1. Local Food
Space for Conversation
Roanna Martin
WVU Dietetic Intern
Bootcamp
1
August 8, 2012

2. Presentation Outline
Introduction
A Local Snack
Definitions
Movements
Role of the Dietitian
Resources
Conclusion
Off to the Farmer‘s Market

3. Introduction
Growing

4. Why talk about Local
Foods?
My personal interest
A growing movement
Potential for nutrition education

5. My Personal Interest
Raised on a farm in Lancaster County, PA
Worked with my mom in the garden
Canned and froze much of our own produce
Volunteered at Mount Joy Farmers‘ Market
Interned at 2 CSA (Community Supported
Agriculture) farms
International Travel

6. A Growing Movement
The number of farmers markets has more than tripled in
the past 15 years and there are now more than 7,175
around the country
In 1986 there were two community supported agriculture
operations, today there are over 4,000
There are farm to school programs in 48 states, totaling
more than 2,200 and up from two in 1996
All 50 states in the U.S. have agricultural branding
programs, such as "Jersey Fresh" or "Simply Kansas‖
As Governor of Iowa, Tom Vilsack started one of the first
food policy councils. Today there are over 100 food policy
councils
And the National Restaurant Association declared "locally
sourced meats and seafood" and "locally grown produce"
as the top two trends for 2011.
Source: Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food Mission

7. Nutrition Outreach
Local foods venues offer a forum to talk with
people about their food experience in a positive
way
Farmers‘ Markets bring people to a common
meeting place
CSA‘s introduce consumers to new vegetables
regularly
Children get excited about being involved in the
process of growing foods

8. Whole Wheat Pepperoni
Roll
The pepperoni roll was invented by Giuseppe "Joseph"
Argiro at the Country Club Bakery in Fairmont, West
Virginia, in 1927.
The rolls originated as a lunch option for the coal miners of
north-central West Virginia in the first half of the 20th
century.
Pepperoni rolls do not need to be refrigerated for storage
and could readily be packed for lunch by miners.
Pepperoni and other Italian foods became popular in north-
central West Virginia in the early 20th century, when the
booming mines and railroads attracted many immigrants
from Italy.
The pepperoni roll bears a resemblance to the pasty and
sausage roll, which originated in the mining communities of
Great Britain, as well as to the Italian calzone.

9. Let‘s Define:
Local Food
Conventional Food System
Organic
Sustainable Agriculture
Food security

10. Movements
National, State, Local

11. National Programs
United States Department of Agriculture

12. Farm to
School
A program that connects schools (K-12) and local farms with the
objectives of:
• Serving healthy meals in school cafeterias
• Improving student nutrition
• Providing agriculture, health and nutrition education opportunities
• Supporting local and regional farmers
www.farmtoschool.o
rg

13. Development of Farm To
School
1996-1997: Pilot Programs in California and
Florida
2000: USDA Initiative for Future Agriculture &
Food Systems (IFAFS) established the National
Farm to School Program.
2004: Estimated 400 programs in 22 states.
2009: Estimated over 2000 programs in 40
states.
Currently, there are 10000 schools involved in
the Farm to School program, spanning all 50
states.

14. WV Farm to School Conference:
Morgantown Sept. 27-28
• 92 attendees- from shool food service directors to farmers, and
others involved in strengthening farm-to-school efforts.
• Discussions of food safety on the farm: Good Agricultural Practices
(GAP) and Good Handling Practices (GHP)
• Ideas for tying farm to school to curricula, promoting educational
outreach, container and school gardens, menu ideas, and getting
more people engaged.

15. Nutrition
Education
with Farm to
School
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KR8qQm1mJ

16. School Gardens: Regional
Gathering
May 21, 2012
Charleston, WV
29 Representatives
AmeriCorps Members Building School Gardens: Fayette
County, Pocahontas County
Farm to School Successes:
•Fayette County Schools: Currently purchasing from 3 farmers, looking to
expand
•David Seay, Food Service Director has asked WV farmers to bid on a
contract to produce 100,000 pounds of beef.
•Cabell County: Currently purchases as many eggs as possible from a 4-H
member, and students planted over 900 lbs of sweet potatoes to produce for

17. School
Gardens
North Elementary School
Morgantown, WV

18. Farm to School
Roadblocks
Lack of quantity production
Cost of production vs. available funds
Transport of product
Undertrained school food service staff
Lack of interest among personnel
How could you as a dietitian help to overcome
this?

