supplementary information and graphics

1. Chapter 3:
Soil Biology - The Living Component of Soil

2. Image Credit: Video: IYS Soils are Living https://youtu.be/Qas9tPQKd8w
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Soils are Living

3. soils4teachers.org/KSKL Image Credit: USDA
Soils are Living

4. Image Credit: Li, Y. Dick, W. A. Tuovinen, O. H. Biol Fertil Soils (2004) 39: 301–311
Soil is not Inert, it is LIVING
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5. Image Credit: NRCS
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6. Multiple bacteriophages
attached to a bacterial cell wall
Viruses that infect bacteria,
bacteriophage
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Image Credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bacteriophage.jpg; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Phage.jpg
Viruses

7. A variety of
Actinobacteria
growing on
plates
Soil bacterium
(circle)
producing
polysaccharide
“glue” sticking
clay particles
(black)
Root nodules on legume plant
roots filled with nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a
common soil bacterium
Branching filaments of Streptomyces
Cyanobacteria get their
energy via photosynthesis
Bacteria and Archaea
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Image Credit: Orgiazzi A., et al, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, 2016 European Commission,
Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

8. Basidiomycota
Bioluminescent Basidiomycota
Mycena
Ascomycota
Cyathus striatus
Ascomycota
reproductive
spores (blue)
Zygomycota
Fungi
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Image Credit: Orgiazzi A., et al, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, 2016 European
Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

9. Fungal hyphae have a branching structure
that looks like plant roots
Roots of a beech tree
colonized by a white
ectomycorrhizal fungus
Stained roots colonized
by arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi
Fungi
Image Credit: Orgiazzi A., et al, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, 2016 European
Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
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10. Five specimens of Nuclearia thermophila
feeding on the same prey
Ciliate Calpdoa steinii
Amoeba Euglypha
compressa
Dog vomit slime mold, Fuligo septica
Parabasalia
Amoeba belonging to the
Vannellidae family
Protists
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Image Credit: Orgiazzi A., et al, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, 2016 European
Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

11. Earthworms
Myriapods
Nematodes
Potworm, Enchtraeus albidus
Pseudoscorpions
Mites
Larger Fauna
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Image Credit: Orgiazzi A., et al, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, 2016 European
Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

12. Springtails
Tardigrades:
“Water Bears”
Rotifers
Moles
Larger Fauna
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Image Credit: Orgiazzi A., et al, Global Soil Biodiversity Atlas, 2016 European
Commission, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

13. Soil Microfauna
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Image Credit: Soil Biology (Microfauna) by Terry Tollefson

14. Bioturbation by Worms and Soil Fauna
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Image Credit: Bioturbation with and without soil fauna

15. Image Credit: © 2012 Nature Education All rights reserved
Soil Organic Matter
Formation: Balance
of Inputs and Losses
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16. Measuring Microbial Decomposition:
“Soil your undies” Challenge
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Image Credit: Soil
Conservation Council
of Canada