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endocrine system.pptx
- 4. 3 types 1. Exocrine glands 2. Endocrine glands 3. Hetrocrine glands
- 10. Hormone
- 16. Endocrine glands • 1 Pineal gland • 2 Pituitary gland • 3 Thyroid gland • 4 Thymus • 5 Adrenal gland • 6 Pancreas • 7 Ovary (female) • 8 Testis (male)
- 17. Hypophysis cerebri – Pituitary gland
- 18. • Master gland: Control other endocrine glands
- 19. Facts • Pear shaped gland • Measures 1 – 1.5cm in diameter • 6mm height & 9mm breath • Wt: 500 to 900 mg (pregnancy : 1g) • Larger in women • Attaches with hypothalamus by stalk – infundibulum and both acts as a single unit
- 20. Location: Small depression of sphenoid bone, known as sella turcica – hypophyseal fossa
- 21. Anatomical relations: • Anteriorly – Anterior inter cavernous sinus • Posteriorly – posterior inter cavernous sinus and posterior wall of the sella turcica • Superiorly – fold of dura mater that covers the pituitary gland, optic chiasm and hypothalamus • Inferiorly – sphenoid sinus • Laterally – cavernous sinuses.
- 22. PI = pituitary gland, AICS, PICS = Anterior and posterior intercavernous sinuses, SPH = sphenoid sinus.
- 27. Anterior Lobe - 3 parts: • Pars Anterior / distalis – largest part, secretes hormones under the control of the hypothalamus, via neurotransmitters • Pars tuberalis – upwards extension of pars anterior • Pars intermedia – thin layer that separates the pars anterior from the posterior lobe of pituitary.
- 30. Anterior lobe – Adeno hypophysis (75%) 5 types of glandular tissue 1. Somatotrophs 2. Thyrotrophs 3. Gonadotrophs 4. Lactotrophs 5. Corticotrophs
- 33. Posterior pituitary – neurohypophysis ( 25% ) • It is an extension of hypothalamus • Contains neural tissue • It does not produce hormones, but the hormones produced by the hypothalamus travel to the posterior pituitary stored and released when needed • Oxytocin and ADH.
- 34. Posterior Lobe / neurohypophysis: .
- 36. • Neurons have their cell bodies in the supra optic para ventricular nuclei of hypothalamus and their axon forms a bundle known as hypothalamo hypophyseal tract • Posterior piyuitary hormones are produced in the nerve cell bodies transported through theses axons and stored in vesicles in axon terminals in the posterior Pituitary. • Release by exocytocis is trigerred by nerve impulse from hypothalamus
- 39. Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone • Secreted by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and function primarily on skin darkening by stimulating the production and release of melanin • Also produced by hypothalamus and skin cells. • Protecting the skin from UV rays
- 42. Blood supply: Anterior Pituitary • Superior hypophyseal artery first forms a capillary network around the hypothalamus – blood from this network is then transported the anterior pituitary that allows the communication via the release of neurotransmitters into the bloodstream. Posterior Pituitary • Superior hypophyseal artery, infundibular artery and inferior hypophyseal artery. • Venous drainage - Anterior and posterior hypophyseal veins