Please I need this answered with refrences . Thanks In a database, to control security, lock controls are implemented and tested using the ACID test. Explain the following terms for each letter within the ACID method: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability. Solution ACID properties are an important concept for databases. The acronym stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. The ACID properties of a DBMS allow safe sharing of data. A transaction in a database system must maintain A tomicity, C onsistency, I solation, and D urability commonly known as ACID properties in order to ensure accuracy, completeness, and data integrity. Atomicity his property states that a transaction must be treated as an atomic unit, that is, either all of its operations are executed or none. There must be no state in a database where a transaction is left partially completed. States should be defined either before the execution of the transaction or after the execution/abortion/failure of the transaction. Features to consider for atomicity: Consistency Consistency is the ACID property that ensures that any changes to values in an instance are consistent with changes to other values in the same instance. A consistency constraint is a predicate on data which serves as a precondition, post-condition, and transformation condition on any transaction. Isolation In a database system where more than one transaction are being executed simultaneously and in parallel, the property of isolation states that all the transactions will be carried out and executed as if it is the only transaction in the system. No transaction will affect the existence of any other transaction. As an example, if two people are updating the same catalog item, it\'s not acceptable for one person\'s changes to be \"clobbered\" when the second person saves a different set of changes. Both users should be able to work in isolation, working as though he or she is the only user. Each set of changes must be isolated from those of the other users. Durability The database should be durable enough to hold all its latest updates even if the system fails or restarts. If a transaction updates a chunk of data in a database and commits, then the database will hold the modified data. If a transaction commits but the system fails before the data could be written on to the disk, then that data will be updated once the system springs back into action. Features to consider for durability: .

1. Please I need this answered with refrences . Thanks
In a database, to control security, lock controls are implemented and tested using the ACID test.
Explain the following terms for each letter within the ACID method: Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation, Durability.
Solution
ACID properties are an important concept for databases. The acronym stands for Atomicity,
Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. The ACID properties of a DBMS allow safe sharing of
data.
A transaction in a database system must maintain A tomicity, C onsistency, I solation, and D
urability commonly known as ACID properties in order to ensure accuracy, completeness, and
data integrity.
Atomicity
his property states that a transaction must be treated as an atomic unit, that is, either all of its
operations are executed or none. There must be no state in a database where a transaction is left
partially completed. States should be defined either before the execution of the transaction or
after the execution/abortion/failure of the transaction.
Features to consider for atomicity:
Consistency
Consistency is the ACID property that ensures that any changes to values in an instance are
consistent with changes to other values in the same instance. A consistency constraint is a
predicate on data which serves as a precondition, post-condition, and transformation condition on
any transaction.
Isolation
In a database system where more than one transaction are being executed simultaneously and in
parallel, the property of isolation states that all the transactions will be carried out and executed

2. as if it is the only transaction in the system. No transaction will affect the existence of any other
transaction.
As an example, if two people are updating the same catalog item, it's not acceptable for one
person's changes to be "clobbered" when the second person saves a different set of changes.
Both users should be able to work in isolation, working as though he or she is the only user. Each
set of changes must be isolated from those of the other users.
Durability
The database should be durable enough to hold all its latest updates even if the system fails or
restarts. If a transaction updates a chunk of data in a database and commits, then the database
will hold the modified data. If a transaction commits but the system fails before the data could be
written on to the disk, then that data will be updated once the system springs back into action.
Features to consider for durability: