SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Page 1 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
EXCERPTS FROM
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT’S
SEPTEMBER 2003
Paper On Some Policy Issues Before The Office Of the Prosecutor
NOTE: Pictures/Images, Boldface, Caps, Italics, Underline, etc. have been added for EMPHASIS
PAGE 2
In other words, the Prosecutor will need the support of national or international forces in order
to investigate in situ. If these forces are not available, the Prosecutor will need to investigate from
outside and rely on international co-operation for the arrest and surrender of the alleged
perpetrators. . . .
Page 2 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
To the extent possible the Prosecutor will encourage States to initiate their own
proceedings. As a general rule, the policy of the Office of the Prosecutor will be to undertake
investigations only where there is a clear case of failure to act by the State or States concerned.
. . .
PAGE 4
1.1. The principle of complementarity
The ICC is not intended to replace national courts, but to operate when national structures
and courts are unwilling or unable to conduct investigations and prosecutions. . . .
Page 3 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
Consequently, in deciding whether to investigate or prosecute, the Prosecutor must first
assess whether there is or could be an exercise of jurisdiction by national systems with respect to
particular crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. The Prosecutor can proceed only where
States fail to act, or are not “genuinely” investigating or prosecuting, as described in article
17 of the Rome Statute.
Article 17 provides exceptions to the primacy of State jurisdiction. The Court will be able
to declare a case to be admissible when a State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out
the investigation or prosecution.
A State is unwilling if the national decision has been made and proceedings are or were being
undertaken for the purpose of shielding the person concerned from criminal responsibility;
there has been an unjustified delay which is inconsistent with an intent to bring the person
concerned to justice; or the proceedings were not or are not being conducted independently or
impartially.
To assess whether a State is unable to act, the Prosecutor will need to determine whether
“due to a total or substantial collapse or unavailability of its national judicial system, the State is
unable to obtain the accused or the necessary evidence and testimony or otherwise unable to
carry out its proceedings”. This provision was inserted to take account of situations where there
was a lack of central government, or a state of chaos due to the conflict or crisis, or public
disorder leading to collapse of national systems which prevents the State from discharging its
duties to investigate and prosecute crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. . . .
Page 4 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
PAGES 5 and 6
It should however be recalled that the system of complementarity is principally based on
the recognition that the exercise of national criminal jurisdiction is not only a right but also a duty
of States. Indeed, the principle underlying the concept of complementarity is that States
remain responsible and accountable for investigating and prosecuting crimes committed
under their jurisdiction and that national systems are expected to maintain and enforce
adherence to international standards. This principle is emphasised in the Preamble of the Rome
Statute, recalling that “it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those
responsible for international crimes”. . . .
1.2. What does complementarity imply for the Office of the Prosecutor?
The exercise of the Prosecutor’s functions under article 18 of notifying States of future
investigations will alert States with jurisdiction to the possibility of taking action them-selves. In
a case where multiple States have jurisdiction over the crime in question the Prosecutor
should consult with those States best able to exercise jurisdiction (e.g. primarily the State where
the alleged crime was committed, the State of nationality of the suspects, the State which has
custody of the accused, and the State which has evidence of the alleged crime) with a view to
ensuring that jurisdiction is taken by the State best able to do so.
Page 5 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
2. The global nature of the International Criminal Court
Despite all efforts deployed to promote State action, it is clear that there will be cases in which
national systems will not be able or willing to fulfil their principal duty of investigating and
prosecuting the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole. In
such cases, the ICC must fill the gap created by the failure of States to satisfy their duty to
investigate and the Office of the Prosecutor will need to exercise its investigative powers with
firmness and efficiency, using the means and procedures provided by the Statute. . . .
. . . The Prosecutor may also
be asked to act in a situation
where those who have the
legitimate monopoly of force in
a State are themselves the ones
to commit the crimes, and the
enforcement authorities in that
State will consequently not be
available to the Prosecutor. In
circumstances such as these the
Prosecutor will not be able to
exercise his powers without the
intervention of the
international community,
whether through the use of peacekeeping forces or otherwise; the Prosecutor will not be able to
establish an office in the country concerned without being assured of its safety. He will also
have to be assured that there will be the means available for investigation, protection of
witnesses and arrest of suspects. . . .
Page 6 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE
PAGE 6 and 7
Should the Office seek to bring charges against all alleged perpetrators? The Statute gives
some guidance to answer this question. The Preamble affirms that “the most serious crimes of
concern to the international community as a whole must not go unpunished”. It continues that
States Parties to the Statute are determined to establish a “permanent International Criminal
Court in relationship with the United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious
crimes of concern to the international community as a whole”. . . .
2.3 Modalities of investigation
In order to prove the responsibility of leaders, the investigation must put emphasis on a
comprehensive analysis of crimes committed, in order to piece together patterns and chains of
command, and to collect the type of evidence making it possible to establish the criminal
responsibility of those who designed the plans, gave the orders or otherwise supervised or
failed to prevent the commission of crimes, in accordance with the Statute.

More Related Content

Similar to 090319 EXCERPT From International Criminal Court's 09-2003 Paper On Some Policy Issues Before The Office Of the Prosecutor

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEET
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEETINTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEET
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEET
VogelDenise
 
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESH
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESHTHE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESH
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESH
MYO AUNG Myanmar
 
International criminal court against child kidnapping
  International criminal court against child kidnapping  International criminal court against child kidnapping
International criminal court against child kidnapping
International Criminal Court Against Child Kidnapping
 
CRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptx
CRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptxCRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptx
CRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptx
AzzilleDipasupil1
 
APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROON
APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROONAPPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROON
APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROON
AkashSharma618775
 
Principle of complementarity
Principle of complementarityPrinciple of complementarity
Principle of complementarity
gagan deep
 
Hrr article 6
Hrr article 6Hrr article 6
Hrr article 6
ZapataElimiano
 
Overview of Asset Confiscation Bill
Overview of Asset Confiscation BillOverview of Asset Confiscation Bill
Overview of Asset Confiscation Bill
AHRP Law Firm
 
Chapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docx
Chapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docxChapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docx
Chapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docx
christinemaritza
 
Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...
Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...
Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...
Vilashini Devi
 
Criminal Justice System.pptx
Criminal Justice System.pptxCriminal Justice System.pptx
Criminal Justice System.pptx
Don Caeiro
 
The Law on Extradition
The Law on ExtraditionThe Law on Extradition
The Law on Extradition
Quincy Kiptoo
 
191205 rep-otp-pe
191205 rep-otp-pe191205 rep-otp-pe
191205 rep-otp-pe
ssusera7816d
 
thesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdf
thesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdfthesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdf
thesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdf
ssuser8dafde1
 
Valenzuela vs. people
Valenzuela vs. peopleValenzuela vs. people
Valenzuela vs. people
Frances Emily Sanchez
 
Fact-Finding Procedures in China
Fact-Finding Procedures in ChinaFact-Finding Procedures in China
INQUEST.pptx
INQUEST.pptxINQUEST.pptx
Us Icc Crim Pro
Us Icc Crim ProUs Icc Crim Pro
Us Icc Crim Pro
luciagiovannadicicco
 
CJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docx
CJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docxCJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docx
CJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docx
clarebernice
 
Bộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anh
Bộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anhBộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anh
Bộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anh
Hung Nguyen
 

Similar to 090319 EXCERPT From International Criminal Court's 09-2003 Paper On Some Policy Issues Before The Office Of the Prosecutor (20)

INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEET
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEETINTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEET
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT - FACT SHEET
 
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESH
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESHTHE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESH
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC) AND MYANMAR-BANGLADESH
 
International criminal court against child kidnapping
  International criminal court against child kidnapping  International criminal court against child kidnapping
International criminal court against child kidnapping
 
CRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptx
CRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptxCRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptx
CRIM-PROC-GEN-PRINCIPLES.pptx
 
APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROON
APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROONAPPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROON
APPEALS AGAINST DECISIONS OF THE EXAMINING MAGISTRATE IN CAMEROON
 
Principle of complementarity
Principle of complementarityPrinciple of complementarity
Principle of complementarity
 
Hrr article 6
Hrr article 6Hrr article 6
Hrr article 6
 
Overview of Asset Confiscation Bill
Overview of Asset Confiscation BillOverview of Asset Confiscation Bill
Overview of Asset Confiscation Bill
 
Chapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docx
Chapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docxChapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docx
Chapter1. Plea bargaining.Plea agreement is any agreement in a c.docx
 
Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...
Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...
Significant development of the role of the International Criminal Court post ...
 
