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STUDENT GUIDE (v. 7.1)
CSSA 7.1 Exam Prep

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 Copyright 2015
Pegasystems Inc., Cambridge, MA
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Document Name: CSSA 7.1 Exam Prep Student Guide
Date: 20151117

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Certified Senior System
Architect Exam Prep
Sean Hedenskog, Principal Instructor
Tuesday, November 17, 2015

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Agenda
• Study Materials
• CSSA Exam Core Competencies and Distribution
• Exam Advice
• Review Each Core Competency – Day 1 and 2
• QA – Day 3

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Recent Review
I have cleared CSSA 71v1 recently. I would suggest that go through
the Senior System Architect course thoroughly and you will pass the
exam with flying colours.
The questions were well distributed among all the chapters
mentioned in the blueprint. So, it's better not to skip any. Questions
were less complex from chapters like System Administration, Data
Model, Integration and Class Structure (I'm referring the SSA
course). I found User Interface and Report a bit tricky. Although 50%
or more questions were configuration based, but there were few
design related questions.
Sankhadeep Basak – Cognizant Technology Solutions

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Study Materials
• Download the Senior System Architect Student Guide
• Download the Senior System Architect Exercise Guide
• Do all of the exercises
– If you are not able to complete the exercise please refer to:
• Hints
• Download Solution
• Instructor Guides (not available for all exercises)
• Register for a Pega Mesh account
– Instructor Guides and other useful information located here
• Use Quizlet to help you review/prepare
• Enroll in the CSSA Practice Exam
• Download the CSSA Exam Blueprint from Pearson VUE
Download the Senior System Architect Student Guide
Download the Senior System Architect Exercise Guide
Register for a Pega Mesh account
Instructor Guides and other useful information located here
Use Quizlet to help you review/prepare
Download the CSSA Exam Blueprint from Pearson VUE

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CSSA Exam Competencies
• Application Design 11.4%
• Case Design 15.7%
• Data Model 10.0%
• Automating Business Policies 20.0%
• User Experience 12.9%
• User Reporting 7.1%
• Integration 8.6%
• Architecture 5.7%
• Administration 8.6%
• Total 100%
Application Design Case Design Data Model
Automating Business Policies User Experience User Reporting
Integration Architecture Administration

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CSSA Exam Competencies and Topics
An alternative view
• CSSA Exam Analysis
• Created by a former SSA student
• Can use as a way to prioritize the core competencies you study

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Exam Advice
• Target your review using the following slides
• Book well in advance! Seats go quickly and availability varies
• Go for the easy questions first
– If you’re not sure, mark for review and move on!
– Go back & answer the less obvious questions later when you have got time.
• Positive answers tend to be right. If it sounds like a feature or
concept that’s ‘sensible’ or makes business sense, chances are it’s
right!
• Review Pearson VUE Tutorial and Practice Exam

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Application Express
• Found under Application Menu > New Application
• Four step wizard used to create or extend an application or
framework
• Generally ran by a Senior System Architect or Lead System
Architect

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Application Express – Step 1
• Name of Application
• Description
• Built on Application – PegaRULES or any Framework
• Application Structure – Framework and Implementation, Framework
Only, Implementation Only
• Organization

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Application Express – Steps 2, 3 and 4
• Business Objectives – measureable outcomes of application
• Case Types – add one or more Case Types and Description
• Data Objects – add one or more Data Objects to represent data that
is necessary for a case to accomplish its business outcome
– Reuse Layer depends on Application Structure
• Important to note that any of these can be added once the
Application Express has completed

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Rulesets
• What is a RuleSet?
• What are three functions of a RuleSet?
• Where are RuleSets referenced?
• Describe the elements of the RuleSet below:
– MyRuleSet:01-02-03
• Describe the logon process in terms of records referenced and the
results
A RuleSet is a container or an organizational construct that is used to identify, store and manage
a set of rules that define an application or a major part of an application. Every instance of
every rule type belongs to a RuleSet.
A RuleSet’s primary function is to group rules together for deployment. In addition, RuleSets
can be used for versioning and access control.
The Application rule references the RuleSets.
MyRuleSet is the RuleSet Name
01 is the major version number
02 is the minor version number
03 is the path number
Operators receive access to an application through an access group, which references the
application. An application is comprised of a list of RuleSets. Application RuleSets are typically
created by the Application Express.

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Rule Resolution Process
• Rule resolution dictates which rule to use in a particular situation
Discard rules
with Availability =
No/Draft Mode
Check the cache
for the rule
Discard rules
not in the class
hierarchy Set the cache
Check that
Availability is not
Blocked
Choose
instances with
matching
purpose (name)
Discard
inapplicable
RuleSets and
versions
Rank remaining
candidates by:
Class, RuleSet
Version,
Circumstance,
Circumstance Date
Find the most-
applicable
instance
Verify that the
user is authorized
to access the rule
1 2 3 4 5 6 87 9 10
If the rule is in the
cache, skip to step 8
As we covered previously, rule resolution is the process by which PRPC determines which rule
instance to use at a given time. Rule resolution works by assembling a cache of rules. If the
correct rule instance is in the cache, rule resolution returns the appropriate instance and PRPC
verifies that the user can actually process the instance. If the rule is not cached, PRPC must first
add it to the cache.
How Rule Resolution Works
• The first step is to check the rule cache to see if the rule is already in memory. If it is, the
process skips ahead to step 8.
• All rule instances matching the name (and type) are selected.
• Rules with an availability of No/Draft Mode are discarded.
• Rules that are not in an applicable RuleSet version are discarded.
• Rules that are not in the class hierarchy are discarded.
• The remaining rules are ranked by class (specific to generic), RuleSet version (highest to
lowest), Circumstance (specific to base), and Circumstance Date (today’s date is past the
cutoff date).
• The rules that are left are added to the cache.
• PRPC picks the best instance.
• PRPC checks that the rule’s availability is not set to Blocked.
• PRPC checks that the user is authorized to use the rule.
One caveat regarding RuleSet versions: rule resolution will only look for rules in a single major
version. If an application is built on RuleSet version A:02-05-13, rule resolution will not look for
rules RuleSet version A:01-04-17.

