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The scientific reason why we hurt the ones we love most
- 3. Everyday Aggression Takes Many Forms Current Directions in Psychological Science (Impact Factor: 3.93). 06/2014; 23(3):220-224. DOI: 10.1177/0963721414530143 Deborah South Richardson 2014 年 6 月一篇刊登於《心理科學近期趨勢》 的回顧文獻，總結了近 30 年親密關係傷害的研究。
- 4. Deborah South Richardson Professor of Psychology Georgia Regents University 作者美國 喬治亞州 瑞金斯大學 心理學系 教授 黛博拉‧理察德生 博士表示︰ 那些傷害我們的人，通常也都是我們熟悉的人。 我們反倒不需要去擔心那些比較不熟的人會不會傷害我。
- 5. 這些行為是如此頻繁地發生，黛博拉‧理察德生 博士 甚至稱之為「日常傷害」 (everyday aggression) 。
- 8. 親密傷害的科學觀察
- 9. 侵犯行為區分為幾個類型︰ 「直接傷害」 (direct aggression) 「間接傷害」 (indirect aggression) 「消極傷害」 (passive aggression) 「非直接傷害」 (nondirect aggression)
- 14. 侵犯者和被他們傷害的人之間的關係是什麼？ 他們對誰生氣 ? 戀愛的伴侶 35 ％ 朋友 35 ％ 兄弟姐妹 16 ％ 家長 14 ％
- 19. 對越親密的人越使壞？
Editor's Notes
- The Scientific Reason Why We Hurt The Ones We Love Most 對越親密的人越使壞？看看5項科學說法
- 2014年6月一篇刊登於《心理科學近期趨勢》（journal Current Directions in Psychological Science）的回顧文獻，總結了近30年親密關係傷害的研究。
- "The people who are likely to cause us harm of any sort are likely going to be people we know," review author Deborah South Richardson, a psychology professor at Georgia Regents University, explained to The Huffington Post. "It's not the strangers we need to fear."
- 這些行為是如此頻繁地發生，Richardson甚至稱之為「日常傷害」（everyday aggression），她還發現，有些行為雖然看來輕描淡寫、沒有造成什麼後果，但多半是有意為之，就像開槍但射偏一樣。
- She, and other researchers like her, focus on defining aggression based on someone's intent, and not on whether an aggressive action actually ends up hurting someone. "Whether or not you actually caused harm isn't the critical issue," Richardson explained. "It's that you intended to. If I aim my gun and shoot at you but miss, my intention was still aggressive."
- 1.侵犯行為的一種類型是「直接傷害」（direct aggression），如大吼、拳打腳踢和粗魯的言詞，男性較常使用這種方式。 (141,228,232)
- What is the relationship between aggressors and the people they hurt? 侵犯者和被他們傷害的人之間的關係是什麼？ Whom had they been angry with? 他們對誰生氣? Both males and females selected romantic partners and friends (35% each) more frequently than siblings (16%) or parents (14%) as targets of aggression. 男性和女性都選擇戀愛的伴侶和朋友（各35％）比起兄弟姐妹（16％）和家長（14％）為侵略目標更頻繁。