A hydraulic structure may be defined as any structure which is designed to handle water in any way
This includes the retention, conveyance, control, regulation and dissipation of the energy of water
Such water handling structures are required in many fields of civil engineering
The principal ones being water supply and conservation, hydroelectric power, irrigation and drainage, navigation, flood control, fish, wildlife service’s and certain aspects of highway engineering. Various equations, based on continuity, energy, and momentum principles, may be used
To calculate the most suitable length, width, shape, elevation and orientation of the structure.
The application of these basic principles to the practical problem of the design of hydraulic structures is called hydraulic design
Designed and constructed for managing and utilizing water resources to the best advantage of the human being and environment
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces high permeable and wear-resistant pavement and color trench covers. Most city surfaces are made from impervious materials that prevent water absorption and infiltration, exacerbating issues like urban heat islands. Crownswear addresses this by using permeable materials that allow water to pass through and be stored underground, improving the environment, reducing flooding risks, and alleviating drainage systems. Their products have high compressive and bending strength as well as permeability. Installation photos demonstrate applications in parking lots, walking paths, and more.
SC-01-1 is an inorganic ionic liquid curing agent that solidifies substances like sludge, soil and wastewater through ionic reactions. It can be mixed with cement and substances to produce solidified materials with compressive strengths over 30kg/cm2. SC-01-1 solidifies materials quickly, produces non-toxic solids, and has been used successfully in sludge treatment projects in China, Vietnam, and Taiwan.
This document discusses high permeable wear-resistant pavement and color trench covers produced by Crownswear Enterprise Corporation. It begins by explaining how traditional pavement is impermeable and causes issues like urban heat islands. It then promotes using permeable materials and covers to improve water absorption and infiltration. It provides details on the product's construction and materials. Images display application examples on sites like schools, parks and parking lots. The conclusion restates that Crownswear's permeable products are a good choice for sustainable drainage solutions.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces high permeable and wear-resistant pavement and color trench covers. Most city surfaces are made of impervious materials that prevent water absorption and infiltration, exacerbating issues like urban heat islands. Crownswear addresses this by using permeable materials that allow water to pass through and be stored underground, improving the environment, reducing flooding risks, and alleviating drainage systems. Their products have high compressive and bending strength as well as permeability. Installation photos demonstrate applications in parking lots, walking paths, and more.
A hydraulic structure may be defined as any structure which is designed to handle water in any way
This includes the retention, conveyance, control, regulation and dissipation of the energy of water
Such water handling structures are required in many fields of civil engineering
The principal ones being water supply and conservation, hydroelectric power, irrigation and drainage, navigation, flood control, fish, wildlife service’s and certain aspects of highway engineering. Various equations, based on continuity, energy, and momentum principles, may be used
To calculate the most suitable length, width, shape, elevation and orientation of the structure.
The application of these basic principles to the practical problem of the design of hydraulic structures is called hydraulic design
Designed and constructed for managing and utilizing water resources to the best advantage of the human being and environment
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces high permeable and wear-resistant pavement and color trench covers. Most city surfaces are made from impervious materials that prevent water absorption and infiltration, exacerbating issues like urban heat islands. Crownswear addresses this by using permeable materials that allow water to pass through and be stored underground, improving the environment, reducing flooding risks, and alleviating drainage systems. Their products have high compressive and bending strength as well as permeability. Installation photos demonstrate applications in parking lots, walking paths, and more.
SC-01-1 is an inorganic ionic liquid curing agent that solidifies substances like sludge, soil and wastewater through ionic reactions. It can be mixed with cement and substances to produce solidified materials with compressive strengths over 30kg/cm2. SC-01-1 solidifies materials quickly, produces non-toxic solids, and has been used successfully in sludge treatment projects in China, Vietnam, and Taiwan.
This document discusses high permeable wear-resistant pavement and color trench covers produced by Crownswear Enterprise Corporation. It begins by explaining how traditional pavement is impermeable and causes issues like urban heat islands. It then promotes using permeable materials and covers to improve water absorption and infiltration. It provides details on the product's construction and materials. Images display application examples on sites like schools, parks and parking lots. The conclusion restates that Crownswear's permeable products are a good choice for sustainable drainage solutions.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces high permeable and wear-resistant pavement and color trench covers. Most city surfaces are made of impervious materials that prevent water absorption and infiltration, exacerbating issues like urban heat islands. Crownswear addresses this by using permeable materials that allow water to pass through and be stored underground, improving the environment, reducing flooding risks, and alleviating drainage systems. Their products have high compressive and bending strength as well as permeability. Installation photos demonstrate applications in parking lots, walking paths, and more.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces permeable pavement and trench covers to address issues caused by traditional impermeable surfaces. Their products include (1) color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers, (2) pre-cast permeable side ditches and wells, (3) flexible permeable hoses, and (4) hardeners. These permeable materials allow for water absorption and infiltration to improve drainage and reduce flooding, heat islands, and subsidence. The materials and production processes aim to minimize environmental impact.
