1. PSO Winter Internship Report 2012-13
Health and Safety Environment (HSE)
Name: Sharjeel Zaheer
Internship Period: 18 December 2012 to 31 January 2013

2. SUMMARY
HISTORY:
The history of the Company dates back to 1974 when the government overtook and merged Pakistan
National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited (DPL) as Premiere Oil Company Limited (POCL).
Later that year, a separate company, Pakistan Storage Development Corporation (PSDC) came into
existence, which later evolved, to State Oil Company Limited (SOCL). In December 1976, the
government merged PNO and POCL into SOCL and renamed it as (PSO).
ABOUT PSO:
PSO is the largest oil marketing company in Pakistan, which is engaged in storage, distribution, and
marketing of various products such as Kerosene,LPG,Gasoline, CNG petrochemicals and lubricants. It
has the largest network of retail outlets that serves the vehicles and supplies fuel to the railways, aviation
industry, armed forces,power projects and the agriculture sector. PSO possesses the largest distribution
network in the country comprising of 3,689 outlets out of which 3,500 outlets serve the retail sector and
189 outlets serve bulk customers. It operates 31 Company-Owned and Company-Operated (Co-Co) sites
serving the retail sector. In addition to retail customers more than 2,000 industrial units, business houses,
power plants and airlines are being fuelled by PSO. Amongst the total OMCs' imports in the country, PSO
has the largest share. It imports HSD, FO in order to meet the supply deficit where transport and aviation
are the largest consumers of HSD and Mogas, while the IPPs and power plants use FO. With 9
installations and 23 depots located across the country, PSO has a storage capacity of almost one million
tones represents 74 percent of the total storage capacity owned by all the oil marketing companies.

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We will simply thank you to the management & staff of the company. Thank you for everything, for
giving us an opportunity to intern at PSO,for all facilities that the company provided me, for all the time
that engineers, chemists & technicians blessed us, for letting us learn from their experience, for
knowledge they shared and most important, for all the kindness that we experienced at PSO. We would
compensate words of thank to Sir Rizwan & Madam Sara and their staff (T & OD).
Very unique thanks go to our helpful supervisor SIR KARAM ULLAH. The supervision and support
that he gave truly help the progression and smoothness of the internship program. The co-operation is
much indeed appreciated.
Our appreciative thanks also go to both DGM SIR NEHAL ASKARI and GM ALTAF HUSSAIN
SOOMRO. Allprojects during the program can’t be done without the passion and kind words from both
of them. Besides, this internship program make us realized the value of team management and team work
to do any task in such environment.

4. HSE DEPARTMENT:
The introduction of HSE department is nothing but the HSE department of PSO ensures that:
 The health of its employees and customers.
 All activities are carried out safely.
 Environment is protected.
HSE policy will:
COMPLY with Pakistan’s relevant laws.
MAINTAIN public confidence.
PROVIDE appropriate health, safety and environment training.
PROMOTE prevention of pollution.
ENSURE that environment performance meets legislative requirements.
INTEGRATE risk assessment.

6. PAKISTAN STATE OIL
INTRODUCTION:
Transport plays a significant role in the overall development of nation’s economy. In addition, sector
contributes significantly to green house gases emissions. In this report I will be discussing the statistics of
the different fuels such as their comparisons, facts and figures and their current market analysis.
PURPOSE:
According to the recent WHO estimates up to one lac people die annually because of the adverse effect of
air pollution. The purpose of this report is that how a common man should select these products on the
basis of their economic prices, safety of the vehicle of engine and its efficiency and also the environment
safety.
SCOPE:
In this report I will only be discussing these four fuel products that how a common man can use them to
get the efficiency of their vehicle by maintaining the safety of its vehicle and environment.
PROJECTS:

7. INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS:
Project outline:
 Questionnaire
 CNG analysis
 LPGanalysis
 Comparison between LPGand CNG
 Comparison of CNG with gasoline
 Fuel cell technology
GROUP PROJECTS:

8. Project outline:
1. HSE day
2. Training session for housekeepers
COMPARISION OF CNG WITH PETROL:
 ON THE BASIS OF CO2 EMISSION:
An engine running on petrol for 100 km emits 22000 grams of CO2, while covering the same
distance on CNG emits only 16275 grams of CO2. This suggests that CNGis more
environmental friendly than petrol.
 ON THE BASIS OF THEIR CALORIFICVALUE:
CNG is essentially methane with a calorific value of 900 KJ/MOL. This burn with oxygen to
produce 1 mole of CO2, where as petrol can be regarded as benzene with a calorific value of
3300 KJ/MOL and produces 6 mol of CO2.
 NOTE:
CNG releases 1.6 times as much energy as that release from petrol per mole of C02 produced.
COMPARISON OF CNG WITH LPG:
 CONSTITUENTS:
CNG composed of methane while LPG composed of propane and butane.
 INITIAL INVESTMENT:
CNG is typically requires high initial investment as compared to LPG.
 OPERATING COSTS:
CNG is lower running cost than LPG. Price for 1kg of CNG is Rs 65.78 where as price for 1 kg
of LPGis higher than it.

9.  SAFETY:
Risk of ignition of CNGis less than LPG. Because CNGis lighter and can easily be dispersed
into the air where the weight of LPGis higher and gathered at the lower space,which creates
more chances for ignition.
 AUTOIGNITIONTEMPERATURE:
CNG has self-ignition temperature of 700 degree centigrade, which is quite greater than LPG.
. STATISTICS FOR CNG:
 Typically stored at 3,600 psi at 70ºF.
 The maximum pressure in a CNG cylinder is up to 200 kg/cm2.
 CNG cylinders are manufactured from a special steelalloy.
 50 liter-water-carrying capacity weighs 48 kg.
 Length of 835 mm and a diameter of 316 mm.
 CNG has high auto ignition temperature of 540 degree centigrade.
 CNG has a narrow range of flammability (5% to 15%).
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY:
In a fuel cell, fuel and air enter into one side while water vapor and unused fuel leave through the other.
So here, capacity is more a measure of the efficiency by which the cell converts the fuel into electrical
energy.
FCVs are powered by fuel cells, which generate electricity from hydrogen, which is not only
environmentally friendly and highly energy-efficient.

10. HSE day:
HSE Day celebration is the routine exercise for the awareness and encouragement of employees at PSO.
This time the HSE day was organized by the internees in HSE department for the internees to create the
awareness of health and safety with the slogan “safety starts with S but begins with YOU”. Presentations
were held and various video clips of safety and health related problems were shown on this day. I helped
the fellow internees in arranging this day,
Training Sessions ofthe housekeepers:
I also participated in a training session for the peons and housekeepers. Keeping the healthy measures in
mind the internees held a training session for peons so they may realize the importance of a healthy
environment for them and also provides a clean environment for the employees.