9I DON’T KNOW YOU BUT I TRUST YOU TO PLEASE GIVE ME YOUR BEST..docx

9
I DON’T KNOW YOU BUT I TRUST YOU TO PLEASE GIVE
ME YOUR BEST.
PLEASE THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT TO ME
PLEASE FOLLOW THE ORIGINAL ESSAY GUIDELINES
THAT I HAVE ATTACHED.
Causal Argument on Active Shooting
EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF ACTIVE SHOOTER IN THE
INTRO) Active shooting is largely caused by psychological
misconceptions of the perpetrator, who forms in their mind, a
victim and victimizer dark dialectic leading up to the action.
Whether the motive is vengeance, revenge upon bullies or the
result of violent imagery in modern culture, the perpetrator of
an active shooting is essentially, mentally disturbed.
Researchers report that, an active killer lives in isolation where
the world is poorly interpreted (U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, 2019). As a result, there is absence of benevolent
friendships, decency and reasonable humanity which is a result
of mental disturbance. The urge or drive to kill and even to die
in the process, is thus born and eventually executed as an active
shooting. In this paper, the various conditions and factors,
actions and intentions that bring about active shooting will be
discussed. In particular, (NO NEED TO TALK ABOUT WHAT
THIS ESSAY IS SEEKING…… PLEASE REWRITE)the essay
will seek to illustrate how society got here; that is, to the
adverse position where more than 750 active shootings have
happened in the past two decades (Federal Bureau of
Investigation, 2018). The worrisome to and of active shooting
trend is caused by sociological and psychological factors which
will only continue rising in the future. (REWORD THE THESIS
TO FIT BETTER….. THE THESIS DOES NOT FIT THE REST

OF THE ESSAY SO PLEASE REWRITE IT TO FIT THE
ESSAY)
Make sureyou show if you are for or against the trend. If it’s a
good aor bad trend. Predict if the trend is going to continue.
(START THE TOPIC SENTENCE WITH A CAUSE OF
ACTIVE SHOOTING TREND…. PLEASE RE-WRITE THIS
PARAGRAPH)The precipitating cause of an active shooting can
be explained by what Fahnestock and Secor (2003) describe as a
reciprocal cause. Following a Rogerian frame, one must think
about opposing positions with the aim of describing them fairly
meaning that, there should be due acknowledgement of
alternatives to claims as long as they be reasonable.
Accordingly, active shooters are the reactionary result of
bullying which actually breeds the problem (U.S. Department of
Homeland Security, 2019). A shooter is primarily, a bullied
person, whether directly or derivatively, they become victims of
either society or individuals (U.S. Department of Homeland
Security, 2019). As such, they ‘reciprocate’ by getting back at
their victimizers and the results are for example, the recent New
Zealand Shooting, the Columbine Shooting and the Las Vegas
Shooting among other shooting massacres in the world.
(DO NOT START THE PARAGRAPH WITH A MODEL OR
FRAME… START WITH A CAUSE AND CONNECT IT TO A
FRAME OF MODEL …………………PLEASE RE-WRITE)
Another model in the Rogerian structure, advocates for
connection and collaboration in an argument or supporting a
position. In this regard, to better understand the causes of active
shooting, we must tie in the ideas in Malcolm Gladwell's book,
‘The Tipping Point’. According to Gladwell (2000) an idea,
trend, or social behavior crosses a threshold, tips, and spreads
like wildfire. Using the analogy of an epidemic, a single sick
person eventually spreads a flu to the rest of the population. In
a similar manner, a fashion trend or popular product catches the
attention of the wider public as a result of one person first
popularizing the brand. A tipping point is therefore, a magic
moment when an idea, trend, or social behavior crosses a

