ADOPTION OF CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY” IN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS

2. BY
SYED SHAHBAZ SHAH
11MN93
“ADOPTION OF CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY”
IN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS
PRESENTATION ON

3. General Perception For Coal-fired
Power Plants
 It is general perception that Electricity generation by
Coal is an environmental threat and also increasing
Green house Effect.
The burning of Coal causes :
 Air Pollution
 Acid rain
 Ground-level ozone and smog.

4. Environmental Issues
In Coal-fired Power Plants
Coal-Fired Power Plants are the major contributors
of hazardous air pollutants.
Air Pollutants Include:
 Emission of Particulate matter (soot).
(insufficient combustion )
 Emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2).
(Sulphur content)
 Emissions of Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
(When coal is burnt at high temp)
 Carbon Dioxide CO2

6. These environmental Issues occur:
When,
Coal contains impurities like:
 Sulfur
Specks of Minerals.
Common Dirt

7. To Minimize the Impacts of particulate matter &
other Green House Gases emitted by Coal-
fired power plant, it is necessary to adopt
“Clean Coal Technology”
This technology offers significant benefits
when Coal is used to generate Electricity and
also it can reduce the environmental impacts of
coal fired power plants.

8. Clean Coal Technology falls into Three main
categories:
1) Pre-combustion Technology
2) Combustion Technology
3) Post Combustion Technology
CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY

9. 1) Pre-combustion Technology:
Coal Beneficiation (Coal Washing):
Coal washing involves:
 crushing the coal into smaller pieces and passing
it through a process called gravity separation.
 This technique involves feeding the coal into
barrels containing a fluid that has a suitable density
which causes the clean coal particles to float, while
the coal particles containing unwanted material sink
and are removed from the feeding fuel.

11. 2) Combustion Technology:
Fluidized Bed Combustion
(FBC)
 FBC allows coal combustion at relatively low
temperatures, which reduces nitrogen oxides
(Nox) formation.
 A sorbent {generally lime (CaO) or limestone
(CaCO3)} is used to absorb sulphur because
some sulfur remains chemically bonded in the
coal and cannot be physically removed by
washing.
 The removal of this sulfur is targeted during
burning.

13. 3) Post Combustion Technology
i. Carbon Capture & Storage Technology
ii. DeNOx or De-nitrification Process
iii. Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD)
iv. Fly Ash or Particulates Removal System

14. i. Carbon Capture & Storage
Technology:
This allows emission of Carbon dioxide to capture
& Stored preventing CO2 from entering
atmosphere.

15. ii. DeNOx or De-nitrification Process:

 DeNOx or de-nitrification process to reduce the
NOx and convert it into nitrogen and water
allowing cleaner emission through the stack.

16. iii. Flue Gas
Desulphurization(FGD):
 Flue Gas Desulphurization
is a technology used for
removing sulfur dioxide (SO2)
from the exhaust flue gases of
Coal-fired power plants.
 The removal of gaseous (SO2)
from flue Gases may be achieved
by Using Wet & Dry Scrubbers.

17. iv. Fly Ash or Particulates Removal System:
i. Cyclone collector:
Cyclone is efficient in removing large particles d>10µm
ii. Bag Filter:
Bag Filters is Effective for particles of diameter larger
than 1µm.
iii. Electrostatic precipitator:
ESP is Effective for particles of d>1µm. Electrostatic
precipitators are highly efficient filtration devices and
can easily remove fine particulate matter such as dust
and smoke from the air stream.

19. Conclusions
To meet increasing demand of power generation
in Pakistan with minimal environmental impacts,
it is very necessary to install Coal Fired power
plants.
Existing coal based power plants should be
monitored by the Government for a cleaner
environment.
Emphasis on clean Coal technology for Existing &
new power plants.