Intervención de Milan Prodanovic, Fundación IMDEA Energía, en el marco de la jornada técnica Smartgrids - The making of en colaboración con IMDEA. 3 de noviembre de 2010

1. Smart Energy Management Algorithms
Dr. Milan Prodanović
EOI, Madrid, November 2010

2. Introduction
Mission of IMDEA Energy is to promote renewable and clean energy technologies
Formed of six research units:
Thermo-Chemical (production of sustainable fuels, CO2 confinement and valorisation)
Bio-Chemical (production of sustainable fuels, CO2 confinement and valorisation)
Electrochemical (energy storage, development of systems with enhanced efficiency)
High Temperature Processes (solar energy, energy storage)
Energy Systems Analysis (CO2 confinement and valorisation, life-cycle analysis)
Electrical Processes (Smart management of networks, renewable energy, energy storage)
Collaboration with other IMDEA institutes
Research objectives of Electrical Processes Unit
Development of Smart management techniques for future power networks
Active demand side management and energy efficiency improvement
Management of energy storage devices across the network
Electric vehicles
Key technologies
ICT
Power electronics
Embedded RT control systems

3. SmartGrids
“A SmartGrid is an electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions
of all users connected to it - generators, consumers and those that do both – in
order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies.”
IMDEA Energy
EU Deployment Priorities for SmartGrids

4. SmartGrids
According to Strategic Deployment Document of European
Technology Platform, Key Challenges for SmartGrids are:
Strengthening the grid – ensuring transmission capacity
Moving offshore
Developing decentralized architectures
Communications – allowing RT operating and trading
Active demand side – all consumers play an active role
Integrating intermittent generation
Enhanced intelligence of generation, demand and the grid
Capturing the benefits of DG and storage
Preparing for electric vehicles

5. SmartGrids
According to Strategic Deployment Document of European
Technology Platform, Key Challenges for SmartGrids are:
Strengthening the grid – ensuring transmission capacity
Moving offshore
Developing decentralized architectures
Communications – allowing RT operating and trading
Active demand side – all consumers play an active role
Integrating intermittent generation
Enhanced intelligence of generation, demand and the grid
Capturing the benefits of DG and storage
Preparing for electric vehicles

6. Distribution Networks
WAN
CONTROL
Bus 10
PG5,QG5 Load 10
G
PL10,QL10
Gen 10 Bus 9
Load 9
SW4-10
PL9,QL9 SW3-9
Feeder 1 SW1 SW2 Feeder 2
PF1,QF1 PF2,QF2
Tr 1 Tr 4
Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4
Load 2 Load 3 Load 4
SW1-2
PL2,QL2 PL3,QL3 PL4,QL4
Bus 6 Bus 5
Load 6 Load 5
PL6,QL6 PL5,QL5
SW7-5
Conventional distribution networks:
Bus 7 Unidirectional power flows
Load 7
SW6-7 Limited number of generators
PL7,QL7
Passive loads
Bus 8
No active control, only reactive
(protection) functions
Voltage levels and power flows easily
Tr 8 maintained by open-loop control
Feeder 3
PF3,QF3 SW3
Limited measurement and control
required

7. Distribution Networks
WAN
CONTROL
Bus 10
PG5,QG5 Load 10
G
PL10,QL10
Gen 10 Bus 9
Load 9
SW4-10
PL9,QL9 SW3-9
Feeder 1 SW1 SW2 Feeder 2
PF1,QF1 PF2,QF2
Tr 1 Tr 4
Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4
Load 2 PG3,QG3 Load 3 Load 4
SW1-2
G
PL2,QL2 PL3,QL3 PL4,QL4
PE,QE AC Gen 3
DC
Bus 6 Bus 5
Load 6 Load 5
Energy storage
PL6,QL6 PL5,QL5
SW7-5
Bus 7
Load 7 Networks with DGs and active loads and:
SW6-7
PL7,QL7
Bidirectional power flows
Line congestion problems
Bus 8
PG8,QG8 Voltage excursions
G Protection issues
Gen 8
Tr 8 Only limited measurement and control
Feeder 3 provided
PF3,QF3 SW3
Limited use of energy storage

