course materials

1. FNU Pathophysiology Quiz 4
FNU Pathophysiology Quiz 4FNU Pathophysiology Quiz 4A 70-year-old woman has received
a diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after a clinical investigation sparked by
the presence of leukocytosis in her routine blood work. What clinical course should her care
provider tell her to expect?Answers:A. “It’s likely that this will give you chronic fatigue and
malaise for the rest of your life, but that will probably be the extent of your symptoms.”B.
“Unfortunately, your leukemia will likely enter a crisis mode within a few weeks if we don’t
treat it immediately.”C. “You could remain the chronic stage of CML for several years before
it accelerates and culminates in a crisis.”D. “You can expect your blood results, fatigue, and
susceptibility to infection to gradually worsen over a few years.”Question 2Following an
injury resulting in a small cut from a knife, the first cells to go to the area of the cut would be
theAnswers:A. erythrocytes.B. basophils.C. neutrophils.D. albumin.Question 3Which of the
following diagnostic findings is likely to result in the most serious brain insult?Answers:A.
Moderate decrease in brain tissue volume secondary to a brain tumor removalB. High
intracellular concentration of glutamateC. Increased ICP accompanied by hyperventilationD.
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) that equals intracranial pressure (ICP)Question 4Which of
the following patients would be most likely to be experiencing an increase in renal
erythropoietin production?Answers:A. A 70-year-old woman admitted with dehydration
secondary to an overdose of her potassium-wasting diureticB. A 21-year-old man with acute
blood loss secondary to a motor vehicle accident 3 hours priorC. A 68-year-old man with a
long-standing diagnosis of polycythemia veraD. A 71-year-old smoker admitted to hospital
with exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Question 5A college
student has been experiencing frequent headaches that he describes as throbbing and
complaining of difficulty concentrating while studying. Upon cerebral angiography, he is
found to have an arteriovenous malformation. Which of the following pathophysiological
concepts is likely responsible for his symptoms? FNU Pathophysiology Quiz 4Answers:A.
Localized ischemia with areas of necrosis noted on CT angiographyB. High pressure and
local hemorrhage of the venous systemC. Hydrocephalus and protein in the cerebral spinal
fluidD. Increased tissue perfusion at the site of the malformationQuestion 6A group of
nursing students were studying for their pathophysiology exam by quizzing each other
about disorders of WBCs and lymphoid tissue. When asked what the first chromosomal
abnormality that identified cancer was, one student correctly answered Answers:A.
interleukin cells.B. Philadelphia.C. PSA.D. BRCA-1.Question 7A 47-year-old woman was
diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 3 years ago and has experienced a progressive

2. onset and severity of complications. She has been admitted to a palliative care unit due to
her poor prognosis? What assessments and interventions should the nursing staff of the
unit prioritize in their care?Answers:A. Regular pain assessment and administration of
opioid analgesics as neededB. Cardiac monitoring and administration of inotropic
medicationsC. Assessment and documentation of cognitive changes, including confusion and
restlessnessD. Assessment of swallowing ability and respiratory statusQuestion 8A 53-year-
old man presents with inability to concentrate, itching in his fingers and toes, elevated
blood pressure, and unexplained weight loss. He is diagnosed with primary polycythemia.
What will be the primary goal of his treatment?Answers:A. To increase the amount of
oxygen distributed by his red blood cellsB. To reduce the viscosity of his bloodC. To reduce
the mean size of his red cellsD. To control his hypertensionQuestion 9During a late night
study session, a pathophysiology student reaches out to turn the page of her textbook.
Which of the following components of her nervous system contains the highest level of
control of her arm and hand action?ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE
PAPERSAnswers:A. ThalamusB. CerebellumC. Frontal lobeD. Basal gangliaQuestion 10The
family members of an elderly patient are wondering why his “blood counts” are not rising
after his last GI bleed. They state, “He has always bounced back after one of these episodes,
but this time it isn’t happening. Do you know why?” The nurse will respond based on which
of the following pathophysiological principles?Answers:A. “Don’t worry about it. We can
always give him more blood.”B. “Due to stress, the red blood cells of older adults are not
replaced as promptly as younger people.”C. “Everything slows down when you get older.
You just have to wait and see what happens.”D. “The doctor may start looking for another
cause of his anemia, maybe cancer of the bone.”Question 11A 44-year-old female patient
presents to the emergency department with abnormal bleeding and abdominal pain that is
later attributed to gallbladder disease. Which of the following diagnoses would the medical
team be most justified in suspecting as a cause of the patient’s bleeding? FNU
Pathophysiology Quiz 4Answers:A. Hemophilia BB. Vitamin K deficiencyC. Excess calciumD.
Idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)Question 12Your ESRD patient is
receiving 2 units of packed red blood cells for anemia (Hgb of 8.2). Twenty minutes into the
first transfusion, the nurse observes the patient has a flushed face, hives over upper body
trunk, and is complaining of pain in lower back. His vital signs include pulse rate of 110 and
BP drop to 95/56.What is the nurse’s priority action? Answers:A. Recheck the type of blood
infusing with the chart documentation of patient’s blood type. B. Discontinue the
transfusion and begin an infusion of normal saline.C. Slow the rate of the blood infusion to
50 mL/hour.D. Document the assessment as the only action.Question 13A 5th grade
elementary student asks the school nurse how much blood is in an entire body. The nurse
should respond that the average grown-up adult hasAnswers:A. 2 to 4 cups of blood in his
or her body.B. 5 to 6 L of blood throughout his or her body.C. 3 pints of blood in total.D. 3 to
4 quarts of blood in his or her body.Question 14The geriatrician providing care for a 74-
year-old man with diagnosis of Parkinson disease has recently changed the client’s
medication regimen. What is the most likely focus of the pharmacologic treatment of the
man’s health problem?Answers:A. Preventing demyelination of the efferent cerebellar
pathwaysB. Preventing axonal degradation of motor neuronsC. Maximizing acetylcholine