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Rule Resolution
• Know the 10 step process
• Understand Rule Availability
• Understand how circumstancing effects Rule Resolution
• Rule Resolution Examples available on Pega Mesh
There are five options for rule availability in PRPC. Two of the options expose the rule during
processing, while the other three options prevent its use.
Yes
Rule instances set to Yes are always available during processing, and can be copied without
restriction.
Final
Rule instances set to Final are always available during processing, but cannot be copied into
another ruleset without using a new name. “Final” rule instances are just that: the end of the
line.
No/Draft Mode
Rule instances set to No/Draft Mode are ignored; PRPC skips the rule instance and proceeds to
the next one in the hierarchy, starting with the next-highest RuleSet version.
Blocked
Rule instances set to Blocked are ignored during processing. When PRPC encounters a blocked
rule, it immediately stops the rule resolution process, and returns an error to the user.
Withdrawn
Rule instances set to Withdrawn are ignored during processing. When PRPC encounters a
withdrawn rule, it skips any earlier version in the same class, and proceeds to the next-highest
class in the inheritance hierarchy.
Withdrawn rules behave similarly to blocked rules, but with one important difference:
withdrawn rule instances prevent execution of all rule instances in a particular class, while

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blocked rules prevent execution of the rule at all. Withdrawn rules are typically used to “delete”
a rule in a locked RuleSet version. For example, if you initially built an application with the
Approve flow action in the work type, and decided three releases later to generalize the
approval action in the class group, you would need a way to prevent the application from ever
seeing the instances in the locked RuleSet versions that shipped with the earlier versions of the
application. By saving a rule instance to the work type and setting its availability to Withdrawn,
PRPC would skip the earlier versions of the rule in the work type when performing rule
resolution.
https://mesh.pega.com/docs/DOC-61802

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Enterprise Class Structure
Pattern / Directed Inheritance traversal to search for rule candidates.

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Reusability
• Understand the Importance of Rule Naming and Documentation
– Good article on PDN – Node 1953
• Understand the Importance of Rule Modularity
• Understand the Use of Parameterization

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Specialization
• Assess the Appropriate Specialization Technique
– Class, RuleSet or Circumstance
– Not an exact science

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Case Lifecycle Management - Stages
• In a typical build order, what would the 4 Application Development
steps be?
– How might they be reordered and why?
– Discuss the merits and drawbacks of each order you have listed
• In the Case Designer landing page
– What’s the best practice for defining stages?
– What are the guidelines for when to create a stage?
• What is the difference between Primary & Alternate Stages?
• How many step types are available?
– Describe the usage of each
Process (Stages, then Steps), UI, Data Model, Business Policies
Stages: Make sense being grouped together, significant change of ownership, Updated Status
Primary – normal course of events, happy path, by default sequential and automatically move
to the next stage
Alternate – exceptions or alternate processes
5 step types:
Single step assignment
Multi step process
Case
Approval
Attachment

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Case Lifecycle Management - Stages
• Different types of stages
– Skip stage when
– Stage service level agreement
• What’s the difference?
– Optional Process
– Optional Action
• What’s the purpose?
– Entry validation
• Best Practices
– How many Stages / Steps are recommended?

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Case Lifecycle Management - Steps
• How many step types are available?
– Describe the usage of each
• What rule is created when we add a step?
• What does the double-blue line mean?
• What is “Launch on re-entry?”
5 step types:
Single step assignment
Multi step process
Case
Approval
Attachment
A flow is created when we add a step
Parallel lines over a step indicate that the step will get launched upon stage entry, without
waiting for the completion of the previous step
Launch on re-entry – once a stage is processed it can be re-entered from another stage by the
change stage process or manually by the end user. Only steps that have this option selected are
started automatically when the stage is re-entered

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Case Hierarchy
• Case and subcase relationships
– If we see during case decomposition that the tasks are individual
transactions that have their own lifecycle independent of the parent case,
then we create them as subcases
• Add a subcase by using the Case Explorer and selecting Add Case
Type
– What happens when we do this?
– Can we change the default settings of inheritance and the ruleset version?
To add a case, from the Case Explorer select Manage Case Type > Add a case type. The Create
Case Type” dialog box appears. Let’s expand the advanced settings tab to review the advanced
configurations options.
You can update:
Derives from (directed)
Derives from (parent)
Ruleset and Version
Remote Case Type – Federated Case Management – covered in LSA
Create Starting Process

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Case Instantiation
• Subcases can be configured to be instantiated different ways
– Subcase Case Designer
– Step Configuration in the Parent Case Designer
– Create Case Smart Shape in any Flow Rule
• Each one meets different needs

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Case Instantiation – Subcase Case Designer
• Configured in the Case Designer of the Subcase
– Defined on the Details Tab
• Automatic or Manual
• Parent Case Starts, can be conditional
• Any or All of the following dependencies are
fulfilled

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Case Instantiation – Parent Case Designer
• Configured in the Step Configuration in the Parent Case Designer

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Case Instantiation – Create Case Smart Shape
• Configured in the Create Case Smart Shape in any Flow Rule
• View Properties Dialog