19. Hospital Involvement
June 2011 survey of 89 facilities
94.1 percent purchased and served local food or
beverages
81.8 percent of respondents host a farmers‘
market, farm stand or community-supported
agriculture (CSA program on-site)
60 percent purchased directly from a farm, ranch or
farm cooperative
For more information, visit:
http://www.healthyfoodinhealthcare.org./
http://www.noharm.org/us_canada/news_hcwh/2011/nov/hcwh2011-11-14.php

20. CSA
Community Supported
Agriculture

21. What is a CSA?
Community supported agriculture (CSA) is a
relatively new idea in farming, one that has been
gaining momentum since its introduction to the
United States from Europe in the mid-1980s
The CSA concept originated in the 1960s in
Switzerland and Japan, where consumers
interested in safe food and farmers seeking
stable markets for their crops joined together in
economic partnerships.
Source:
http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/csa/csadef.sh
tml

22. Farmers’
Markets

23. Farmers Markets
Multi-stall market at which farmer-producers sell
agricultural products directly the general public
Held at a central or fixed location
Fresh fruits and vegetables
Meat products
Dairy products
Grains
(http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/ebt/fm-scrip-what_is_fm.htm)

26. Average farmers‘ market sales
by region, 2005
$243
$150
$306
$220
$155
$210
$90
$477
(Ragland and Tropp, 2009)

27. Farmers
Markets in
WV
•59 markets with map coordinates
in WV
•76 listed at
search.ams.uwda.gov/farmersmar
kets

28. West Virginia
A Mountain State with a whole lot of potential

29. 2007 USDA Ag Census
West Virginia
23,618 farms in WV
3,697,606 acres
Farms with direct sales
2002: 1,434
2007: 1,990 (8.4% of all farms).
Average direct sales per farm
2002: $3,199
2007: $3,567

30. West Virginia Food System: Seasonal
Production Expansion and its Impacts
Released by the West Virginia Food and Farm
Coalition in 2012
Focus on Fruit and Vegetable Production
There are 166,500 acres with slopes less than
2%, over 10 times more land area than needed
to grow 100% of West Virginia‘s in-season
consumer demand.
If this amount was produced:
1,723 new jobs (690 farming, 510 food and
beverage)
$120.8 million in sales

31. Economic Impact of Local
Foods

32. Impact on Local
Economies
Iowa
Each dollar spent at farmers‘ markets in Iowa
generated 58 cents in indirect and induced sales
(Multiplier of 1.58).
Each dollar of personal income earned at farmer‘s
markets generated an additional 47 cents in
indirect and induced income (Multiplier of 1.47).
Each full-time equivalent job created at farmers
markets created .45 additional jobs in other
sectors of Iowa economy (Multiplier of 1.45).
(Otto and Varner, 2005)

33. Economic Impact of Farmer‘s
Markets in WV
Conducted in 2005 using an opportunity cost framework
34 markets across the state, with total of 331 vendors
Estimated $1.725 million spent at WV farmer‘s markets in 2005
Using IMPLAN-based input-output model, calculated that farmer‘s
markets create:
119 jobs (69 FTE)
$2.389 million in output, including $1.48 million in gross state
product (GSP)
Accounting for direct revenue losses, reduced to:
82 jobs (43 FTE)
$1.075 million in output, $0.653 million in GSP

34. SNAP at Farmers’ Markets

35. SNAP
1961- pilot Food Stamp Program
first recipients in Paynesville, WV (McDowell
County)
Food Stamp Act of 1964 created the federally
funded nutrition program
Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) became statewide
in WV in May 2003
Food Stamp Program was renamed SNAP in 2008
to reduce stigma

36. 2010 SNAP in WV
In West Virginia, there were 331,000 participants in
151,000 households that were enrolled in SNAP
WV monthly benefit per household: $257
Total monthly SNAP benefits distributed in WV:
$38,724,000
Total distributed for the year: $464.68 million
Total redeemed: $462.30 million
Estimated that every $5 in new SNAP = $9.00 in total
economic activity

