2. Introduction
Multi-factorial retinal disorder
Primarily of preterm / LBW babies
Globally 50,000 children become blind/ year
Incidence of ROP in India ̴ 38 – 51.9 % in LBW
Annually ̴ 2 million newborns are at risk in India
8. Timing of first screening
31 wks of PMA or after 4 wks of birth
whichever is later
9.
10. Timing of first screening….
Studies show that AP-ROP is more common in Indian
babies
NNF recommends that Infants <28 wks or <1200 gms
should be screened early at 2-3 weeks of age, to enable
early identification of AP-ROP.
11. How to do
Ideal setting - under a radiant warmer in the NICU
Discharged /stable babies may be screened in the
ophthalmologist’s clinic
Communication with parents with
documentation is highly desirable
The baby should be swaddled and preferably fed
1hr prior to examination
12. How to do…
Pupillary dilatation about 1 hr prior to
screening with tropicamide 0.5-1 % +
phenylephrine (2.5%) drops is used 2-3times
10-15 minutes apart
Atropine should not be used
Oral sucrose given to baby for pain relief
Topical anesthesia without sedation
wire speculum
Indirect ophthalmoscopy with 20 D /28 D
13. How to do….
First examine anterior segment
Followed by posterior pole
Then sequential examination of all clock hours of
peripheral retina
Scleral depressor
Recordings of the findings should be done in the
chart or card
Clearly state date of subsequent followup
21. Classification of ROP cont.
Plus disease –
signs indicating severity.
Venous dilatation or
arteriolar tortuosity in at
least two quadrants;
vitreous haze; poor pupil
dilatation; vascular
engorgement of the iris.
22. Terminology
Threshold disease : Stage 3 in zone 1 or 2 in at least 5
contiguous or 8 non-contiguous clock hours with plus
disease. Point at which infant is treated.
Pre-threshold disease : ETROP. High and low risk
prethreshold disease.
High risk prethreshold :
Zone1, any stage ROP with plus disease.
Zone 1, stage 3 with or without plus disease.
Zone 2, stage 2/3 with plus disease.
Rush disease : Rapid progressive severe form of ROP.
Posterior location. Dilated, tortuous vessels with shunt
vessels throughout retina.
23. Follow up schedule
Zone of retinal findings Stage of retinal
findings
Follow up interval
Zone 1 Immature vascularization 1-2 weeks
Stage 1 or 2 1week or less
Regressing ROP 1-2 weeks
Zone 2 Immature vascularization 2-3 weeks
Stage 1 2 weeks
Stage 2 1-2 weeks
Stage 3 1week or less
Regressing ROP 1-2 weeks
Zone 3 Stage 1or 2 2-3 weeks
Regressing ROP 2-3 weeks
24. Termination of screening
Full retinal vascularization;
( usually occurs at about the 40th wk of PMA and
mostly completes by the 45th week)
Regression of ROP noted
ROP advances to a stage where treatment is indicated.