2. Aryabhatta 1
Earth’s Rotational Time
• At age of 23, noted down the
observations and calculations for a
mathematical system to figure out the
working of universe
• In his book, stated Earth was Spherical
in shape, rotate on its axis and like other
planets, revolve around sun in elliptical
orbit.
3. Aryabhatta 1
Earth’s Rotational Time
• This happened 1500 year and 2000 year
before Copernicus and Galileo.
• He also calculated that the Earth takes
23 hours 56 minutes and 4.01 sec to
complete one rotation.
• Modern value of this is 23:56:4.091
• And… he also gave Zero
4. BhramaGUpta
Rules for Zero
• Bhramahupta gave zero its exalted status
as a number in mathematics.
• He framed rules of operations
• In his book, Bhramasphuta Siddhanta, he
explained addition or subtraction of zero
• To any quantity leaves it unchanged.
Product of any quantity with zero leaves
zero and division of any quantity by zero
is infinity
5. Nagarjuna 1
Discovery of alloys
• Discovered process of alloying in 2nd BC.
• His book Rasarathnakara, retains notes
on process of extraction of silver, tin and
copper from their ores and their
purification.
• Also mentioned process of
distillation, sublimation, calcination and
coloring of metals.
6. Kanada
Proponent of Atomic Theory
• Stated that, Everything in this world is
made up of pramanu [atom], the real
entities which are obtained when a
matter is divided and subdivided until
further division is not possible.
• It believed that kanada was the earliest
proponent of atomic concept in universe.
• Just 2500 years before John Dalton.
7. baudhayana
Pythagoras Theorem
• Stated that, The areas [of the squares]
produced separately by the lengths of
the breadth of a rectangle together
equal the area [of the square]
produced by the diagonal.
• Sounds Familiar ? Eventually today
known as Pythagoras theorem.
• Seidenberg (1983) argued that "Old
Babylonia got the theorem of
Pythagoras from India”
8. vaharamihira
Mapping the Skies
• He put forward that we would notice that
sky is slowly shifting backward with each
progressing a year.
• He was the first one to mention shifting
of equinox is 50.32 sec. which remain
unchanged till today.
• This help us chart and navigate skies at
night or day, learn about our horoscope
for years and keep track of our favorite
constellations.
9. Bhaskara ii
Gravity
• He was first to conceive and write on the
notion of gravity and effort of its force
• In his book, Surya Sidhanta, he
mentioned : objects fall on earth due to a
force of attraction by the earth.
Therefore, the earth.
Planets, Constellations, moon and sun are
held in orbit due to this attraction
• This happened 500 years before the
famous apple fell on Sir Isaac Newton’s
head.
10. Bhaskara ii
Gravity
• He was first to conceive and write on the
notion of gravity and effort of its force
• This happened 500 years before the
famous apple fell on Sir Isaac Newton’s
head.
• In his book, Surya Sidhanta, he
mentioned : objects fall on earth due to a
force of attraction by the earth.
Therefore, the earth.
Planets, Constellations, moon and sun are
held in orbit due to this attraction
11. Sushruta
Plastic Surgery
• 2600 years ago, Sushruta along with his
collegues repaired the disfigured nose
with a flap of skin fro forehead, a
practice almost unchanged to this day.
• In his book, Sushruta Samhita, he descibes
over 120 surgical instruments, 300
surgery procedures and classifies human
surgery in eight categories.
• Don’t worry about pain, local anesthesia
was given in form of medicated wine.
