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Summary and supplement of
“Multimodal Trajectory Predictions for
Autonomous Driving using Deep
Convolutional Networks”
summarized by てんちょう
著者
Henggang Cui, Vladan Radosavljevic, Fang-Chieh Chou, Tsung-
Han Lin, Thi Nguyen, Tzu-Kuo Huang, Jeff Schneider and
Nemanja Djuric1
url :https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.10732.pdf
コンテンツ
I. Introduction
II. Related work(関連作業)
I. Actor motion prediction in self driving systems(自己駆動システムにおけるアクターの動き予測)
II. Machine learning prediction models(機械学習予測モデル)
III. Proposed approach(提案されたアプローチ)
I. Problem setting(問題の設定)
II. Modeling multimodal trajectories(マルチモーダル軌道のモデリング)
III. Multimodal optimization functions(マルチモーダル最適化関数)
IV. Lane-following multimodal predictions(レーンフォローのモーダル予測)
IV. Experiments(実験)
I. Empirical results(実績)
V. Conclusion(結論)
VI. References(参考文献)
主題になっているのはどんなもの?
• いままでマルチモーダルの手法が議論されてきたが今回CNNを使っ
てどのくらいの精度が出るか。そして、それが有効なのか。
• 動的アクターのピクセルデータを使い、起動予測を行う手法
システムの全体図
• 自分以外の動いているものを対象
としてマルチモーダルな処理をして
いる。
• 右のレーンにいたため曲がると予
測するがT+3後にまっすぐ進んだ
ため右折の可能性が減っていった
ため。まっすぐのパーセンテージが
減った。
• また低確率軌道を除外し選択肢を
減らした。
アルゴリズムの全体図
1,各アクターの周囲の前後関係を画像を色のついたドットと呼ばれる点の羅列・集合として表現するデータ再現方式
でエンコードする(アクターの速度、加速度、方位変換率)を入力する。
2,それをラスタ機能?に変換する。
3,それらを中間層4096層に出力
4,Mx(2H+1)個予測軌道を出す。
CNNについて
Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)
各アクターの周囲の前後関係を画像を色のついたドットと呼ばれる点の羅列・集合として表現するデータ再現方式
でエンコードし、可能性のある軌道を出すことに成功したとこ。
いままではただ単に学習に時間がかかるため縮小していたが、
入力画像の特徴を維持しながら画像を縮小処理することができる手法
そもそもユニモーダル・マルチモーダルとは?
• 1つの山しかない。
• この分布は合計1になるような面積になっている
• 2つ以上の山がある→これはマルチモーダルと呼ばれる。
• 2以上あるときこれらが一番多くの点を含む図形になるよう足される。
• またこの分布は合計1になるような面積になっているため、nつ足す場合n分割らないといけない。
技術や手法の肝はどこ?
• 各アクターの周囲の前後関係を画像を色のついたドットと呼ばれる
点の羅列・集合として表現するデータ再現方式でエンコードし、可能
性のある軌道を出すことに成功したとこ。
先行研究と比べてどこがすごい?
• よくわからんがディープランニングを使っている。
どうやって有効だと検証した?
• よくわからん
結果1
競合する方法の予測誤差の比較(メートル単位)
左から右へそれぞれ1から4までのモード数Mの出力軌道への
影響
異なる操作について6秒での変位誤差
モード確率較正の分析
メモ
単一軌道の予測では短期予測が妥当である。
6秒かけたこの手法は予測精度が悪いそれは予測しきっていることで
あって単に短期的な交通アクター(つまりほかの動く物体)は物理学とそ
の周辺の集約によって制約されているためそもそも向いていない。
しかし、より長い視野では様々な結果が予想されるため分布がおかしく
なってしまうため今回CNNを使うことによって多重仮設モデルがあまり影
響を受けないことを見出した。
わからなかった単語
• MTP(マルチモーダル起動予測)
• Sdv(自動運転車)
• 単一の軌道→STP(ユニモーダル起動予測)
• クローズコーステスト(閉鎖実験→)
• BEV(高精細地図の周辺をエンコードする鳥瞰図?)
• Actor’s→ほかの車や自分に関係ある動く物体のこと
• STP
• ガウスモデル→ユニモーダル
• ガウス混合→マルチモーダル
• トポロジー(最適化)
• レーン接続性
• ヒューリスティック(残りの距離)
• 隠れマルコフモデル
• ベイジアンネットワーク
• シーンセマンティクス
• 条件付き変分自己エンコーダ(CVAE)
• gated recurrent unit(GRU)
• Mixture Density Networks(MDNs)
• アンサンブル

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Multimodal trajectory predictions for autonomous driving using deep convolutional networks