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Data Propagation
• When subcase is instantiated as part of
the parent case, we can use the Data
Propagation option to set the values of
the subcase.
• Configured on the Details tab of the
Parent Case Designer
• Only is propagated on instantiation, if the value of a property in the
parent changes we can use a data transform to the updated value

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Locking
• Enhanced in Pega 7
• Default Locking – lock the case when the operator opens the case
• Optimistic Locking – enables multiple operators to open the case.
– No lock is obtained on open
– Lock occurs when the user clicks Submit
• Default locking timeout is 30 minutes but can be easily changed

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Locking – Parent and Subcase
• In Case Designer of the parent case, we can use the Locking option
to set locking on the top most parent case
• If subcases are instantiated as part of the parent, they will have the
same locking settings
• If subcase is created as a standalone case, the locking
configuration is done of the Advanced tab of the Case Type rule for
that subcase

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Flow Shapes
• Start – only has settings in a ScreenFlow
• Decision / Fork – Q. What rules can we reference? Table, MapValue, Tree, Expression, When
Connectors
• Split Join – Q. what settings are available? Most important is - Rejoin if … Any/All subflows
complete. Q. Can subflows be multithreaded? A. No
• Assignment – Q What kinds can be created? A. Worklist, Workbasket, External, Agent. Also
Connect (not best practice, use an Integrator shape (16))
• End – can only return a scalar value if in a subflow
• Split For Each – Any / All / Iterate / conditional (see PDN)
• Integrator – Calls a connector activity
• Call a subflow
• Spin Off to a subflow
• Assignment Service - Use the Assignment Service task in a flow to pass control to an
external system using a connector (for example, Connect BPEL rule). Assignment Service
tasks support asynchronous coordination with external systems, in contrast to the
Integrator tasks, which support synchronous connections. Both Integrator tasks and
Assignment Service tasks reference an activity of type Connect. For an Integrator task, flow
execution continues as soon as the activity completes. For an Assignment Service task, flow

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execution pauses until Process Commander receives a service request of the appropriate
type.
• Utility
• Pool with Swim Lanes - You use Router Pool and Swim Lane shapes to organize and
graphically identify a related group of task shapes that are performed within a specific work
context (typically a work group) or business purpose. A router activity defined in the lane
shape is associated with Assignment shapes inside the lane. During processing work objects
are to the appropriate user worklist or workbasket defined by the router.
For example, an insurance claim application has one assignment instructing operators to
collect customer information, another to verify the information and calculate payments,
and a third to issue payments and update financial records. You want each to have its own
work group and workbasket. You create a pool named Insurance Claim Process containing
three swim lanes named CSR, Back Office, and Fulfilment. Each lane has a router activity
associated with the assignments within it. During flow processing, the router assigns the
work object to the appropriate workbasket inside the lane.

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Screen Flows
• Often used to spread the gathering of related data across multiple
forms within the same screen.
• Cannot be created using the Case Designer
– Create a flow using the Screen Flow template
– Once created the flow can be added as a step
• Type and Routing can be set on the Start Shape
– TabbedScreenFlow7, TreeNavigation7 and PerformScreenFlow

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Flow Configuration
• Know your assignment shape

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Flow Configuration
• Color coordinated statuses

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Flow Configuration
• In which connectors can you specify Likelihood?
– Always
– Else
– When
– Result
– Flow Action
• What is the purpose of Likelihood in the various ways it’s used?
When, Result, Flow Action
When – determines the order of evaluation
Result and Flow Action – determines the order of precedence, how the items will be added to
either a drop down or the actions menu

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Work Status
• Can be set on Start Shape, Data Transform, Assignment Shape,
Connectors, End Shape, Activity etc.
• pyStatusWork property
– List available from Designer Studio > Process & Rules > Processes >
Status Value
– Can create your own by creating a Field Value rule of the pyStatusWork
field

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Work Party
• A person, organization or other entity that has a vested interest in
the progress of a case. They may not necessarily work on the case
• Can be thought of as entity “data” associated with the case
– Analogous to an Outlook Contact
• Uses out of the box data party classes to hold commonly used
properties for roles
– Com, Gov, Operator, Org and Person
– Can create your own

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Work Party Benefits
• When a case is created by the Application Express or added to an
existing application through the Case Explorer, the system creates
a Work Party rule named pyCaseManagementDefault
• Used easy to capture and store information
• Used primarily for:
– Correspondence, Routing, UI and Reporting

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Adding a Work Party
• Clicking the edit link displays the “Parties form for us to edit or
delete existing roles
– Three default roles – Customer, Owner, Interested
• Can add a Work Party multiple ways
– Marked as “Display or Creation” Work Party created when case is created
– In the Party Details Dialog, we can add or edit existing Work Parties
– In the Starter Flow we can uncheck the “skip create harness” field
– AddWorkObjectParty activity

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Work Party
• When associated with a case, a built-in property (pyWorkParty) is
embedded into the case
• pyWorkParty holds the details of work parties associated with a
case

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Data Elements
• Give some examples of Property Types
• Give some examples of Property Modes
• Explain this statement: A Property Rule must have a Property Mode,
but not necessarily a Property Type.
• Can you give an example for each of the following statements:
–In order to capture and persist a record for a case, you will
require a Property with a suitable Property Type.
–You can group these Properties together in a Property with a
suitable Property Mode.

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Data Elements
• Where does a property get a value from?
–Manually: user input or data transform at run-time
–Automatically: Refer to a data page or Copy from a data page,
also known as auto populating the property
• What are the various ways to validate the input of a property?
–Edit Validate Rule
–Validate Rule
–Table Types
Automatically
Refer to a data page - This is the recommended option. When data page parameters change
and a reference to a non-parameter value is made, the system loads a new data page. Reads
from and writes to the property occur on the new data page.
Copy from a data page - Only use this option if you need to copy the data into your case. When
parameters to the data page change and a non-parameter value is referenced, a new data page
is loaded and copied into this property. Interactions with the property happen on the copied
data.

