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١ COMPUTER BASED TRAINING (CBT) Instrument Training Courses (ITC) ‫اي‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﺑﺰاردﻗﻴﻖ‬ 7 - 7 - ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫در‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزو‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ wiper ،‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ‬ wiper ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫آن‬ ،‫ﻟﻐﺰد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎزوي‬ wiper ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮردون‬ Bellows ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ . ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬ wiper ‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ . ‫ﺑﺎزو‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺪار‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻣﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ . ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳ‬ ،‫وﺗﺴﻮن‬ ‫ﭘﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫آﻳﺪ‬ . ‫روﺷ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻧﺴﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ 5 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ psi 10000 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ . ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻧﺴﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫دﻗﺖ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬ Drift ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 0,5 % ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 1 % ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮاﺳﻴﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﻮردن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزوي‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ wiper ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ - ‫ﮔﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ . ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻤﻲ‬ .

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043.pdf

  • 1.
    ١ COMPUTER BASED TRAINING (CBT) Instrument Training Courses (ITC) ‫اي‬ ‫رﺳﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ‬‫اﻓﺰار‬ ‫ﻧﺮم‬ ‫اﺑﺰاردﻗﻴﻖ‬ 7 - 7 - ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫در‬ ‫واﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزو‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪه‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ‬ ‫ي‬ wiper ،‫دارد‬ ‫ﻧﺎم‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ‬ . ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ‬ wiper ‫روي‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫آن‬ ،‫ﻟﻐﺰد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﺎزوي‬ wiper ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮردون‬ Bellows ‫ا‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫وﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ . ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮر‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻲ‬ wiper ‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫آن‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ . ‫ﺑﺎزو‬ ‫ﭼﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬ ‫روي‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺮار‬ ‫ﻣﺪار‬ ‫در‬ ‫آن‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﻃﻮل‬ ،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭻ‬ ‫ﻣﺪار‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮد‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‬ . ‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳ‬ ،‫وﺗﺴﻮن‬ ‫ﭘﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ‬ ‫اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﺪه‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫آﻳﺪ‬ . ‫روﺷ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺮوﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫آوردن‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﺳﺎده‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷ‬ ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﺪ‬ . ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮي‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻧﺴﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎرﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ‬ 5 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ psi 10000 ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ،‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻳ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺳﺎن‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ‬ . ‫اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺑﺪون‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻧﺴﺪﻳﻮﺳﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫دﻗﺖ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮ‬ Drift ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 0,5 % ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 1 % ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ . ‫ﻛﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮاﺳﻴﻮن‬ ‫ﺧﻮردن‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎزوي‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﺎل‬ wiper ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ - ‫ﮔﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ‬ ‫ي‬ . ‫اﻧﺪازه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫اﻳﺠﺎد‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‬ ‫دارد‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻳﻦ‬ ‫در‬ ‫دﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺎي‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺮاي‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻤﻲ‬ .