This document provides information about Crownswear's third generation soft drain hose product. It describes the hose's layered structure, materials used including high carbon steel wire and polyester fibers, and advantages over other drain pipes. The document also outlines suitable applications, installation methods, and testing properties of the drain hose.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces permeable pavement and trench covers to address issues caused by traditional impermeable surfaces. Their products include (1) color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers, (2) pre-cast permeable side ditches and wells, (3) flexible permeable hoses, and (4) hardeners. These permeable materials allow for water absorption and infiltration to improve drainage and reduce flooding, heat islands, and subsidence.
This document provides information about Crownswear's third generation soft drain hose product. It describes the hose's layered structure, materials used including high carbon steel wire and polyester fibers, and advantages over other drain pipes. The document also outlines suitable applications, installation methods, and testing properties of the drain hose.
SC-01 is an inorganic liquid curing agent that can solidify substances like sludge, soil, and waste through electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. It reduces costs and environmental impacts of waste disposal while reusing waste as construction materials. When mixed with cement, SC-01 solidifies substances within a short time into materials suitable for retaining walls, roadbeds, and landscaping. Project references in China and Vietnam involved treating river sludge and waste soil into strong concrete blocks and embankments using SC-01.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces color permeable concrete pavement, permeable ditch covers, permeable side ditches, and permeable wells to improve drainage and the environment. The document discusses the benefits of permeable materials over traditional impermeable surfaces like concrete and asphalt. It also provides examples of Crownswear's permeable products installed at schools, parks, and golf courses in Taiwan and explains their water retention and drainage properties.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces permeable pavement and trench covers to address issues caused by traditional impermeable surfaces. Their products include (1) color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers, (2) pre-cast permeable side ditches and wells, (3) flexible permeable hoses, and (4) hardeners. These permeable materials allow for water absorption and infiltration to improve drainage and reduce flooding, heat islands, and subsidence. The materials and production processes aim to minimize environmental impact.
This document provides information about Crownswear's third generation soft drain hose product. It describes the hose's layered structure, materials used including high carbon steel wire and polyester fibers, and advantages over other drain pipes. The document also outlines suitable applications, installation methods, and testing properties of the drain hose.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces permeable pavement and trench covers to address issues caused by traditional impermeable surfaces. Their products include (1) color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers, (2) pre-cast permeable side ditches and wells, (3) flexible permeable hoses, and (4) hardeners. These permeable materials allow for water absorption and infiltration to improve drainage and reduce flooding, heat islands, and subsidence.
This document provides information about Crownswear's third generation soft drain hose product. It describes the hose's layered structure, materials used including high carbon steel wire and polyester fibers, and advantages over other drain pipes. The document also outlines suitable applications, installation methods, and testing properties of the drain hose.
SC-01 is an inorganic liquid curing agent that can solidify substances like sludge, soil, and waste through electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. It reduces costs and environmental impacts of waste disposal while reusing waste as construction materials. When mixed with cement, SC-01 solidifies substances within a short time into materials suitable for retaining walls, roadbeds, and landscaping. Project references in China and Vietnam involved treating river sludge and waste soil into strong concrete blocks and embankments using SC-01.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces color permeable concrete pavement, permeable ditch covers, permeable side ditches, and permeable wells to improve drainage and the environment. The document discusses the benefits of permeable materials over traditional impermeable surfaces like concrete and asphalt. It also provides examples of Crownswear's permeable products installed at schools, parks, and golf courses in Taiwan and explains their water retention and drainage properties.
Color permeable concrete pavement and color permeable ditch covers provide high permeability and aesthetic appeal for urban environments. The materials allow for water infiltration and retention to reduce flooding and urban heat island effects. Case studies demonstrate applications for pedestrian walkways, parking lots, and other surfaces where permeable pavement has been used.
This document discusses color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers that allow for water infiltration. It notes that traditional pavement is impermeable and prevents the ground from absorbing water, which can lead to urban heat island effects and flooding. Permeable materials improve the ground's infiltration abilities. The document provides examples of permeable concrete projects in Taiwan and describes the construction methods and benefits of permeable pavement and covers, which include improving ecology, reducing flooding, lowering infrastructure costs, and decreasing energy usage.