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Data Elements – Property Rules

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Data Elements
• What are the acceptable
values for the .Salary property
as configured on the right?
– Cannot be implemented this
way! .Salary is a Decimal type
and Table Values cannot have
a non-decimal, i.e. the operator
‘<’.
• What can we do to implement
this validation for .Salary?
Discussion points:
• What are table values? These contain only acceptable values for the properties.
• What other types of Table Type are there?
• How does UI Control affect the Table Values? No real impact actually, as UI Control only
manages how data are captured. Ultimately, the UI Control must allow user to enter at least
one value that matches one of the Table Values exactly.

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Reference Data
• You can store Reference Data in either a Data Table, or an External
Table.
– What are the similarities?
– What are the differences?
Discussion points:
• Data Table stores into a Pega table using a schema from pr_data.
• External Table can contain any table schema.
• Data Table records are stored in BLOBs.
• External Table records are stored in exposed columns.
• Both requires a Class, and a Database table rule to map the table to the class.
• Both can use a Report Definition to retrieve records.
• Properties in Data Tables do not need to be optimized to be used, but should be for better
performance.
• Data Page can use the Report Definition as a source.

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Data Pages
• Separate Data from Process, UI and Logic
• What do we have to set up on a Data Page?
• What are the options for each element?
Source from where data is read
Data table, external system
Uses lookup, data transform or report definition
Data structure
List or Page
Scope
Thread(Case), Requestor(User Session) or Node(Across All Sessions)
Refresh Strategy
If Older Than, Do Not Reload When, Once Per Interaction

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Data Pages
• Data pages are invoked declaratively
– System looks for the page in memory
– If not in memory, system must load the page
– Page, once loaded, exists in memory until the scope expires
– Data is refreshed depending on the refresh strategy

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Data Modeling
Not shown, but easy to add is a Page property example:
(I use the example of embedding a head or nose if necessary)
sometimes to keep this analogy going I ask the class,
‘What if we were designing a new mythical creature with
1 eye like Cyclops. How would we implement that?’
it goes down well in class and illustrates that this model
is robust for all eventualities 

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Architect Exam Prep
Wednesday, November 18, 2015

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AUTOMATING BUSINESS
POLICIES

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Declarative Rules
• Name the 6 Declarative Rule Types
– Describe the functionality of each
• What is the difference between a Constraint rule and Validation
rule?
• Where/how are declarative rules referenced?
• Declarative rules can reduce errors and maintenance effort, simplify
development and improve performance – if used properly
Declare Expression
Declare Constraint
Data Page
Declare Index
Declare OnChange
Declare Trigger
Constraint is declarative – Validation rule must be created and then called
Declarative rules are created and the system references them with the exception of the Data
Page. You will reference data pages in various rules within PRPC.

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Declarative Rules
• Since declarative rules are not reference explicitly PRPC must
determine when to execute them.
• Most declarative rules use one of two modes
– Forward Chaining
– Backward Chaining
• All declarative rules use source and target properties
– Source – used as input properties, in some cases there may be more than
one property
– Target – property that is being calculated or computed

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Forward Chaining
• Executed when the value of any of the source properties change
– Most declarative rules follow forward chaining
• Configured on the Change Tracking tab when we select the option
Whenever inputs change
• Used by Declarative Expressions, Constraints, OnChange, Triggers
and Index

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Backward Chaining
• Executed when the target property is referenced
• Only supported by Declarative Expressions
• Provide three options for Backward Chaining
– When used, if no value present
– When used, if property is missing
• In these cases, expression is calculated only once in the case lifecycle unless the
property is removed from the clipboard
– Whenever used
• In this case, the system throws a performance warning, indicating that the expression
will fire as many times as the target property is referenced

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Decisioning Rules
• Name the 4 common decision rule types
– Compare & contrast them
• Where do we use decision rules in Pega 7?
– List where decisions rules are referenced
– Which rule types are referenced where?
• Can a decision rules reference each other?
– If so, how
– Why would you use this type of configuration? Cite examples
• How can decision rules be updated when in production?
– What is this approach called? Why is it important?
Decision Tree
Decision Table
Map Value
When

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Decision Shapes
If Assess Risk is a fork … describe processing
Likelihoods, connector types (when connectors)
If Assess Risk is a Decision … describe processing
Likelihoods, connector types (Result connectors)

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Map Value
• Used in special circumstances where the values of one to two
factors decide the outcome
• If we have 5 different types of customers and 8 different types of
accounts we would need 40 rows in a decision table however we
can represent the same thing with a 5x8 matrix

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When Rules
• Can return only one of two values – True or False
• Used in processes to decide which path to take
• Used in UI, data transforms and other decisioning rules and
declarative expressions to evaluate a condition
• Although most rules will allow you to reference the expression
directly, it is recommended you use a when rule for reuse

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Delegating Decision Rules to Business Users
• First, create a new RuleSet for end users to make changes
– RuleSet should use the application RuleSet as its prerequisite
– Should remain unlocked
– If rules are delegated to more than one user, we should enable the
checkout option
– RuleSet should be added as a production RuleSet
– Access Group of users should be modified to include the Production
Ruleset
– Operator IDs should be configured to allow checkout of rules

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Delegating Decision Rules to Business Users
• Next, we delegate the rule
– Save a copy in the new RuleSet
– Under Actions menu, Add to Favorites
– Choose one of the following options;
• My Access Group, Other Access Groups or Other User Personal
• Once delegated rules will appear on the user portal for users to
access
– For users using case manager, these rules are accessible in the operator
menu