threshold, tips, and spreads like wildfire (Gladwell, 2000).
(TRY TO INCLUDE A PARAGRAPH ABOUT MEDIA AND
RAP CULTURE AND HOW IT GLORIFIES KILLING AND
USING GUNS THEREFOR COPYCATS ARE CREATED AND
IT BECOMES A CIRCLE OF RECIPROCAL
(ANOTHER PARAGRAPH CAN BE ABOUT HOW THE NRA
MAKES GUN EASILY ACCESIBLE IN ORDER TO REAP
FROM THE BENEFITS)
(ONE MORE PARAGRAPH CAN BE ABOUT HOW NEWS
MEDIA THAT COVER THESE KILLINGS GIVE PEOPLE
IDEAS AND LEAVES ROOM FOR COPYCATS TO DO THE
KILLING.)
In a sociological setting, the tipping point refers to a moment
when messages and certain ideas, spread within society like
wildfire. In the recent decades, active shooting has spread like
wildfire, buoyed by violence in popular culture and media as
well as fundamentalist propaganda all over social media.
Further, Gladwell (2000) explains the three rules of epidemics
namely the law of the few, the stickiness factor and the power
of context. According to the law of the few, the success of any
kind of social epidemic is heavily dependent on the involvement
of people with a particular and rare set of social gifts (Gladwell,
2000). The stickiness factor refers to a memorable message
which an audience remembers through impactful and specific
content. Lastly, the power of context refers to the environment
as human behavior plays out in a given context. Active shooting
can be evaluated from these three rules of epidemics as
explained by Gladwell.
According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2017) between the
years 2000 and 2017, a total of 799 people were killed in active
shootings while 1418 were wounded in the United States of
America. Most recently, a male sailor in the U.S. Navy injured a
woman before he was shot dead at a Navy air station in Ocean,

Virginia Beach (Gajanan, 2019). In addition, the incidents of
active shooting take place in diverse areas including, areas of
commerce, educational environments, government property,
open spaces, residences, houses of worship, and health care
facilities (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2018).
Those who carry out active shooting, indeed have particular and
rare set of social gifts as described by Gladwell. In the recent
New Zealand shooting, Brenton Tarrant the Australian
perpetrator, was driven by racial hate and he later claimed
affiliation to white power groups (Al Jazeera News, 2019). In
the incident, he attacked innocent Muslim worshippers in two
separate mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand in what
authorities have labelled terrorist attacks. Having claimed 49
lives in the duo attacks, the shooter was arrested and put into
custody by the New Zealand authorities. Among the victims,
were a 68 year old and a four year old girl showing the
indiscriminate nature of the attacker. Referring to Gladwell, the
attacker clearly possessed peculiar traits aside from the rest of
the population and this contributed to his actions. Evaluated
psychologically, the shooter has a problem because even when
he was presented before the judge at court, he was remorseless
and kept smiling at the media cameras while flashing white
power hand signs (Al Jazeera News, 2019).
According to the Library of Congress (2015), The Gun Control
Act of 1958 refers to Japanese legislation that basically forbids
the citizens from possession and ownership of guns and swords.
It is aimed at legally controlling the possession of firearms and
swords and although the Japanese have severally amended the
law it has only been to increase restriction (The Library of
Congress, 2015). As a result, Japan as a country has one of the
world’s lowest deaths caused by gun violence or suicide (Ibid,
2015). To demonstrate, the suicide rate in Japan is alarmingly
high but at the same time, very few of these deaths are carried

out with the use of a gun or firearm (The Library of Congress,
2015). This shows clearly that, there is effectiveness of gun
control through legislation if the people would allow it.
On the contrary, in the United states where people have
assumed these rights, one in three people knows a person who
has been shot while firearm homicides are 20 times higher than
the rates of 22 combined countries with similar wealth and
population (CBS Interactive Inc. , 2018). In addition, there are
on average 7 children and teenagers killed by guns in a single
day in America and in a population of 100,000 there will be 13
such deaths (Ibid, 2018). In 2011, guns killed 31,076 Americans
in homicides, suicides, and unintentional shootings (Cook and
Goss, 2018). Nowhere else in the world do guns kill as many
people as they do in the United States of America and is a pity.
The notion that gun ownership by the citizens affords the pubic
and themselves greater protection is widely misplaced. This is
because in a recent study, 48% of the respondents gave
protection as their first reason to prefer such gun
possession/ownership which was 22% less than respondents in a
similar 1999 survey (Cook and Goss, 2018). During the same
period, the rates of crime have increased and so have the
accidental shootings, suicides by gun and domestic violence
involving shootings. It means that possession by the citizens
does not actually increase protection but instead endangers
people all the more.
By comparison, Israel and Switzerland have heavily armed
publics but the rates of gun related deaths re nowhere near that
of the United States of America. For instance, in Israel
beginning from 2006, the defense forces are not allowed to
carry guns while on leave and since, only 20% of suicides have
been caused by guns (Cook and Goss, 2018). In Switzerland,
there are more people who own guns even as compared to Israel
yet due to strict control and regulation, the rates of gun related
violence and deaths are among the world’s lowest (Cook and
Goss, 2018). This is despite the national requirement that all
eligible men serve in the armed forces up to the age of 34 years.