Color permeable concrete pavement and color permeable ditch covers provide high permeability and aesthetic appeal for urban environments. The company Crownswear produces these materials as well as permeable side ditches and wells to improve stormwater management. Their products are made from sustainable "green" materials and have been used in projects across Taiwan and Vietnam to reduce urban heat islands and flooding while enhancing land and water resources.
This document discusses color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers that allow for water infiltration. It notes that traditional pavement is impermeable and prevents the ground from absorbing water, which can lead to urban heat island effects and flooding. Permeable materials improve the ground's infiltration abilities. The document provides examples of permeable concrete projects in Taiwan and describes the construction methods and benefits of permeable pavement and covers, which include improving ecology, reducing flooding, lowering infrastructure costs, and decreasing energy usage.
This document discusses color permeable concrete pavement and trench covers that allow for water infiltration. It notes that traditional pavement is impermeable and prevents the ground from absorbing water, which can lead to urban heat island effects and flooding. Permeable materials improve the ground's infiltration abilities. The document provides examples of permeable concrete projects in Taiwan and describes the construction methods and benefits of permeable pavement and covers for drainage, groundwater retention, and reducing urban heating and flooding issues.
Crownswear Enterprise Corporation produces color permeable concrete pavement and color permeable ditch covers. The document introduces these permeable paving materials and provides examples of construction projects using them. It also discusses the environmental benefits of permeable pavements, such as reducing urban heat islands, flooding, and allowing for groundwater recharge. Photos show permeable concrete being poured onsite and finished pavement installations.
This document discusses permeable concrete pavements and covers that allow for water infiltration. It provides examples of construction projects using permeable concrete in Taiwan. Permeable concrete surfaces improve stormwater management, reduce urban heat islands, and allow for groundwater recharge compared to traditional impermeable surfaces. The document also presents permeable trench covers and infiltration ditches that complement permeable pavement in providing fully permeable urban and community designs.
This document discusses permeable concrete pavement and trench covers that allow for water infiltration. It notes that traditional pavement is impermeable and prevents the ground from absorbing water, which can lead to issues like urban heat islands. Permeable materials provide environmental benefits like reducing runoff, replenishing groundwater, and mitigating high temperatures. The company produces permeable concrete products in various colors that are used in applications like walkways, parking lots, and around buildings and swimming pools. Installation methods and actual project examples are also presented.
4. Grade 62 or 67B high-carbon steel wire is adopted as raw material.
使用62或67B種高碳鋼彈簧硬鋼線材料。
With rest-proof and PVC-coatiog process. It prevent the steel wire from oxidization.
經磷酸防銹處理,外包覆PVC(因PVC具有較佳的彈性)。能完全包覆使彈簧硬鋼
線不會與空氣接觸,而產生氧化的現象。
The old hose, containing 1 out-layer was easily broken, and the new one, containing 3 out-
layer, is strong enough against breakage.
因早期只有外被覆層(一層)而且是收縮型的容易倒管,破損,現已加強管壁為三層
,屬於崩開型的透水管。
The mid layer, made from 0.1~0.38mm spunbonded nonwoven, allow the tiny organic material
passing through the hose to avoid outside sediment (the needle punched nonwoven over
0.6mm will cause outside sediment easily and lower the draining effiiciency).
中間不織布為長纖熱熔式,其厚度為0.1mm~0.38mm,該過的有機物還是要讓他過,
才不會堵塞在管壁上。( 若不織布採用針扎式的,其厚度為0.6mm以上的話,砂石容
易堵塞在管壁上,降低排水效果。)
The outer layer made from Polyester and other special yarn do not rot.
外被覆層採用特多龍紗及特殊合成纖維,不腐爛。
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
Hose Structure
軟管結構說明
5. Due to the different pressure underground, the water always flow from the high pressure area to low
pressure area where drain hose been buried. The underground water, surrounding the drain hose, will be
attracted by its weft yarn (capillary attraction) and collected in the hose, then drained out. This
continuous movement will lower the level of underground water effectively without any soil collapse and
chemical contamination. 利用土壓的原理而產生壓力差,而軟式透水管用鋼線做支撐體故使孔隙
水進到管內,管壁的緯紗有了毛細現象,吸水飽和流入管內後形成一條水道,因而達到了降
低地下水位的功能,且不會造成土層崩蝕及造成化學污染。
Drain hose is able to lower the level of underground water、drain the surface and penetrating water out
to improve the soil、solidify the soft soil and avoid soil collapse. 廣水軟式透水管可降低地下水位、
排除表面水、滲透水、土質改良、軟土加固防止崩塌及土石流。
The penetrable area of conventional HDPE is limited to the perforated area only, but raising up the
perforation area will decrease the resistance of pipe against pressure. Crownswear’s soft drain hose
provide more advantages in both penetration and pressure resistance than HDPE and other perforated
pipes.