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Data Transforms
• Describe Data Transform functionality
• What are the available step actions in data transforms? Can you
describe them?
• Where are Data Transforms referenced?
There are multiple situations in which the use of the Data Transform is more appropriate than
any other rule type. Whenever we need to set properties values on a given page, whether they
are the initial values or updated values, a Data Transform is the best option.
Set is used to set the target from a source. We can set a value to a Single Value property which
exists in the top-level page such as the pyWorkIDPrefix or in an embedded page such as the
LoanType in the LoanInfo page.
Remove is used to delete the target and any associated values from the clipboard.
We can also use Update Page to set the properties defined on an embedded page. When we
use Update Page we need to set individual properties using the Set action with the nested rows
after the row with “Update Page.” In fact, we have the option of selecting any of the actions
shown above for the nested rows below the “Update Page” row.
We can reference another data transform rule from our existing data transform rule. This might
occur if we are going over 25 steps and want to break the rule into smaller manageable data
transforms. Or we might have a reusable data transform, such as one for initializing a case with
some default values. Whenever we need to invoke a “Data Transform” from another data
transform rule, we use “Apply Data Transform.”
Conditional Actions are Data transforms that execute all the actions in the order defined.
However there are a few conditional actions that are available to add logic, to perform steps
based on a condition. �
When — To conditionally perform actions.

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Otherwise When and Otherwise — To provide actions for the alternative to the When
actions.
We can also iterate over a pagelist using For Each Page In action. Using this action we are able
to apply the change for all the child nested rows of the page list. We have the option of
selecting any of the actions for the child nested rows, such as “Update Page.” “Update Page” is
primarily for a single page, while “For Each Page In” is for a page list. We can use the “Append
to” action to copy a page from the source to the target. For instance, if we want to add a new
page to the Assets page list, we can select new page. We can also add another existing page or
copy all the pages from another pagelist, by selecting the appropriate values in the drop down
in the relation column. “Append and Map to” is used to map individual properties in the page
list. When we select this action, at least one nested child column is used with “Set” action.
If we don’t want to loop through all the pages in the pagelist, we can use the “Exit For Each”
condition to exit the loop, or we can exit from processing all the remaining steps with the “Exit
Data Transform” condition. Typically, we have these steps after a when condition.
Used in:
Starting Processes
Data Propagation
Step in which subcase is instantiated
Flows on connector properties
Flow actions as pre or post processing
Refresh this section in a UI or Run data transform on a cell

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Activities
• Provides procedural processing functionality in PRPC
• Each step has a method. The step page indicates the default page
the method operates on in that step
– Commonly used methods – Property-Set, Obj-Open, Obj-Browse, Page-
New, Page-Remove
• Symbolic indexes that can be useful when we loop through the
iteration
– CURRENT, APPEND, LAST, PREPEND, INSERT
• Out of the box activities can be found under the Designer Studio >
Process & Rules > Processes > APIs

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Routing
• Where do we specify routing?
• Describe what routing does
• Name the different types of router that can be applied, describe
each
• Describe ‘Push’ routing, illustrate your answer with a scenario
• Describe ‘Pull’ routing, illustrate your answer with a scenario
Assignment shape
Set the AssignTo property in the Assignment in the assignment table
Worklist/Workbasket
Push routing routes the assignment to a single user’s worklist, and as such there is immediate
ownership as soon as the assignment is created.
Pull routing, on the other hand, routes to a workbasket that is shared across multiple users.
Ownership does not occur until an operator takes action on it. Most applications use
“GetNextWork” logic to select the most urgent assignment from multiple workbaskets. When
this happens, the assignment is removed from the workbasket and is assigned to the operator’s
worklist.

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PegaPulse
• PegaPulse is a rich social platform that adds social activity
streaming capabilities to the user interface. We can collaborate and
converse with other application users or developers.
If PegaPulse needs to be included in other harnesses, or in any user interface rule, simply
embed a section rule, @baseclass.pxActivityStream
The Message pertains to the current case and Make secure post checkboxes allow us to
configure the availability of the post. The Make secure post option is available only when
Message pertains to the current case has been selected.
Message pertains to the current case is disabled. Post is public and appears in the Pega Pulse
feed in the Case Manager.
Message pertains to the current case is enabled, Make secure post is disabled. Post is public
and appears in the Pega Pulse feed in the Case Manager. Post references the case ID.
Both Message pertains to the current case and Make secure post are enabled Post is private
and only appears in the Pega Pulse feed when the case is opened.

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Case Attachments
• By default, case attachments are store in the pc_data_workattach
table as instances of concrete classes derived from the Data-
WorkAttach- class.
– They are not stored in the same table as the case
• What are some of the types of attachments?
• Where can I find attachments in a case?
Types of attachment
Note attachments (text notes) : Data-WorkAttach-Note
File attachments : Data-WorkAttach-File
URL attachments : Data-WorkAttach-URL
Screen shot attachments : Data-WorkAttach-ScreenShot
Scanned image attachments : Data-WorkAttach-ScanDocument
Content attachments : Data-WorkAttach-ECM for file attachments saved in an External Content
Management system
In the attachments gadget

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Ticketing
• Indicates a business exception. It provides an event-driven
override to normal sequential work processing.
• We raise the ticket when the business exception happens, and we
reference the ticket at a point where we want the flow of the case to
resume again.
• A ticket rule itself defines only a name and a description
– Must raise the ticket
– Must reference the ticket

