense of word they do not represent programs …they did not supply any
starting and ending dates. The three philosophers Deming, Juran and Crosby
Definition of quality differences are…Deming defined quality by what was happening now

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
And the future needs of customers, next Juran consider fitness for customer use as a
requirement, and then Crosby was defined to requirements by conformance.
Ireland and PMI Similarities
Ireland just like Crosby believed in doing the right thing the first time. He initiated
presentations for investment in quality during the project life cycle and processes. Ireland knew
that meeting customers’ needs was essential in the planning process to facilitate the needs and
expectations of the consumers. Ireland reiterated that the human factor is important in
relationship to the external and internal demands, usage of tools, methodologies, manager’s
techniques and the value of cost to create and infuse quality as part of project management
(PMBOK, 1991).
Ireland recommended that in order to meet customers’ requirements and satisfaction it is
important to offer products knowing it will meet expectations of the customers. Similarly,
projects are compared to other process that are in alignment to develop products engage the right
balance of ingredients placed in the process to achieve success and positive results. Thus
manufacturing and projects major differences are projects are not replicated all the time in the
process in contrast to manufacturing process. Specifically if the manufacturing concepts and
needs are tailor to projects the advantages is to capitalize and advance quickly for a success in
quality management. (PMBOK, 1991).

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Header: FOCUS PAPER ON THE ANALYSIS OF QUALITY PHILOSPHIES OF, W.
EDWARDS DEMING, JOSEPH MOSES JURAN, PHILIP BAYARD CROSBY, LEWIS
IRELAND AND THE PMI
References
Suarez G.J. (1992). Three Experts on quality Management: Philip B. Crosby, W. Edwards
Deming & Joseph M. Juran. Department of the Navy, Office of the Under Secretary of the
Navy. Total Quality Leadership Office. 2611 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 2000,
Arlington, VA 22202-4016.
Ireland, L.R. (1991). Quality management in projects and programs. Newton Square,
PA-PMI
Project Management Institute, Inc. (2013). Guide to the project management body of
Knowledge (5th. Ed.). Newton Square, PA: PMI