37. Two Systems
Central Point of Sale (POS)
One Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) permit
Customers swipe EBT at central location of the market
Market is responsible to distribute payment to vendors
Individual POS
Individual farmers/vendors operate their own terminal
Wireless POS terminal
Wired POS terminal when access to electricity and
landlines
Option of using telephone and paper vouchers

38. Farmers‘ markets using EBT
by region(2005)

39. EBT authorized farmers‘
markets and individual farmers
nationally
2010
1611 authorized (only 65% redeemed)
2011
2400 authorized

40. How many farmers’
markets in WV accept
SNAP?

41. USDA AMS Farmers‘
Market Search
76 total farmers‘ markets listed
10 of them listed as authorized SNAP retailers
Barbour County Community Garden Market
Bridgeport Farmers‘ Market
Charleston Farmers‘ Market
Elkins Farmers‘ Market
Fayette County Farmers‘ Market
Ittle Bitty Farms (listed twice)
Lewisburg Farmers‘ Market
Morgantown Farmers‘ Market
Pocahontas County Farmer‘s Market (*unlisted)
South Morgantown Community Farmers Market
Winter Blues Farmers‘ Market (*unlisted)

42. Methods
Contacted each market by email
Followed up with phone call if necessary
In what year did the market begin to accept SNAP
benefits?
What was the dollar amount of SNAP benefits
processed at the market in any years that
SNAP/EBT was accepted?
What was your total market sales in the years that
SNAP/EBT was accepted?

43. Total Market Sales at WV Farmers’
Markets that accept SNAP
Elkins Farmers Market 2011 $70,000.00
Winter Blues 2012 $18,500.00
Winter Blues 2011 $12,000.00
Pocahontas County Farmers Market 2011 $30,000.00
Pocahontas County Farmers Market 2010
South Morgantown Community Farmers Market
$45,215.00 SNAP
2011
South Morgantown Community Farmers Market Total Market Sales
$36,580.00
2010
Morgantown Farmers Market 2011 $38,500.00
Morgantown Farmers Market 2010
Barbour County Market 2011 $28,000.00
Barbour County Market 2010 $21,000.00
$0 $10,000$20,000$30,000$40,000$50,000$60,000$70,000

44. Total SNAP Redemptions at WV Farmers’ Markets that
accept SNAP
Ittle Bitty Farms 2011 $125.00
Elkins Farmers Market 2011 $1,200.00
Winter Blues 2012 $225.00
Winter Blues 2011 $180.00
Pocahontas County Farmers Market 2011 $750.00
Pocahontas County Farmers Market 2010 $709.00 SNAP
South Morgantown Community Farmers Total Market Sales
$358.00
Market 2011
South Morgantown Community Farmers
$463.00
Market 2010
Morgantown Farmers Market 2011 $500.00
Barbour County Market 2011 $242.20
Barbour County Market 2010 $303.01
$0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000

45. SNAP Percentage of Total Market
Sales in West Virginia
Ittle Bitty Farms 2011 3.13%
Elkins Farmers Market 2011 1.71%
Winter Blues 2012 1.22%
Winter Blues 2011 1.50%
Pocahontas County Farmers Market 2011 2.50%
South Morgantown Community Farmers Market 2011 0.79%
South Morgantown Community Farmers Market 2010 1.27%
Morgantown Farmers Market 2011 1.30%
Barbour County Market 2011 0.87%
Barbour County Market 2010 1.44%
0.00% 0.50% 1.00% 1.50% 2.00% 2.50% 3.00% 3.50%

46. Summary
Total market redemptions ranged from $125-
1,200
SNAP redemptions comprised between .79%
and 8.80% of total market revenue
SNAP benefits redeemed total
2010: $1,655.01
2011: $3,400.00

47. Pilot Program
Currently, WV is in
the process of
piloting various
programs to increase
SNAP Participation.
WVU Mon County
Extension Service at
Morgantown
Farmers‘ Market

48. Government Programs-
National Participation
Women, Infants, and Children Farmers Market
Nutrition Program (WIC FMNP)
60.7% of markets participated
Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP)
45.4% of markets participated
EBT
6.8% of markets participated
(Ragland and Tropp, 2009)

49. Barriers to SNAP Usage at
Farmers Markets

50. Barriers for Market
Vendors
Cost of acquiring and installing wireless EBT
terminal
Lack of Electricity
Lack of Telephone Line
Vendor operated POS terminals