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Validation
• Where are validation messages configured & referenced?
– Describe the best practice technique for this configuration
– Why is this approach a best practice?
• Where are Validation rules referenced?
• Name 2 Standard validation rules & describe their use
• What are some other types of validation?
• In Validate rules
• Use message rules for localisation and reuse
• Reuse & easier to localise later
• In Flow Actions and other Validate rules
• OnAdd and Validate
• Constraints, Dropdowns, Property Types

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Correspondence and Notification
• Describe Notification in Pega 7
– What is it?
– Where can Notification be configured?
– How can you tell it has been configured?
• What options can be used to configure notification messages?
• What’s the difference between Notification & Correspondence?
Email correspondence in also known as email notifications.
Notify Email Smartshape – simple Rich Text Editor, no variables etc vs Correspondence – full
edits
Can choose email or party
or
In assignment shape, designated by the envelope symbol on the assignment shape
In assignments and other shapes, can send full correspondence with Corr activities
Correspondence: Includes need for WorkParty setup. Also supports correspondence types
whereas notify is much simpler and only supports email.
If you need to have dynamic fields, or "Rich Text" use corr, use notify if you only need hard-
coded simple / sample or standard messages.

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User Experience
• Without good user experience, user adoption is at risk
• User Experience is more than just UI it also encompasses insightful
processes and thoughtful layouts that make applications easy to
use – improves productivity and morale
• Good User Experience
– Automating business processes
– Using intent driven processes
– Ergonomics

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Harness
• Name the 4 common Standard Harness rules.
• What is the purpose of a Harness rule?
• Where can you reference a Harness rule?
• New, Perform, Confirm, Review
• Varies for each but essentially defines the structure of the Case Display form, as well as
functions associated with it
• Flow (Process Tab), Assignment shapes, Nest in Harness or Portal rules

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Harness
• A flow is designed as shown on
the right
• When executed, the output can
be different as shown below.
• How do you achieve this?
Change the Harness referenced in the assignment to Perform_Buttons

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Flow Actions
• What is the purpose of Flow Action rule?
• Other uses of Flow Action rule?
• When is Validation Rule called in a Flow Action?
• When is a Data Transform or Activity called in a Flow Action?
• Rule of thumb: If you need to display a screen, you use a Flow
Action!
References UI rules to define what output to display, provides validation and pre-post action
activities or data transforms
Local Action (Optional Action)
Modal Dialog
Expandable Rows (Repeating layout)
Validation rule is fired on exit from the Flow Action
Data Transforms and Activities can be pre or post processing

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User Interface
• Name some elements that can be used in a section.
– What are the layouts available?
• What is the purpose of using a control?
• What are the required attributes of a repeating layout?
• Order the following in terms of which references which:
Section, Cells, Layout, Harness, Portal, Embedded section
• Name 2 common design patterns to retrieve data from a data
source.
Dynamic Layout, Smart Layout, Freeform Layout, Repeating Layout, Column Layout
Display other than a textbox
Page List or Page Group
Portal, Harness, Section, Layout, Cells, Embedded Section
Data Page and Report Definition

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Layout Types
• Dynamic Layouts
– New to Pega7
– Default layout type
– Uses HTML5 tags and supports responsive behavior
• Column Layouts
– Split the work area into columns. Mostly used on user portals
• Repeating Layouts
– Dynamic and Column layouts can also extended using the repeating mode

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Formatting UI using Controls
• Used in two places
– When a property is defined
– Where the property is referenced
• When a property is defined
– System determines the control based on the data type
• pxTextInput, pxNumber or pxDateTime
– By default uses the setting Control inherited form property as it is added to a
section
• Can override the control on property by selecting a control in the UI
cell

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Building Responsive UI
• Standards Mode automatically enabled in Pega 7
• When designing layouts we use one of the built in style formats or
custom formats
– Make sure to set the width to % instead of px or em to avoid horizontal
scrolling in a number of different devices
• Floats are useful in aligning the layout to the left or right
– Useful when rendering multiple layouts in the same line
• Set Responsive Breakpoints and use Layout Groups

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Implementing Dynamic Actions
• Action Sets
– Same event can trigger more than one action
– Order of the actions important as they are performed in order
– If we need different events to perform different actions then we need to
create it as a new action set
• Event Architecture
– Controls, Grids and Expression Calculations
• Visible When, Refresh When, Disable When and Read-Only When

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Reporting
• Key functions of Pega 7’s reporting capabilities is to provide access
to ad hoc reports that business analysts or managers can run
• Where are Ad-hoc reports accessible?
• What are the two types of Report Categories?
• What are Shortcuts?
• Where do we see the results of a report?
Report Browser
Private and Public
Private – only to user
Public – all standard and shared reports
A shortcut is a link that displays the report title in the report browser. Serves two purposes –
pointer to a report definition rule that is used to present results and the category type where
this shortcut appears
Report Viewer

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Report Definitions
• Can use the Report Editor to create and configure reports
– Automatically creates a report with the name pyDefaultReport
• There are a few requirements that force us to work directly with the
Report Definition
– When modifying the choices in the Report Viewer
– When modifying the choices in the Data Access tab
– Configuring pagination and threshold settings
– Setting up Smart Info and other sections
– Creating and configuring sub reports

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Data Modeling in Reports
• Have to understand how data collected in a case gets saved in
PRPC data tables
• May need to write reports on varied data sets
– Case based reports
– Assignment reports
• pc_assign_worklist
• pc_assign_workbasket
– Audit trail reports
• pxTaskElapsedTime – total time spent on an assignment
• pyPerformActionTime – total time spent on the most recent action
• pyPerformAssignmentTime – total time spent on that assignment including all local flow
actions

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Data Modeling in Reports
• Defining relationships between tables
– Case and Subcase – two records in the same table
– Case and Assignments – two different tables
– Case and History – two different table
• What are the two options to establish relationships between tables?
Class Joins
Associations