3. release from synaptic vesicles at neuromuscular junctionsD. Increasing the functional
ability of the underactive dopaminergic systemQuestion 15A student makes the statement
to a colleague, “Blood plasma is essentially just a carrier for the formed elements like red
blood cells and white blood cells.”What would be the most accurate response to this
statement?Answers:A. “Not really. Plasma also contributes to the processes of protein
synthesis and hematopoiesis.”B. “Actually, plasma plays a significant role in nutrient and
waste transport.”C. “Actually, plasma is integral to the proper function of the liver and
maintenance of acid–base balance.”D. “That’s not really true. Plasma is crucial in the
immune and inflammatory responses.”Question 16Several months ago, a 20-year-old male
suffered a spinal cord injury brought about by a snowboard trick gone wrong. The lasting
effects of his injury include a flaccid bowel and bladder and the inability to obtain an
erection. While sensation has been completely preserved in his legs and feet, his motor
function is significantly impaired. What type of incomplete spinal cord injury has the man
most likely experienced?Answers:A. Central cord syndromeB. Conus medullaris syndromeC.
Brown-Séquard syndromeD. Anterior cord syndromeQuestion 17A client with a
gastrointestinal bleed secondary to alcohol abuse and a hemoglobin level of 5.8 g/dL has
been ordered a transfusion of packed red blood cells. The client possesses type B antibodies
but lacks type D antigens on his red cells. Transfusion of which of the following blood types
would be least likely to produce a transfusion reaction?Answers:A. A–B. AC. B–D. BQuestion
18Which of the following clients’ signs and symptoms would allow a clinician to be most
justified in ruling out stroke as a cause? An adultAnswers:A. has vomited and complained of
a severe headache.B. states that his left arm and leg are numb, and gait is consequently
unsteady.C. has experienced a sudden loss of balance and slurred speech.D. has had a
gradual onset of weakness, headache, and visual disturbances over the last 2 days.Question
19Amniocentesis has suggested that a couple’s first child will be born with sickle cell
disease. The parents are unfamiliar with the health problem, and their caregiver is
explaining the complexities. Which of the following statements by the parents would
suggest a need for further teaching or clarification?Answers:A. “Our baby’s red cells are
prone to early destruction because of his or her weak membranes.”B. “Our son or daughter
likely won’t show the effects of sickling until he or she is school-aged because of the
different hemoglobin in babies.”C. “Not all of his or her red cells will be sickled, but low
oxygen levels can cause them to become so.”D. “Sickled cells can block his or her blood
vessels, especially in the abdomen, chest, and bones.”Question 20During science class, a
student asks, “What’s the difference between plasma and serum in the blood?” The nurse
responds that the primary difference between plasma and serum is that plasma
containsAnswers:A. hydrogen ions.B. heparin.C. white blood cells.D. fibrinogen.Question
21During a flu shot clinic, one of the questions the student nurse asks relates to whether the
patient has had Guillain-Barré syndrome in his medical history. The patient asks, “What is
that?” How should the nursing student reply?Answers:A. “A type of paralysis that affects
movement on both sides of the body that may even involve the respiratory muscles”B.
“Influenza-like illness where you had fever and chills for 2 to 3 days after your last flu
shot”C. “A degenerative disease where you have trouble walking without the help of a cane
or walker”D. “Swelling of your arm where you got your flu shot, and maybe your eyes and

4. lips had some swelling as well”Question 22A 22-year-old female college student is shocked
to receive a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. What are the etiology and most likely treatment
for her health problem?Answers:A. Excess acetylcholinesterase production; treatment with
thymectomyB. A decline in functioning acetylcholine receptors; treatment with
corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulinsC. Cerebellar lesions; surgical and
immunosuppressive treatmentD. Autoimmune destruction of skeletal muscle cells;
treatment with intensive physical therapy and anabolic steroids FNU Pathophysiology Quiz
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