51. Barriers for Consumers
Lack of education
Perceived higher cost of produce
Lack of transportation

52. Attracting Low Income
Customers to Farmers Markets
Provide necessary infrastructure to serve low-income customers who
rely on federal nutrition programs.
Build partnerships designed to involve and give back to the
community.
Conduct targeted community outreach.
Foster a market environment that is welcoming to customers of
various cultures.
Offer, at affordable prices, a product mix that is responsive to diverse
customers‘ preferences and needs.
Advocate for public and private subsidization of farmers‘ markets
serving low-income communities.
(DC Hunger Solutions, 2007)

53. ―Unless we are prepared to tolerate two
very different food systems, one that
serves an elite class very well and one that
serves all others poorly, I recommend that
we invest our public and private charitable
dollars in healthy food at every opportunity.
The cost of healthy food, which should
include local and organic whenever
practicable, should not be a limitation for
any class of citizens‖
Mark Winne, Closing the Food Gap.

54. Local Food ≠ Expensive
Reduce meat consumption
Buy in season and freeze or can
Use SNAP benefits to purchase seeds
Network with friends
Visit the farmers‘ market towards the end of the
day for seconds

55. Pick Your
Own

56. Grow Your Own

57. Morgantown
Making it Happen

58. Local Food in Morgantown
4 Farmers‘ Markets
Monday: Cheat Lake Farmer‘s Market, 4-7 PM
Wednesday: Ruby Hospital, 11-3 pm
Thursday: South Morgantown Farmers‘ Market, 3-6:30
PM
Saturday: Morgantown Farmers‘ Market, 8:30 AM-
12:00 PM
1 CSA
Round Right Farm in Terra Alta, WV
School Gardens
North Elementary
Woodburn Elementary

59. Local Food in Morgantown
Restaurants
Terra Café
Richwood Grill
New Day Bakery
Zenclay Café
Madeleine‘s Restaurant

60. Terra Cafe
Star City, by Rail Trail

61. Role of the Dietitian

62. Jobs Involving Local Foods
Cooperative Extension
Work with FoodCorps
Blogging

63. In Any Position
Be prepared with evidence-based information
Help people to celebrate foods
Use farmers‘ markets and school gardens as a
venue for community outreach
Look for Food Policy Councils in your geographic
region

64. Resources
Online, Books, Films, Organizations, and Others

65. http://www.usda.gov/maps/maps/kyfcompassmap.htm

66. Online
www.foodroutes.org
www.wvfarm2u.wordpress.com
www.localharvest.org
www.wvfarmers.org
www.slowfoodusa.org
www.foodalliance.org
www.animalwelfareapproved.org
www.eatwild.com
www.pickyourown.org

67. Books
Animal, Vegetable, Miracle. Barbara Kingsolver
Omnivore's Dilemma. Michael Pollan
Closing the Food Gap. Mark Winne
Free For All: Fixing School Food in America.
Janet Poppendieck
Simply in Season Cookbook. Herald Press
Other Authors: Wes Jackson, Wendell
Berry, Carlo Petrini, Peter Singer.

68. Films
―Food, Inc.‖
―Fast Food Nation‖
―Ingredients‖
―Food Beware‖ –French Success Story

69. Organizations
West Virginia Food and Farm Coalition
www.wvhub.org/wvffc
Hunger and Environmental Nutrition Dietetic Practice
Group
www.hendpg.org
Community Food Security Coalition
www.foodsecurity.org
WVU Small Farms Center
WVU Extension Service

70. Other
West Virginia Small Farms Conference
February 28-March 2, 2013
Food Sleuth Radio- Melinda
Hemmelgarn, M.S., R.D.
http://www.prx.org/series/32432-food-sleuth-radio

71. Conclusion

72. Conclusions
• The local foods movement is growing, and
dietitians can use it as a springboard for talking
about healthy food choices.
• Farm to Institution movements offer a great
conversation starter.
• Enjoy the food, and the relationships that build
from it.

73. Words of Caution
Vegetables are still vegetables, no matter where
they come from
Marketing is powerful.
―Eggs from a farmer are ‗go‘ foods, right?‖
(Quote from a child at 4—H Camp)
Do not allow personal biases to influence your
health recommendations to clients

74. Questions?

75. Off to Market…