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Optimization of Properties
• PRPC uses a specialized BLOB structure to save property values
• To run reports that query against this BLOB can have quite an
impact on processing time especially if we are reporting on
thousands of records
• Run the Optimization Wizard
– Right click on property and select Optimize for Reporting
– Different steps based upon single value, page and page list, page group
properties

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Charts
• Must have a summary type report to display a chart
• Various different chart types to choose from
• Can modify the x and y axis
• Modify chart colors, label and fonts
• New to Pega 7 we include hundreds of maps that we can use to
illustrate data

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Architect Exam Prep
Thursday , November 19, 2015

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Connectors
• Connectors allow us to send requests to another system and return
values to Pega 7
• Many different types of connectors available to us in Pega 7
• Connector wizard will do most of the work

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Connector Processing Model

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Connector Processing Model - Simplified

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Services
• Services allow us to expose PRPC to other applications as a
service
• Many different types of services available in Pega 7
• Service Wizard will do most of the work

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Services Processing Model

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Services Processing Model - Simplified
• External system sends request
• Communicate with PRPC using the correct protocol
• PRPC processes request and sends back response
– Usually creates a case

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Error Handling
• Two basic types of errors:
– Transient
– Permanent
• If the connector is invoked from a data page
– Post Load Processing activity to check for and handle errors.
• In an error occurs while loading the data page a message is added
• If the connector is invoked from an activity, use the Transition Step
Status to check if the connector failed and if so handle the error

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Simulate a Connector
• Useful when data sources are not available
• Can be temporarily enabled or disabled
• Can remove all simulations by using the Clear Simulations button
• Simulation activities can be defined on a global or use session level

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External DB Integration

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System Debugging Tools
• Clipboard
• Tracer
• UI Inspector
• System Management Application

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Performance Analysis Tools
• PAL (Performance Analyzer)
– Provides a view to all the performance statistics that PRPC captures
• Log Usage
– Unlike PAL, shows overall system activity
– Available in SMA
• Guardrail Reports
– Compliance
– Summary
– All Warnings
– Charts

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System Logging
• Accessing
– Designer Studio > System > Tools > Logs > Log Files
– Download as either text files or zip
– Important one for debugging is named Pega
• Reading
– PLA (Pega Log Analyzer)

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Purge and Archive Wizard
• Access by choosing Designer Studio > System > Tools >
Purge/Achive
• Two step process
– Configuration – selecting the Work Pool, Work Type(s), Filtering Criteria
based on aging
– Schedule Process
• Archive Settings – Archive and Purge (mostly used in production) or Purge
• Remove

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Application Migration
• Application Packaging Wizard
• Rule-Admin-Product
• Export Gadget
• Import Wizard

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Agents
• Task-driven or schedule-driven
• Task-driven pick their work from a queue which are generally
created during case processing
• Schedule-driven agents directly run an activity to perform their tasks
• Three types of agents:
– Legacy – backwards compatibility
– Advanced – responsible for both transactional and business processing;
may run an activity directly and that activity my either call the agent queue
or not
– Standard – transactional processing handled by PRPC and leverages the
agent queue functionality. Contains only business logic. Used in the lesson.

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System Queue or Agent Queue
• Represented in PRPC by a class and the entries by the instances of
that class
– System-Queue-DefaultEntry is the class of Standard Agents
– Typically persisted in the pr_sys_queues table
– Entries generated during case processing when the “Queue-For-Agent”
activity method or “QueueForAgent” activity is called
• Auto Queue Management or AQM
– Provides facility to manage the state of each agent queue as it is moving
from “Scheduled” to “Now Processing”
• Returns either “Broken-Process” or “Success”

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Auto Queue Management or AQM
• Provides facility to manage the state of each agent queue as it is
moving from “Scheduled” to “Now Processing”
– Returns either “Broken-Process” or “Success”
• Can be enabled or disabled on each agent
– When enabled, if rollback occurs, AQM puts the queue entry into failure
status and stores in the “Broken-Process” queue. From there, someone with
access to the broken queue can view, fix and re-queue the entry
– When disabled, the agent only gets one chance to process the entry. As the
entry is removed from the queue if it fails
• Best practice is always enable AQM for Standard Agents

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Security
• Authentication
– Are you who you say you are?
– Are you allowed in?
• Authorization
– What are you allowed to do?
– What rules can you execute?

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Authorization Security Overview
Key Points:
• The RuleSet list
 If the Rule is in a RuleSet which is not in your RuleSet list you can’t execute it.
• The Access of Role to Object (ARO)
 For each object that you are performing an operation on, an ARO (for each
Role) is found which may convey the privileges to perform the desired operation
 User has one or more roles (assigned through an access group). Each role has a
collection of ARO’s
• Privileges assigned to Rule Instance
 Allows individual Rule Instances to be secured separately from others.

