What is volume

•Download as PPTX, PDF•

1 like•831 views

R

Volume is the space that an object takes up, and it is measured using units like milliliters (ml). For example, the volume of water in a measuring cup is 300 ml. Volume is quantified by how much space an object occupies and is typically measured in milliliters using containers like measuring cups.

What is Volume?
• The space that the object takes.
• The measuring cup is used to measure
volume.

What is the Unit of measuring
Volume?
• We measure Volume in
Milliliter (ml).
• Example: The volume of the water is 300 ml

More Related Content

More from roshanrm

2 b project

1 b project

1 a project

Magnets 3

Mix. 1 a

Magnets1

Mixing 1 b

Magnets 2 b

Magnets 2 a

Seeds 2 a

Seeds 2 b

Plants life cycles

Plants life cycles

Plants life cycles

Butterfly life cycle

Butterfly life cycle

Butterfly life cycle

1 a nr

Sorting nr

Deer life cycle

Deer life cycle

Deer life cycle

Earth changes slowly

Earth changes slowly

Earth changes slowly

Earth changes quickly

Earth changes quickly

Earth changes quickly

Behavioral adaptation

Behavioral adaptation

Behavioral adaptation

Fall

More from roshanrm (20)

2 b project

1 b project

1 a project

Magnets 3

Mix. 1 a

Magnets1

Mixing 1 b

Magnets 2 b

Magnets 2 a

Seeds 2 a

Seeds 2 b

Plants life cycles

Plants life cycles

Plants life cycles

Butterfly life cycle

Butterfly life cycle

Butterfly life cycle

1 a nr

Sorting nr

Deer life cycle

Deer life cycle

Deer life cycle

Earth changes slowly

Earth changes slowly

Earth changes slowly

Earth changes quickly

Earth changes quickly

Earth changes quickly

Behavioral adaptation

Behavioral adaptation

Behavioral adaptation

Fall

Recently uploaded

Anemia_ different types_causes_ conditions

Anemia_ different types_causes_ conditions

Anemia_ different types_causes_ conditions

In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx

In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx

In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx

extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf

extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf

extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf

Slide 1: Title Slide Extrachromosomal Inheritance Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus. Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids. Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria. Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring. Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy. Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts. Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species. Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA. Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes. Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation. Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering. Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells. Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression. Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells. Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration. Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells. Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases. Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification. Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA. Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases. Slide 10: Conclusion Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology. Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications. Slide 11: Questions and Discussion Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.

Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology

Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology

Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology

As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.

general properties of oerganologametal.ppt

general properties of oerganologametal.ppt

general properties of oerganologametal.ppt

IqrimaNabilatulhusni

Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions

Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions

Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 5) Chemistry of Lipids

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 5) Chemistry of Lipids

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 5) Chemistry of Lipids

NuGOweek 2024 Ghent - programme - final version

NuGOweek 2024 Ghent - programme - final version

NuGOweek 2024 Ghent - programme - final version

RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING

RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING

RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING

AADYARAJPANDEY1

Introduction: RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression. It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences. dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants. This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes. What are small ncRNAs? micro RNA (miRNA) short interfering RNA (siRNA) Properties of small non-coding RNA: Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts. Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long. Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered). Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA. Discovery of siRNA? The first small RNA: In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the development of the worm C. elegans. Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14. Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions. Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA) MiRNA Length (23-25 nt) Trans acting Binds with target MRNA in mismatch Translation inhibition Si RNA Length 21 nt. Cis acting Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence Piwi-RNA Length ; 25 to 36 nt. Expressed in Germ Cells Regulates trnasposomes activity MECHANISM OF RNAI: First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces. Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands. The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it. THE RISC COMPLEX: RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA. DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III) Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute ARGONAUTE PROTEIN : 1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA 2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity. MiRNA: The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .

plant biotechnology Lecture note ppt.pptx

plant biotechnology Lecture note ppt.pptx

plant biotechnology Lecture note ppt.pptx

Citrus Greening Disease and its Management

Citrus Greening Disease and its Management

Citrus Greening Disease and its Management

subedisuryaofficial

Viksit bharat till 2047 India@2047.pptx

Viksit bharat till 2047 India@2047.pptx

Viksit bharat till 2047 India@2047.pptx

rakeshsharma20142015

Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway

Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway

Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway

AADYARAJPANDEY1

Normal Cell Metabolism: Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function. Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released. Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP. The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process. Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP. The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos). It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation. If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use. IN CANCER CELL: Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful. Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation. This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive. Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful. Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation. This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive. introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA: WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside. Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme. WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands

Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.

Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx

Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx

Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx

ESR_factors_affect-clinic significance-Pathysiology.pptx

ESR_factors_affect-clinic significance-Pathysiology.pptx

ESR_factors_affect-clinic significance-Pathysiology.pptx

(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...

(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...

(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...

Scintica Instrumentation

Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes. In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.

SAMPLING.pptx for analystical chemistry sample techniques

SAMPLING.pptx for analystical chemistry sample techniques

SAMPLING.pptx for analystical chemistry sample techniques

Circulatory system_ Laplace law. Ohms law.reynaults law,baro-chemo-receptors-...

Circulatory system_ Laplace law. Ohms law.reynaults law,baro-chemo-receptors-...

Circulatory system_ Laplace law. Ohms law.reynaults law,baro-chemo-receptors-...

erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx

erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx

erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx

Recently uploaded (20)

Anemia_ different types_causes_ conditions

Anemia_ different types_causes_ conditions

Anemia_ different types_causes_ conditions

In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx

In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx

In silico drugs analogue design: novobiocin analogues.pptx

extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf

extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf

extra-chromosomal-inheritance[1].pptx.pdfpdf

Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology

Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology

Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technology

general properties of oerganologametal.ppt

general properties of oerganologametal.ppt

general properties of oerganologametal.ppt

Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions

Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions

Mammalian Pineal Body Structure and Also Functions

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 5) Chemistry of Lipids

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 5) Chemistry of Lipids

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 5) Chemistry of Lipids

NuGOweek 2024 Ghent - programme - final version

NuGOweek 2024 Ghent - programme - final version

NuGOweek 2024 Ghent - programme - final version

RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING

RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING

RNA INTERFERENCE: UNRAVELING GENETIC SILENCING

plant biotechnology Lecture note ppt.pptx

plant biotechnology Lecture note ppt.pptx

plant biotechnology Lecture note ppt.pptx

Citrus Greening Disease and its Management

Citrus Greening Disease and its Management

Citrus Greening Disease and its Management

Viksit bharat till 2047 India@2047.pptx

Viksit bharat till 2047 India@2047.pptx

Viksit bharat till 2047 India@2047.pptx

Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway

Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway

Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate Pathway

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands

Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands

Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx

Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx

Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx

ESR_factors_affect-clinic significance-Pathysiology.pptx

ESR_factors_affect-clinic significance-Pathysiology.pptx

ESR_factors_affect-clinic significance-Pathysiology.pptx

(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...

(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...

(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...

SAMPLING.pptx for analystical chemistry sample techniques

SAMPLING.pptx for analystical chemistry sample techniques

SAMPLING.pptx for analystical chemistry sample techniques

Circulatory system_ Laplace law. Ohms law.reynaults law,baro-chemo-receptors-...

Circulatory system_ Laplace law. Ohms law.reynaults law,baro-chemo-receptors-...

Circulatory system_ Laplace law. Ohms law.reynaults law,baro-chemo-receptors-...

erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx

erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx

erythropoiesis-I_mechanism& clinical significance.pptx

What is volume

1. What is Volume? • The space that the object takes. • The measuring cup is used to measure volume.

2. What is the Unit of measuring Volume? • We measure Volume in Milliliter (ml). • Example: The volume of the water is 300 ml