透水面積大於50%以上,HDPE管視開孔率的多寡來計算透水面積,且孔率的多寡影響到管子
的耐壓強度。因此,廣水軟管透水量及耐壓強度大於HDPE管、網管及其他打洞硬式管。
Crownswear drain hose contains two parts: 軟管分二部份
Hose wall: it provide superior filtration、 drainage and more penetration area.
a.管 壁 部 份-具過濾性,排水功能,透水面積大。
Support: hose is supported by high tenacity steel wire to keep drainage effective.
b.支撐體部分-利用高強力彈簧硬鋼線支撐管壁,來達到排水的功能。
Advantages
功能特性
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
6. for Field Drainage, Golf Course, Landscape to prevent ponding
高爾夫球場,運動場,棒球場,人造景觀休憩綠地排水
for Tunnel, Concealed Perimeter Drain
隧道,橫向水平鑽孔排水
for Roadside, Railside, Airport
道路路基排水,鐵、公路,機場排水
for Hillside Drainage and Slope Protection
山坡地開發邊坡之水土保持
for Garbage Treatment Site
廢棄處理場排水
for Coal Storage Areas
火力發電廠排水
for Retaining Walls in water logged areas
各種擋土牆背面垂直及水平排水
for Soil Stabilization and Land Reclamation
固實土壤,土質改良
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
Area of Usage
適用範圍
7. Testing properties 軟式透水管試驗標準表
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
試 驗 項 目
Testing Item
試 驗 方 法
Testing Method
標 準
Result(at least)
單 位
Unit
備 註
Remarks
1
抗拉強度
Tensile
Strength
CNS 5610
L 3080
120以上 經 線
Warp
Kg/5cm 夾具:5cm
拉速:300
mm/min
Width of
Specimen:5cm
Speed:300mm/min
90以上 緯 線
weft
Kg/5cm
2
伸 長 率
Elongation at
break
CNS 5610
L 3080
20以上 經 線
warp
%
20以上 緯 線
Weft
%
3
撕裂強度
Tearing
Strength
CNS 5610
L 3080
35以上 經 線
Warp
Kg
32以上 緯 線
Weft
Kg
4 密 度
Density
目視計數
By eye
3.4以上 經線
Warp
條/cm
50以上 (200丹以上)
(at least 200D/1)
緯線
weft
5
透水係數
Coefficient of
Pereating
CNS10460
L 3201
0.02以上 Cm/sec
定水頭10cm
Constant head of
water:10cm
9. 軟式透水管有管壁及鋼線做支撐體而硬管只有管壁做支撐體
Crushing Strength
壓力測試
Crownswear Flexible Permeable Hose Vs Concrete Porous Pipe
廣水軟式透水管和硬管(網管)比較表
口徑
Nominal
Diameter
(mm)
軟式透水管
Crownswear Flexible
Permeable Hose
硬管(網管)
Concrete Porous
Pipe
測試結果
Comparison
Result
75/80 20920 N/m 20200 N/m Ok
100 21400 N/m 20200 N/m Ok
150/200 23160 N/m 20200 N/m Ok
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
10. Flattening Pressure Endurance Ratio
耐壓扁平率
Flexible Permeable Hose with the screw like reinforcement structure is constructed by using the strong
carbon steel wire which is to let external pressure to spread evenly around the body of the hose when press.
1.The list of pressure added with tolerence of +5%.
2.The test results is based on 25cm hose length,if testing length is 1 meter, then the pressure added will be 4 times of
this listed test results.
The test results is 1 meter.
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
(外徑)
12. Methods of Installation
安裝方法
Flexibility, lightweight and easy to install cost effective.
伸縮性強 、容易安裝、施工方便、省時、省力。
Geotextiles is not required, for wrap-around the pipes.
無需不織布覆蓋軟管表面
No fittings is required for jointings (i.e.T-joints, Y-joints or elbows).無
需用接頭,節省接頭費用。
(We fabricate bends, tees, elbows reducer by using the parent hose.)
使用同軟管連接
The hose can be installed horizontally, vertically, diagonally or in
herringbone design or 90
。
or any other way the client wishes to
install.
