4. Indications
Treatment of autoimmune diseases
Recurrent diseases
In case of organ transplant.
Immunodeficiency disorders(AIDS)
Chronic infectious diseases.
Cancer particularly disorder involving the lymphatic
system
6. Immunosuppressive Drugs
Drugs that are used to inhibit / prevent activity of immune
system
1. Glucocorticoids
2. Cytostatics
3. Antibodies
4. Drugs acting on immunophilins
5. Other drugs
7. 1. Glucocorticoids
Supress various allergic, inflammatory & autoimmune diseases
Mechanism of action:
Immunosuppressive action
Suppress cell mediated immunity
Suppress the humoral immunity
Antinflammatory action
9. Topical corticosteroids
Steroid Dosage every 6 hrs
Hydrocorticosone
hemisuccinate pellets
2.5 mg dissolve in
mouth close to ulcers
Triamcinolone
acetonide in carmellose
gelatin paste
Apply to lesion
More potent
Betamethasone
phosphate tablets
0.5 mg use as
mouthwash
10. Topical corticosteroids
Beclomethasone spray 1 puff 100 g
Budesonide spray 1 puff 100 g
Flucinolone spray Apply to lesion
Flucinonide cream gel or
ointment
Apply to lesion
Highly potent
Clobetasol cream Apply to lesion 5mg
14. Alkylating agents
Nitrogen mustards (Cyclophoshamide)
Mechanism of action:
1. Elimination of T regulatory cells(CD4+ CD25+)
2. Induction of T cell growth factors - Type I IFNs
17. Antibodies
Antibodies are used as a quick and potent
Immunosuppression
2 types:
1.Polyclonal antibodies
2 .Monoclonal antibodies
18. Antibodies
Polyclonal antibodies
Inhibit T lymphocytes & their lysis ,
Followed by removal of reticuloendothelial
cells from the circulation
Monoclonal antibodies
directed towards defined antigens
19. Drugs acting on Immunophilins
Cyclosporin
Bind M cytosolic protein -cyclophilin
Complex -inhibits calcineurin, which induces
transcription IL-2
21. Sirolimus
Sirolimus acts synergistically - cyclosporine
Inhibits T lympohocyte kinases & phosphatases
Prevent - G1 to S phase
B cell differentiation to plasma cells
Decreases IgM, IgG, IgA
25. 2 categories (Immunostimulators)
A. Specific Immunostimulators
Provide antigenic specificity in Immune Response
E.g. vaccines
B. Non specific Immunostimulators
Act irrespective of antigenic specificity to
augment Immune Response E. g. adjuvant
26. Levamisole
Restore depressed immune function
Stimulate formation of antibodies to various
antigens
Enhance T-cell responses
Potentiate monocyte and macrophage
Normalize CD4+ cell/CD8+ cell ratio
43. Special considerations
Patients should be free from other aliments
Blood tests should be performed frequently
Contraindicated in pregnancy
44. CONCLUSION
Wealth of knowledge about concepts of modern
immunology has led to development of specifically
targeted treatment
Central to 21st century medicine, steroid sparing drugs
Classed as investigational drugs, requires the
clinician to weigh the benefits against risks