IT CREATES AWARENESS AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC REGARDING ALLERGY WHICH IS COMMON AMONG ALL & ALSO HELP THE PARAMEDICS & NURSING PERSONNEL TO ENHANCE THEIR KNOWLEDGE & HELP THE EDUCATORS TO TEACH THEIR STUDENTS REGARDING THIS COMMON PROBLEM.

1. ALLERGY
By:
SANJAY SIR
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING
NEW CIVIL HOSPITAL
SURAT

2. Definition
Allergy is defined as an exaggerated
immune response to the presence of
certain foreign substances.
The foreign substances that produce
allergy are called allergens.

3. Causative Factors
 Atopic or
Hereditary
 Host Defence
 Nature of the
allergen
 Route of entry of
allergen

4. Pathophysiology
 Allergic reaction occurs in two stages:
1. Sensitivity
2. Hypersensitivity

5. Pathophysiology

6. Signs & Symptoms

7. Diagnostic Tests
 Detailed History
 Thorough Physical
Examination
 Common Allergy
Tests

8. Common Allergy Tests
 Skin Testing
 Radio Allergy Sorbent
Test (RAST)
 Fleuroenzyme
Immuno Essay Test
(FEIA)
 Pulmonary Function
Test to diagnose
asthama.
 Blood Essays for IgE
levels.

9. Treatment
 Identification of
specific allergen
 Control of
environment
 Immunotherapy
 Desensitization

10. Nursing Management
1. Detailed history taking:
When, Where, What, Why?
2. Identification of allergen
3. Health Education

12. Definition
 Also known as dermatitis. It is not a
specific disease but a group of
disorders with a characteristic clinical
appearance.

13. Types of Eczema
Atopic
Dermatits
Xerotic
Dermatits
Contact
Dermatits

14. Pathophysiology
 Exposure to allergens
 IgE antibodies
production
 Release of histamine,
cytokines, platelet
activating factors
 Sign & symptoms
appear

15. Typical Sites of Eczema

16. Characteristic Signs of
Eczema

17. Clinical Manifestations
Acute Stage
• Intense
Prurits
• Erosions with
Exudates
Sub Acute
Stage
• Erythematous
Skin
• Scaling
Papules
Chronic
Stage
• Thickened
Skin and
Cracks
• Fibrotic
Papules

18. Stages of Eczema
Chronic Stage
 Acute Stage
 Sub Acute Stage

19. Treatment
 Medications
◦ Topical
corticosteroids
◦ Occlusives ,tar
preparations,
emollients etc.
◦ Systemic
Medications like
antibiotics and
antihistamines

20. Nursing Management
 Assess the client with dermatitis for bathing
habits, use of moisturizers, medication
regiment, exposure to known allergens,
environmental exposure.
 Hydrate the skin:
Daily skin care that hydrates and lubricates
the skin should be done.
 Remove Allergens:
Allergens, food, aeroallergens and emotional
stress