軟管安裝方法可橫向,直向,斜向,八字型,可90。
彎曲安裝
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
13. TABLE OF FLOW QUANTITY AND VELOCITY DATA
流量和流速參數表
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
14. Static Pressure of Ground
靜 土 壓
Sub-Soil Drainage Technology At Its Best
Static Pressure of Ground
The static pressure of ground above the buried
pipe can be counted pre following formula:
P: Static pressure of ground (kg/m2)
h: the burying depth
B: the width of ditch
W: the weight of 1 m3 soil (2000kg/m3,soil and
rock)
Ө: 40゚ (the angle of ____ ) (May adjust)
e: the base of _____ (May adjust)
B: Pipe diameter (D)X2
18. Typical Trench Details
一般土溝之設計詳圖
Recommendation I :
- Road Base
Drainage
- Railside Drainage
路肩、鐵道排水
Recommendation II :
- Concealed Perimeter
Drain
暗溝週邊排水
Recommendation III :
- Field Drainage
一般草場排水
NOTE:THE BACKFILLING MATERIALS WILL DEPENDS ON.
1.COST BETWEEN AGGREGATE AND SAND.
2.THE RATE OF INFILTRATION, USING AGGREGATE WILL CREATE A BETTER POROUSITY AND WILL
ENHANCE THE PERMEABILITY RATES.
** 回填土溝之材料選擇,將隨著下列因素變更
1.骨材與粗砂的成本。
2.用粗砂會獲得較好的孔隙率,且會增進其滲透率及排水量。
20. Typical Tunnel & Road Base
Drainage Design
隧道&路基排水配置圖
Vertical & Horizontal Tunnel
Drainage
垂直&水平隧道排水
Road Base Drainage System
路基排水
Permeable Hose
21. Tunnel Drainage Conceal Perimeter Drain
隧道排水 暗溝週邊排水
Tunnel Project in Nanjing, China
中國衛岡隧道
Bungalow at Jalan Tun Ismail, Ipoh
Perak.
馬來西亞暗溝排水
22. Road Drainage Railside Drain
路肩排水 鐵路排水
Sim Yang - Shan Hai Kuan Highway
Project in China
中國瀋陽—山海關高速公路
Electrified Double Tracking Project
between Rawang and Ipoh
雙軌鐵路(新加坡新山到馬來西亞怡保段)
23. Typical Retaining Wall Design
擋土牆排水
Vertical Drainage on Back of
Retaining Wall System
擋土牆背垂直排水配置圖
Horizontal Drainage on Back
of Retaining Wall System
擋土牆背水平排水配置圖
24. Retaining Wall Protection Drainage
擋土牆排水
Farlim area 9D, Bandar Baru Ayer
Item, Pulau Pinang.
檳城發林的擋土牆排水
Retaining Wall Project in Taiwan.
基隆海洋大學擋土牆排水
25. Typical Slope Drainage Design
Blind Ditch and Branches of
Intercepting Water on Ladder
Slope
邊坡穩定排水
Slope Protection Drainage
System
橫向排水
26. Slope Protection
邊坡穩定排水
MTD - Pos Slim - Lojing Highway
(Second East - West Highway)
MTD馬太公司-波斯林金崙高速公路
(第二橫貫高速公路)
Horizontal Drainage Project in
Taiwan.
南二高雲林嘉義路段 ,台灣
27. Vertical Drainage & Conceal Perimeter
Drainage Design
垂直排水&明/暗溝排水
Vertical Drainage System
垂直排水
Comparison between Open &
Conceal Drainage System
明溝/暗溝排水
37. Method of Installation
Step 1: To measure the dimension &
level.
測量及水平高程
Step 2: To construct a sump.
鑿陰井
Field Drainage (Sport Field)
埋設透水軟管程序
38. Method of Installation
Step 3: To drill the holes for the hose
outlet.
鑽洞預留孔
Step 4: To excavate the
trench for main hose.
開挖
Field Drainage (Sport Field)
39. Method of Installation
Step 6: To backfill the hose
with sand.
砂石級配回填
Step 5: To lay the main hose.
埋放透水軟管
Field Drainage (Sport Field)
40. Method of Installation
Step 7: To excavate and level the
branch hose.
開挖支管埋設地及測量水平
Step 8: To lay and tie the
joints.
軟管相連接
Field Drainage (Sport Field)
41. Method of Installation
Step 9: The T-joint.
接頭方式
Step 10: To measure the finish
level.
完工後再測量一次水平
Field Drainage (Sport Field)
42. Method of Installation
Step 11: To mark the expected finish
level.
測量完水平後標示記號
Step 12: To flatten and chamfer
the surface layers.
地面回填整平
Field Drainage (Sport Field)