Criminal Justice System.pptx
Criminal Justice System.pptxCriminal Justice System.pptx
Criminal Justice System.pptx
 
The Law on Extradition
The Law on ExtraditionThe Law on Extradition
The Law on Extradition
 
191205 rep-otp-pe
191205 rep-otp-pe191205 rep-otp-pe
191205 rep-otp-pe
 
thesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdf
thesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdfthesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdf
thesecondpillar-160918234230 (1).pdf
 
Valenzuela vs. people
Valenzuela vs. peopleValenzuela vs. people
Valenzuela vs. people
 
Fact-Finding Procedures in China
Fact-Finding Procedures in ChinaFact-Finding Procedures in China
Fact-Finding Procedures in China
 
INQUEST.pptx
INQUEST.pptxINQUEST.pptx
INQUEST.pptx
 
Us Icc Crim Pro
Us Icc Crim ProUs Icc Crim Pro
Us Icc Crim Pro
 
CJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docx
CJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docxCJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docx
CJUS 500Presentation Courts (Part 1) TranscriptSlide 1.docx
 
Bộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anh
Bộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anhBộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anh
Bộ luật Tố tụng hình sự - Tiếng anh
 

Recently uploaded

projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdf
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfprojet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdf
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdf
EdouardHusson
 
bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfde
bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfdebombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfde
bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfde
bhavenpr
 
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm  Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm  Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...
rittaajmal71
 
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
LUMINATIVE MEDIA/PROJECT COUNSEL MEDIA GROUP
 
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...
The Lifesciences Magazine
 
Organisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhn
Organisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhnOrganisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhn
Organisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhn
bhavenpr
 
Markakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdf
Markakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdfMarkakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdf
Markakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdf
Abraham Lebeza
 
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational Profitability
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational ProfitabilityShark Tank Jargon | Operational Profitability
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational Profitability
TheUnitedIndian
 
On the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | News
On the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | NewsOn the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | News
On the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | News
Harsh Kumar
 
The Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdf
The Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdfThe Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdf
The Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdf
blueshagoo1
 
Bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdf
Bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdfBombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdf
Bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdf
bhavenpr
 
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"
ScyllaDB
 
Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...
Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...
Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...
bhavenpr
 
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, Oxford University
 
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
FIRST INDIA
 
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
dynamo777
 
The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdfThe Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
ECSPE - Saving the Persecuted and Enslaved
 
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
ckn2izdm
 

Recently uploaded (20)

projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdf
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdfprojet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdf
projet de traité négocié à Istanbul (anglais).pdf
 
bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfde
bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfdebombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfde
bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-film-June-6.pdfde
 
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm  Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm  Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...
 
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
Howard Fineman, Veteran Political Journalist and TV Pundit, Dies at 75
 
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...
 
Organisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhn
Organisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhnOrganisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhn
Organisations.pdf k[poikdip-jhhohuhejhnjhn
 
Markakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdf
Markakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdfMarkakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdf
Markakis-Schlee-Young-2021-The-nation-state.pdf
 
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational Profitability
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational ProfitabilityShark Tank Jargon | Operational Profitability
Shark Tank Jargon | Operational Profitability
 
On the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | News
On the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | NewsOn the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | News
On the Wrong Track | Recent Increasing Train Accidents in India | News
 
The Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdf
The Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdfThe Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdf
The Impact of Imperial Mode of Living on Migration.pdf
 
Bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdf
Bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdfBombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdf
Bombay-hc-hamare-baraah-order-june-7.pdf
 
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"
Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"
 
Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...
Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...
Snigdha-Sreenath-Minor-v-Travancore-Devaswom-Board-WPCNO-39847-OF-2023-2024-L...
 
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024
 
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdf
 
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
A draft Ukraine-Russia treaty from April 2022
 
The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdfThe Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
The Rise of Christian Persecution In Islamic Countries (1).pdf
 
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
在线办理(latrobe毕业证书)拉筹伯大学毕业证Offer一模一样
 

090319 EXCERPT From International Criminal Court's 09-2003 Paper On Some Policy Issues Before The Office Of the Prosecutor

