Agricultural Research and Extension Program for the Catholic University of Sudan

1. Phase I Analysis Agriculture Research and Extension Programme www.cornellglobalsolutions.com

2. Introduction Historical and Cultural Context Agricultural Context Needs Analysis Institutional Context Complementary Initiatives

3. Map of Sudan Khartoum Wau Juba

5. Economic Conditions

6. Socio-cultural Factors

8. Comprehensive Peace Agreement Background Objective: Solve Conflict between Sudanese Government and Sudan People’s Liberation Movement / Army. Result of peace talks supported by international actors. Implemented in 2005. Implications Interim period from 2005 to 2011. Framework for the Interim Constitution Creation of the Government of Southern Sudan. Referendum in 2011 to decide adoption or cessation of the CPA.

9. Government Structure

10. International Relations Peace Promotion UN peacekeeping operations. International Investments Oil plays major role: 55% exports go to China, 26% to Japan and 5% to India. High investments in land by South Korea, United Arab Emirates and Egypt.

11. Economic Factors Growth Linked to Oil Production. Agriculture employs 80% of Workforce. Sudan’s GDP: $37 Billion Public Debt: 93.5 % of GDP Population below Poverty line: 40% Inflation rate: 16% Unemployment: 18.5% Real GDP Growth: 10.2%

12. Socio-Cultural Issues Religion and Indigenous Beliefs 70% Sunni Muslim, 5% Christian, and 25% Indigenous beliefs. Language English, Arabic, and more than 400 languages and dialects. Health and Welfare Malnutrition, disease, poverty, contaminated water. Education Less than 50% of Southern Sudan Children finish primary. Most children have always lived in War, many child soldiers. Gender Issues Women subordinate to men, values based on gender.

13. Security Conflicts at North-South border Religion and life-style differences, and economic interests. Lord’s Resistance Army History of raiding villages, killing and abducting people. Over 65,000 people displaces by LRA attacks. Guerrilla might increment actions after CPA referendum. Inter-Tribal Clashes Conflict in dry season, competition for limited resources. Minefields and Explosive Remnants of War

14. Agricultural Context Environment and Climate Change Crops Markets and Financial Institutions Food Security Extension

16. Major environmental challenges: deforestation, droughts, floods

17. Impacts of conflict on local environment

19. Utilizing agricultural potential

20. Focusing on local crops

22. Access to sustainable and reliable markets

23. Access to microcredit and loans

25. Food Insecurity

26. Malnutrition

28. Considering extension approach

29. Partnering with farmers

31. Needs Analysis: SWOT

32. Prioritizing Needs Seeds Tools Livestock Irrigation Agriculture Research and Extension Programme Basic health Low-cost technology Training (of women) Access to market & capital Farmer-oriented Participatory Sustainable Better infrastructure Develop local market (seeds & produce) Education and health Security

33. Institutional Context University – Faculty Administrative Interaction and Accountability Sharing Resources and Research at the University Regional and International Partnerships

34. University – Faculty Administrative Interaction and Accountability Key Support Structures Faculty Budgeting Human Resources Protocol

35. Key Support Structures Key Support Structures

36. Sharing Resources and Research at the University Cross-Faculty Projects Regional University Agricultural Partnerships Guest Researcher Exchanges

38. Awareness Campaigns

39. Women’s Empowerment

40. Agricultural Training

41. Microfinance

43. Government Based Initiatives Sierra Leone: Operation Feed the Nation and Farm Field Schools Teaches farmers skills to increase yields. Focuses on unskilled post-conflict youth, but includes both young and old. Trains farmers to be facilitators in their own communities

44. Government Based Initiatives Uganda: National Agricultural Advisory Services Also part of a national poverty reduction program Successfully reached more people than previous extension program Criticized by farmers for providing the knowledge to increase yields but not the financial means to use the knowledge

45. University Initiatives AhfadUniversityfor Women: REED Initiative Five year program with summers spent in rural developing areas Michigan State University: PEARL Initiative

46. Government Organizations and Private Firms Government Organizations The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) UNDP- Rapid Impact Emergency in Southern Sudan United Agency for International Development (USAID): Southern Sudan Agriculture Revitalization Program Private Firms: South Sudan Chamber of Commerce, Agriculture Hail Agricultural Development Company Citadel Capital Kenana Sugar Company

47. International NGOs Goals of International NGOs: Strengthen private enterprise, cooperatives, and market linkages Emphasize needs of returning refugees, ex-combatants and youth reintegrating into communities Generate employment, income and sustainable livelihoods Activities oriented towards urban centers of Juba, Yei and Wau CHF International: Community Livelihood Improvement Program for Southern Sudan (CLIPSS) WINROCK International :Southern Sudan Agriculture Revitalization Program