It means that control and regulation is the best answer to the
unacceptable rates of death and suicides by guns in the United
States of America.
Citizens in the United States of America should not have guns
for protection. Although the 2nd Amendment has been cited as
giving the citizens this right to guns, scholars are divided on its
strict legal interpretation due to the wording used. As such, the
rights may be curtailed to only include ownership within a
“militia” or the National Guard thereby limiting individual
rights of gun ownership. In addition to the legal concerns and
controversy, there are alarming statistics on the rate of gun
violence, homicide and suicides caused by the right to gun
ownership in the USA. For example, over a million Americans
have been killed due to gun related deaths in the past three
decades alone and this is more than all the combat deaths
combined for the same period (Cook and Goss, 2018).
According to Lopez (2019) the Second Amendment of the
United States Constitution states that, “A well-regulated
Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right
of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed”.
This is the basis upon which the argument for the individual
rights to gun possession and ownership has been built by the
proponents throughout the decades. In essence, there is the
individual right theory which interprets the quoted phrase as
meaning that there is a constitutional right for an individual
citizen of the United States of America to possess or own a gun
(Lopez, 2019). In addition, such an interpretation would further
mean that, state or other legislative bodies have no right to
prohibit or restrict gun possession and ownership in so far as
the individual citizen is concerned. This is the main pro in the
debate; that the people have a right to arm themselves
especially for defense and protection.
As a countermeasure to active shooting, citizens in the United
States of America should not have guns for protection. This is
of necessity and not mere sentiment as illustrated by the
alarming and uniquely American high number of deaths from

bun related violence, homicides and suicides. As has been
compared to Israel, Switzerland and Japan, legislation in the
United States needs to curtail the rights of individual possession
of lethal guns despite the 2nd Amendment. Indeed, the 2nd
amendment should be read in the interest of national defense
rather than seeking to enshrine individual rights to gun
ownership and possession which will not work.
In conclusion, active shooting is largely caused by
psychological misconceptions of the perpetrator, who forms in
their mind, a victim and victimizer dark dialectic leading up to
the action. Whether the motive is vengeance, revenge upon
bullies or the result of violent imagery in modern culture, the
perpetrator of an active shooting is essentially, mentally
disturbed. Researchers report that, an active killer lives in
isolation where the world is poorly interpreted. As a result,
there is absence of benevolent friendships, decency and
reasonable humanity which is a result of mental disturbance.
The urge or drive to kill and even to die in the process, is thus
born and eventually executed as an active shooting. Given
Gladwell’s three rules of epidemics namely the law of the few,
the stickiness factor and the power of context, active shooting
should be viewed from the perpetrator’s position, the social
context where guns are plenty and the authorities in power
being reluctant for any change despite active shooting deaths.
Works cited
Al Jazeera News. New Zealand mosque attack suspect Brenton
Tarrant grins in court. Mar 16, 2019. Web. April 7, 2019.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/zealand-terrorist-
attack-suspect-grins-court-190316011147796.html>
CBS Interactive Inc. Death by gun: Top 20 states with highest
2018. Web. April 7, 2019.
https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/death-by-gun-top-20-states-
with-highest-rates/21/ >
Cook, Paul. & Goss, Kelly. Gun Facts: From: The Gun Debate:
What Everyone Needs to Know. 2018. Web. April 7, 2019.

http://www.cagv.org/facts/>
Fahnestock, Jeanne & Secor, Marie. A Rhetoric of Argument:
Text and Reader 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill. 2003.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. A Study of the Pre-Attack
Behaviors of Active Shooters in the United States between 2000
and 2013. June 2018. Web. April 7, 2019.
https://www.fbi.gov/file.../pre-attack-behaviors-of-active-
shooters-in-us-2000-2013.p...>
Gajanan, Mahita. Gunman Dead, 1 Woman Injured After Active
Shooter Reported at Naval Air. April 5, 2019. Web. April 7,
2019. http://time.com/5564920/naval-air-station-oceana-
virginia-beach-shooting/>
Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can
Make a Big Difference. Little, Brown and Company, 2000.
Library of Congress. Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy:
Japan. 2015. Web. April 7, 2019.
https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/japan.php>
Lopez, German. Study: where gun laws are weaker, there are
more mass shootings. Mar 8, 2019. Web. April 7, 2019.
https://www.vox.com/2019/3/8/18254626/mass-shootings-gun-
violence-laws-study>
U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Active Shooter
Preparedness. 2019. Web. April 7, 2019.
https://www.dhs.gov/cisa/active-shooter-preparednes
U.S. Department of Justice. Quick Look: 250 Active Shooter
Incidents in the United States from 2000 to 2017. 2017. Web.
April 7, 2019. https://www.fbi.gov/about/partnerships/office-of-
partner-engagement/active-shooter-incidents-graphics>
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