1) The document discusses modeling requirements for unstructured business processes and assesses the capabilities of BPMN and CMMN for modeling them. 2) It identifies key representational requirements including activities, goals, data, rules, and user roles. An extended BPMN is proposed with constructs like collaborative subprocesses and data visualization. 3) The proposed modeling approach was validated through interviews finding the extended BPMN models easier to understand than CMMN. Suggestions for improvements were also received. 4) The conclusion is that while current languages have limitations for unstructured processes, an extended BPMN can sufficiently model both structured and unstructured parts providing optimal design-time definition and run-time

1. Understanding Modeling Requirements of
Unstructured Business Processes
ZaharahAllah Bukhsh, Marten van Sinderen
Klaas Sikkel and Dick Quartel
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2. Background and Problem
Validation
Modeling capabilities of
BPMN and CMMN
Modeling requirements of
Unstructured Business Process (UBP)
3.
1.
4.
2.
Agenda
Conclusions55.
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3. Background and Motivation1.
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4. 4
Understanding Modeling Requirements of
Unstructured Business Processes
Collection of activities that take one or
more input and create output that is of
value to customer/business
But, the exact course of activities are
undefined and unpredictable
Modelling unstructured process in a
flexible manner

5. Source: (Kemsley, 2011)
Business Process Spectrum
Structured
Structured with
Ad-hoc Exceptions
Unstructured with
Pre-defined fragments
Unstructured
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6. Structured Business Process
Insurance Claim Registration
Design-timeRun-time
Problem
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7. Unpredictable Process instances
Problem
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8. • According to AIIM survey, more than 50%of the processes are unstructured
• Unstructured process are straight jacketed into structured processes flow
• Process model doesn’t show the real business process
• Drivers for modeling unstructured process: Documentation, Communicate, Redesign
Problem
How can unstructured business processes be
modelled in a flexible manner?
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9. 2. Modeling capabilities of BPMN and CMMN
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10. • Assess the capabilities of modelling languages to model an
unstructured business process
• Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN)
• Initially proposed by Business process management initiative and later adopted by OMG
• BPMN version 2.0 realised in 2011
• Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN)
• Proposed by OMG specifically for unstructured business processes
• CMMN specification realised in 2014
• With a sample admission business process for a student in university
Modelling of UBP
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11. Task
Ordering
Unavailable
Optional Task
Limited Data
View
Modelling of UBP with BPMN

12. Modelling of UBP with CMMN
No
Sequential
Flow
Undefined
User Role
Task
Dependency
Case Folder
Stages
Milestones
Sentries
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13. Modeling requirements of
Unstructured Business Process
3.
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14. Process
Specification
Activities
Specification
Data
Specification
Business
Rules
Specification
Goal
Specification
Knowledge
Workers
Specification
Representational Requirements of UBP
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15. Extended
BPMN
Process GoalActivity Data User role
Demonstration of Representational Requirements of UBP
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16. Extended
BPMN
Process GoalActivity Data User role
 Process contains set of related activities
 Each process has one associated goal
Demonstration of Representational Requirements of UBP
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17. Extended
BPMN
Process GoalActivity Data User role
 Variety of process related activities and sub-process
Undo Activity Collaborative
Subprocess
Optional
Activity
Required
Activity
Decision
Activity
Demonstration of Representational Requirements of UBP
?
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18. Extended
BPMN
Process GoalActivity Data User role
 Goal define the purpose of process
 Each process has one goal, while a single goal can be
associated to number of sub-processes
Goal
Demonstration of Representational Requirements of UBP
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19. Extended
BPMN
Process GoalActivity Data User role
 Business rule is introduced as data item
Business Rule
Demonstration of Representational Requirements of UBP
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20. Extended
BPMN
Process GoalActivity Data User role
User role represents a person or a class of people who are
assigned to perform the process execution
Role
Demonstration of Representational Requirements of UBP

21. 23
Process model of UBP with BPMN extended constructs
Timer event
Sub-process
Process name
Collaboration
activity
Decision
activity
End event
Data file with
state
Goal
condition
Goal
User role
Well defined
start & end
event
Expressive
Activities
Structured and
Unstructured
Parts
Data Access
Levels
Goal provide
process
overview

22. Validation4.
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23. • Conducted Interviews with three BPM consultants of BiZZdesign
• The proposed requirements represented by BPMN extended constructs are
found to be very useful
Collaborative sub-process
Required activities
Optional activities
Re-execute activities
• Process model are easy to read and communicate as compared to CMMN
model
• Visualization of data access is very powerful
Validation
Comments
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24. • Recommended changes in extended BPMN Construct
• Eliminate Required or Optional task
• Business rules representation might overcrowd the process model
• Modify the notations to improve readability
• Assist on use of Concepts
• Introduce BPMN Extended construct as a Modeling Level
Validation
Suggestions
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25. Conclusions5.
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26. • Unstructured business process require optimum level of representation on
design-time
• BPMN and CMMN have certain modelling limitations with respect to
unstructured business processes
• In the future, a modelling language that fulfil the representation
requirements can sufficiently model structured and unstructured process
parts
• A process model with extended BPMN construct provides the optimum
design-time definition as well as run-time flexibility
Conclusions
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27. Questions?
@BukhshZaharah
z.allahbukhsh@utwente.nl
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