8. Distribution Networks
WAN
CONTROL
Bus 10
Fragment 1 PG5,QG5 Load 10
G
PL10,QL10
Gen 10 Bus 9
MU
Load 9
SW4-10
PL9,QL9 SW3-9
MU
Feeder 1 SW1 SW2 Feeder 2
PF1,QF1 PF2,QF2
Tr 1 Tr 4
Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4
Load 2 PG3,QG3 Load 3 Load 4
SW1-2
G
PL2,QL2 PL3,QL3 PL4,QL4
PE,QE AC Gen 3
DC
Bus 6 Bus 5
Fragment 2
Load 6 Load 5
Energy storage
PL6,QL6 PL5,QL5
SW7-5
Bus 7
Load 7
Future distribution networks: SW6-7 Future distribution networks:
PL7,QL7
Fragmented networks RT measurements and control
MU
Bus 8 available
Various generators connected PG8,QG8
Fragment 3 RT Active and reactive control
Active demand management and G
and protection functions
Smart loads Gen 8
Tr 8 RT arbitration for the resources
Large scale and aggregated Feeder 3
energy storage devices deployed PF3,QF3 SW3
RT energy trading between the
new entities in the network

9. Distribution Networks
Research Objectives
Devising algorithms for flexible real-time management of networks
Integration of distributed generation
Medium level generation 1MW-100MW
Aggregated small scale generation
Integration of large scale energy storage elements
Reversible hydro, electrochemical, mechanical
Aggregated storage such as electric vehicles
Decentralised management functions
Active demand side management
More efficient use of installed network capacity
Real-time energy trading
Real-time active and reactive network control
Network modelling assuming RT active management
Developing scenarios for fragmented use of distribution networks

10. Smart Energy Consumption
Small Networks, Microgrids, Smart Buildings and Residential Loads
Real-time demand side management and control
Advanced measurement and load prediction
Ability to control and limit consumption (Smart Appliances)
Energy efficiency improvement
Integration of local and on-site generation
Renewable energy (solar, wind, geo-thermal)
Gas micro-turbines, diesel generators, CHP
Integration and management of energy storage elements
Electrochemical (batteries, capacitor banks, fuel-cells)
Exploiting the effects of thermal capacitance
Security of supply
Real-time energy trading

11. Smart Energy Consumption
A conventional microgrid:
Only few generators and loads
Islanded or grid-connected
With or without energy storage
elements

12. Smart Energy Consumption
Smart microgrids:
Smart load controls and times
energy consumption
A consumer can also store energy
and act as a generator too!
Smart Generators benefit from
embedded energy storage
Network energy storage elements

13. Smart Energy Consumption
Network management:
RT measurement and control
Improved energy efficiency
Improved security of supply
RT energy trading between the
entities in and out of the microgrid
Control Room NETWORK
MANAGER
MU
MU
MU

14. Electric Vehicles
Recharging Station - Provider Green Recharging Station - provider SuperGreen
MU MU
Usage patterns and scenarios:
Vehicles require recharging
More than 90% of all vehicles stationary
at any time
New entities in the network
An example of service based approach
Car owner options
Choosing the recharging station
Recharging only
NETWORK Fast charging
MANAGER
Power Network
Timed charging
Car owner services
Energy storage
Recharging station functions
Recharging Station - Provider Green Energy management
AC P,Q Optimisation of energy cost
MU
DC Recharging station services
Fast charging
Network energy storage
P1 P2 P3
Reactive power control
DC DC DC Emergency power supply
DC DC DC
Energy trading
Network manager services
Energy trading
Energy storage
Energy transfer

15. Electric Vehicles
Investigating the impact of electric vehicle connection
Network reinforcement
Benefits analysis
Development of recharging points and station
Devising scenarios and usage patterns for vehicle recharging
Using car batteries as an aggregated energy storage
Providing service based solutions for:
Battery charging
Reactive power control
Emergency power
Demand side management
RT energy trading
Battery and supercapacitor technologies
Investigating static and dynamic properties
Life-cycle analysis

16. Electrical Processes Lab
Various IT equipment (PCs, routers)
Network sensors (voltage, current, etc.)
Ambient sensors (temperature, insolation, wind-speed)
Distribution level automation (tele-controlled switchgear)
Various energy source models (gas, solar, wind, fuel-cells)
Energy storage elements (batteries, capacitors, fly-wheels)
Various power converters (DC/DC, AC/DC, DC/AC)
Distribution network impedance
Flexible controller development and programming platforms

17. IMDEA Lab

18. Concluding Remarks
SmartGrids will provide flexible, real-time management of the
energy balance in the networks
A number of new entities (smart loads, generators and storage)
will be able to connect and offer their services in the energy
market
Network optimisation targets can be easily changed according to
the market and economic conditions
New, real-time, Smart energy management algorithms are
needed and should be deployed in all levels of power networks