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Review Authorization Model with Access Manager

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LDAP Authentication
• Directory service designed to represent large complex
organizations
– extremely flexible
– at it’s core it’s a list of records, usually representing people and passwords
• Process of authentication using LDAP is to create operator IDs by
the PRCustom authentication scheme
• PRCustom allows token-based authentication
• Can create using the Authentication Wizard
LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
 Directory service - Lists “people”, stores password
 Each entry had attributes
o DN – Distinguished Name
o CN – Common Name
o O – Organization
o Ou – Organization Unit …. Etc
 On login, PRPC retrieves entry from LDAP directory and creates operator in PRPC
 PRPC examines attributes to grant has access to the application
o Which model operator / access group they should use

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Submitted Questions
• What is the difference between Pega Mesh and Pega Forums?
• If we have ten results for a decision table then will we need ten
connectors? I think no…But how many connectors can we have
max?
• Can you please tell what the Allow To Evaluate Properties sets and
Allow to Take Action check boxes used for?
• Can we use an Action without an Event in sections?
Pega Mesh is a collaboration platform we use internally at Pega. While it is mostly internal and
only available to Pega employees, we have the ability to make certain workspaces available to
Pega, Pega Partners and Customers. In order to get access you must be registered and
subsequently invited to participate in a workspace.
Pega Forums are available to anyone who has access to the PDN and are the recommended
place to search for answers and post your questions as these are monitored daily.
There is no maximum for the number of Connectors emanating from a Decision Shape but best
practices recommend that you limit them to 5 or less. If you have more than 5 connectors
emanating from a decision shape Pega will give you a Guardrail Warning.
The Allow To Evaluate Properties and Allow to Take Action check boxes are advanced features of
Decision Trees. The Allow To Evaluate Properties allows you to reference one property as an
input property. It creates case statement logic.
The Allow to Take Action will allow you to manipulate or set additional properties for each row
that evaluates to True.
While technically it is possible to create and Action without an Event. Nothing would happen.
You would receive a Caution warning from PRPC indicating you have an incomplete action set.
You should have at least one Event and one action.

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Submitted Questions
• We cannot call a decision table from another decision table.... Am I
right? Can a decision table call other decision table? Not
mentioned in Sean's presentation
• Hello, I have a question related to branch. What is the difference
between branch and branched ruleset? Is it required always create
the both?
• But it is required add a branch to the application rule first, and then
create the branched ruleset - is that the functionality?
While you can call a Decision Table and Tree from a Decision Tree. There is no built in provision
in Pega to Call a Decision Table from another Decision Table. But it can be done indirectly by
using a Property in the Decision Table that is calculated automatically by a Declare Expression
that References a Decision Table.
I think you may be confusing the Branch instruction in an activity with a Branch Ruleset. You
can create a Branch Ruleset in Pega. A Branch Ruleset is used to allow separate development
teams to make independent changes to a shared RuleSet while still providing visibility into each
others changes. Branched Rulesets may eventually require merging.
A branch is a container for RuleSets with rules that are undergoing rapid change in a
development environment. The RuleSets associated with a branch are called Branched
RuleSets. We say that a branch RuleSet is a RuleSet that: Is based off of or "branched from"
another RuleSet and contains rules that are in active development in the associated branch.
Branch RuleSets can be created directly from the Application Rule form.
• Select Create Branch Ruleset.
• Select a Branch ID
• Chose a RuleSet to branch from.

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Submitted Questions
• So when we add/import a branch, the rules defined in the branch
would also show up in our Application Explorer?
• What is the use of Correspondence Fragment?
• Okay.... referencing a correspondence rule or correspondence
fragment in a correspondence rule means same?
• What is the difference between Data Page and Clipboard?
Yes, as long as they are part of our application (they are an associated ruleset). Branched
Rulesets are useful in development projects, where multiple teams work simultaneously on the
rules and all members on one team need to see each others work, while also isolating their
development changes from the other teams.
Correspondence Fragments can be used as a "snippet" of Correspondence to insert into other
Correspondence Rules. Please Note that Correspondence Rules can also reference other
Correspondence Rules. An example of a Correspondence Fragment is legalize or non-disclosure
information that your legal department requests you include in all outgoing emails.
Yes. Just the correspondence fragment tends to be a “snippet”
A Data Page is a Page in Memory (stored in the Clipboard) that is used by Pega to cache
required. This page can be scoped and include a refresh strategy. The Clipboard represents the
Requestor's Session on the Application Server.

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Submitted Questions
• Is it possible to use jQuery library with Pega UI like how we do in
any Java or .NET UI pages?
• Talking about dynamic layout, when Sean reduced the size of the
window, in the skills textbox looks like some options 'disappeared'
(the ones for changing styles, text size and so on). Is this normal or
an issue?
• In the Status value list, we can find several status. How we can
identify the ones that are provided by PRPC by default?
While it may be possible it most certainly would be a violation of best practices and it would
make your application extremely difficult to maintain and support. Definitely NOT a "Build for
Change" strategy.
While some of the controls did change as the window was reduced the Rich Text Editor is not a
responsive control.
You can find the standard status values by navigating to the Designer Studio > Process & Rules >
Processes > Status Values for a complete list of status values.
In a Work Status field if you use the Smart Prompt it should show you custom status values first
followed by built in status when you select the More… option.

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Submitted Questions
• What is the difference between notification and correspondence?
Does the notification use a correspondence – or does it use a
message by default?
• When a report is created through the report browser – which rule
records are created? Only the report definition or also a shortcuts?
Is it necessary to create explicitly a shortcut?
• What is the meaning of “pick the best” in Step 8 of rule resolution?
Notification is the activity we use to send out the correspondence to the correct recipients.
Correspondence is the content of the message. This is contrasted with the Send Email smart
shape which will allow us to send a Rich Text Message or Correspondence.
When we create a report through the Report Browser a temporary copy of data is viewable
using the Report Viewer. If the user does not save, no records are created. If the user saves the
record a Report Definition as well as a Shortcut is created. It is required to initially create the
report however shortcuts are not needed unless you would like to reference the same report in
a different report category.
This is the final step that determines which candidate is the most likely one to be executed. Each
of the qualifiers is examined to see if there is a match. The system stops on the first match that’s
available or the default if none of the qualifiers match. This allows us to use the qualifiers, such
as Circumstance, to specify the outlier processes while still maintaining a base ‘default’ rule for
the majority of cases.

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