  • 1. Page 1 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE EXCERPTS FROM INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT’S SEPTEMBER 2003 Paper On Some Policy Issues Before The Office Of the Prosecutor NOTE: Pictures/Images, Boldface, Caps, Italics, Underline, etc. have been added for EMPHASIS PAGE 2 In other words, the Prosecutor will need the support of national or international forces in order to investigate in situ. If these forces are not available, the Prosecutor will need to investigate from outside and rely on international co-operation for the arrest and surrender of the alleged perpetrators. . . .
  • 2. Page 2 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE To the extent possible the Prosecutor will encourage States to initiate their own proceedings. As a general rule, the policy of the Office of the Prosecutor will be to undertake investigations only where there is a clear case of failure to act by the State or States concerned. . . . PAGE 4 1.1. The principle of complementarity The ICC is not intended to replace national courts, but to operate when national structures and courts are unwilling or unable to conduct investigations and prosecutions. . . .
  • 3. Page 3 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE Consequently, in deciding whether to investigate or prosecute, the Prosecutor must first assess whether there is or could be an exercise of jurisdiction by national systems with respect to particular crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. The Prosecutor can proceed only where States fail to act, or are not “genuinely” investigating or prosecuting, as described in article 17 of the Rome Statute. Article 17 provides exceptions to the primacy of State jurisdiction. The Court will be able to declare a case to be admissible when a State is unwilling or unable genuinely to carry out the investigation or prosecution. A State is unwilling if the national decision has been made and proceedings are or were being undertaken for the purpose of shielding the person concerned from criminal responsibility; there has been an unjustified delay which is inconsistent with an intent to bring the person concerned to justice; or the proceedings were not or are not being conducted independently or impartially. To assess whether a State is unable to act, the Prosecutor will need to determine whether “due to a total or substantial collapse or unavailability of its national judicial system, the State is unable to obtain the accused or the necessary evidence and testimony or otherwise unable to carry out its proceedings”. This provision was inserted to take account of situations where there was a lack of central government, or a state of chaos due to the conflict or crisis, or public disorder leading to collapse of national systems which prevents the State from discharging its duties to investigate and prosecute crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. . . .
  • 4. Page 4 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE PAGES 5 and 6 It should however be recalled that the system of complementarity is principally based on the recognition that the exercise of national criminal jurisdiction is not only a right but also a duty of States. Indeed, the principle underlying the concept of complementarity is that States remain responsible and accountable for investigating and prosecuting crimes committed under their jurisdiction and that national systems are expected to maintain and enforce adherence to international standards. This principle is emphasised in the Preamble of the Rome Statute, recalling that “it is the duty of every State to exercise its criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes”. . . . 1.2. What does complementarity imply for the Office of the Prosecutor? The exercise of the Prosecutor’s functions under article 18 of notifying States of future investigations will alert States with jurisdiction to the possibility of taking action them-selves. In a case where multiple States have jurisdiction over the crime in question the Prosecutor should consult with those States best able to exercise jurisdiction (e.g. primarily the State where the alleged crime was committed, the State of nationality of the suspects, the State which has custody of the accused, and the State which has evidence of the alleged crime) with a view to ensuring that jurisdiction is taken by the State best able to do so.
  • 5. Page 5 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE 2. The global nature of the International Criminal Court Despite all efforts deployed to promote State action, it is clear that there will be cases in which national systems will not be able or willing to fulfil their principal duty of investigating and prosecuting the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole. In such cases, the ICC must fill the gap created by the failure of States to satisfy their duty to investigate and the Office of the Prosecutor will need to exercise its investigative powers with firmness and efficiency, using the means and procedures provided by the Statute. . . . . . . The Prosecutor may also be asked to act in a situation where those who have the legitimate monopoly of force in a State are themselves the ones to commit the crimes, and the enforcement authorities in that State will consequently not be available to the Prosecutor. In circumstances such as these the Prosecutor will not be able to exercise his powers without the intervention of the international community, whether through the use of peacekeeping forces or otherwise; the Prosecutor will not be able to establish an office in the country concerned without being assured of its safety. He will also have to be assured that there will be the means available for investigation, protection of witnesses and arrest of suspects. . . .
  • 6. Page 6 of 6 17 USC § 107 Limitations on Exclusive Rights – FAIR USE PAGE 6 and 7 Should the Office seek to bring charges against all alleged perpetrators? The Statute gives some guidance to answer this question. The Preamble affirms that “the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole must not go unpunished”. It continues that States Parties to the Statute are determined to establish a “permanent International Criminal Court in relationship with the United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole”. . . . 2.3 Modalities of investigation In order to prove the responsibility of leaders, the investigation must put emphasis on a comprehensive analysis of crimes committed, in order to piece together patterns and chains of command, and to collect the type of evidence making it possible to establish the criminal responsibility of those who designed the plans, gave the orders or otherwise supervised or failed to prevent the commission of crimes, in accordance with the Statute.