introduction of computer system

1. INTRODUCTION
TO COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
LECTURE 1

2. ABOUT COURSE
• Objective
–To know basics
• Using Computer
• Uses of Computer
• Using Internet, Surfing over Internet
• Different Application Software's
– MS Office
– Antivirus
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3. INTRODUCTION
• Computer is an electronic device that
• Operates under the control of instruction
(software)
• Accepts data (input)
• Manipulate data (process)
• Generates information (output)
– Generally, the term is used to describe a
collection of devices that function together as
a system.
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4. INTRODUCTION
• What is Computer?
–Computer is also called a processor.
–An electronic device designed to accept
data, perform prescribed mathematical
and logical operations at high speed, and
display the results of these operations.
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5. A COMPUTER SYSTEM
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6. OPERATIONS A COMPUTER
CAN PERFORM
Computers can perform five general operations, which
comprise the information processing cycle.
• Inputting: the process of entering data and
instructions into the computer system
• Processing: performing arithmetic operations (add,
Subtract, Multiply, Divide) or logical operations
(comparisons like equal to, less than, greater than) on
data to convert them into useful information
• Outputting: The process of producing useful
information or results for the user such as printed
report or visual display
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7. OPERATIONS A COMPUTER
CAN PERFORM
• Storing: Saving data and instructions to
make them readily available for initial or
additional processing whenever required.
• Controlling: Directing the manner and
sequence in which all the above operations
are performed.
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8. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER
• Automatic: Given a job, computer can work on it automatically
without human interaction.
• Speed: Computer can perform data processing jobs very fast
• Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the
degree of its accuracy depends upon its design. Computer error
caused due to incorrect input data or unreliable programs
• No I.Q(Intelligence Quotient): A computer does only what it
is programmed to do. It cannot take its own decision in this
regard.
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9. CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER
• Diligence: Computer is free from monotony, Tiredness, and lack of
concentration. It can continuously work for hours without creating
any error and without grumbling.
• Versatility: computer is capable of performing almost any task
• Power of Remembering: Computer can store and recall any
amount of information because of its secondary storage capability. It
forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so
• No Feeling: Computer are devoid of emotions. Their judgment is
based on the instructions given to them in the form of programs
that are written by us (human beings)
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10. TYPES OF COMPUTERS
• Since the advent of the first computer different types
and sizes of computers are offering different services.
• Computers can be as big as occupying a large
building and as small as a laptop or a microcontroller
in mobile & embedded systems.
• There are four different types of computers based on
size and processing.
1. Supercomputer
2. Mainframe Computer
3. Minicomputer
4. Microcomputer
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11. SUPERCOMPUTER
• The most powerful computers in terms of
performance and data processing are the
supercomputers.
• These are specialized and task specific computer
used by large organizations.
• These computers are used for research and
exploration purposes, like NASA uses
supercomputers for launching space shuttles,
controlling them and for space exploration purpose.
• The supercomputers are very expensive and very
large in size.
• It can be accommodated in large air-conditioned
rooms; some super computers can span an entire
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12. USES OF SUPERCOMPUTER
• In Pakistan and other countries
Supercomputers are used by Educational
Institutes like NUST (Pakistan) for research
purposes.
• Pakistan Atomic Energy commission & Heavy
Industry Taxila uses supercomputers for
Research purposes.
– Space Exploration
– Earth Quake Studies
– Weather Forecasting
– Nuclear Weapons Testing
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14. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• Mainframe computers are used to store large amounts of
data that wouldn't fit into a normal-sized computer
system.
• Mainframe computers are most often used by large
corporations and government agencies that require a
large amount of information to be stored in a
centralized secure location
• Not as powerful as supercomputers, they are quite
expensive
• The Mainframe computers can be accommodated in
large air conditioned rooms because of its size.
• Mainframes can process & store large amount of data.
But Comparatively slower than supercomputers
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15. USES OF MAINFRAME COMPUTER
• Banks, educational institutions & insurance
companies use mainframe computers to store
data about their customers, students &
insurance policy holders.
• Mainframe computers are used primarily by
Large organizations for critical applications
• Bulk (big) data processing, such as census
(information gathering i.e. registration)
• Industry and consumer statistics
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16. MINI-COMPUTER
• Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms.
• Minicomputers are also called as “Midrange
Computers”.
• These are small machines and can be accommodated
on a disk with not as processing and data storage
capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes.
• These computers are designed for a single user.
• Individual departments of a large company or
organizations use Mini-computers for specific
purposes.
• For example, a production department can use
Minicomputers for monitoring certain production
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17. MICRO-COMPUTER
• Widely used now a days
• Fastest growing technologies
• Cheapest among all
• Designed for general use like in offices, in homes and
educational institutes etc.
• Well known manufacturers are
– Dell
– HP
– Haier
– Toshiba
– Apple
– Samsung
– Sony Computer Science 1 1A-17

18. TYPES OF MICRO-COMP
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19. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• More impact than any other invention
–Changed work and leisure activities
• Computers are important because:
–Provide information to users
–Information is critical to our society
–Managing information is difficult
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20. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• The benefits of using computers
– As varied as users
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21. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
USES of computer:
– Computers are used for
• Business
• Entertainment
• Schoolwork
• Hospitals
• Banks
• Airports
• etc
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22. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• Computers at home
– Many homes have multiple computers
– Computers are used for
• Communication
• Entertainment
• Education
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23. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• Computers in education
– Computer literacy required at all levels
– Easily get information related to the subject
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24. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• Computers in small business
– Makes businesses more profitable
– Allows owners to manage their business
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25. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• Computers in industry
–Computers are used to design products
–Fashion industry
–Architecture
–Cars manufacturing
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26. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• Computers in government
– Necessary to track data for population
• Police officers
• Tax calculation and collection
– Governments were the first computer users
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27. COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
• Computers in health care
– New treatments possible
– Scheduling of patients has improved
– Delivery of medicine is safer
– Fast process of test results
– Maintaining history of patient
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28. ASSIGNMENT
• What is the role of computer in society?
• How computer is beneficial for you as a student?
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