3 Statistics in Criminal Justice Homework 6 Chi Square and Correlation 8. When do we use a correlation? Give an original example that is relevant to criminology or criminal justice. 9. When do we use a chi square? Give an original example that is relevant to criminology or criminal justice. Use Correlation chart to answer question 10-13 Correlations NumDelinquentFriends AgeFirstArrest NumDelinquentFriends Pearson Correlation 1 -.688** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 25 25 AgeFirstArrest Pearson Correlation -.688** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 N 25 25 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). 10. What is the direction of this correlation? 11. Does the direction of the correlation make theoretical sense? Explain your answer. 12. What is the explained variance for the correlation? 13. What is the unexplained variance for the correlation? 14. 8. Read the story below from NPR and then identify the very important concept we learned about this week that is illustrated in the story. How does it relate to correlation and Chi Square Analysis Finds Geographic Overlap In Opioid Use And Trump Support In 2016 June 23, 20188:02 AM ET Paul Chisholm, NPR Enlarge this image In 2016, Donald Trump captured 68 percent of the vote in West Virginia, a state hit hard by opioid overdoses. BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP/Getty Images The fact that rural, economically disadvantaged parts of the country broke heavily for the Republican candidate in the 2016 election is well known. But Medicare data indicate that voters in areas that went for Trump weren't just hurting economically — many of them were receiving prescriptions for opioid painkillers. The findings were published Friday in the medical journal JAMA Network Open. Researchers found a geographic relationship between support for Trump and prescriptions for opioid painkillers. It's easy to see similarities between the places hardest hit by the opioid epidemic and a map of Trump strongholds. "When we look at the two maps, there was a clear overlap between counties that had high opioid use ... and the vote for Donald Trump," says Dr. James S. Goodwin, chair of geriatrics at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston and the study's lead author. "There were blogs from various people saying there was this overlap. But we had national data." Goodwin and his team looked at data from Census Bureau, the 2016 election and Medicare Part D, a prescription drug program that serves the elderly and disabled. To estimate the prevalence of opioid use by county, the researchers used the percentage of enrollees who had received prescriptions for a three-month or longer supply of opioids. Goodwin says that prescription opioid use is strongly correlated with illicit opioid use, which can be hard to quantify. "There are very inexact ways of measuring illegal opioid use," Goodwin says. "All we can really measure with precision is legal opioid use." Goodwin's team examined how a variety of factors .

1. 3
Statistics in Criminal Justice
Homework 6
Chi Square and Correlation
8. When do we use a correlation? Give an original example that
is relevant to criminology or criminal justice.
9. When do we use a chi square? Give an original example that
is relevant to criminology or criminal justice.
Use Correlation chart to answer question 10-13
Correlations
NumDelinquentFriends
AgeFirstArrest
NumDelinquentFriends
Pearson Correlation
1
-.688**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
25
25
AgeFirstArrest

2. Pearson Correlation
-.688**
1
Sig. (2-tailed)
.000
N
25
25
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
10. What is the direction of this correlation?
11. Does the direction of the correlation make theoretical sense?
Explain your answer.
12. What is the explained variance for the correlation?
13. What is the unexplained variance for the correlation?
14. 8. Read the story below from NPR and then identify the very
important concept we learned about this week that is illustrated
in the story. How does it relate to correlation and Chi Square
Analysis Finds Geographic Overlap In Opioid Use And Trump

3. Support In 2016
June 23, 20188:02 AM ET
Paul Chisholm, NPR
Enlarge this image
In 2016, Donald Trump captured 68 percent of the vote in West
Virginia, a state hit hard by opioid overdoses.
BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI/AFP/Getty Images
The fact that rural, economically disadvantaged parts of the
country broke heavily for the Republican candidate in the 2016
election is well known. But Medicare data indicate that voters
in areas that went for Trump weren't just hurting economically
— many of them were receiving prescriptions for opioid
painkillers.
The findings were published Friday in the medical journal
JAMA Network Open. Researchers found a geographic
relationship between support for Trump and prescriptions for
opioid painkillers.
It's easy to see similarities between the places hardest hit by the
opioid epidemic and a map of Trump strongholds. "When we
look at the two maps, there was a clear overlap between
counties that had high opioid use ... and the vote for Donald
Trump," says Dr. James S. Goodwin, chair of geriatrics at the
University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston and the
study's lead author. "There were blogs from various people
saying there was this overlap. But we had national data."
Goodwin and his team looked at data from Census Bureau, the
2016 election and Medicare Part D, a prescription drug program
that serves the elderly and disabled.
To estimate the prevalence of opioid use by county, the
researchers used the percentage of enrollees who had received
prescriptions for a three-month or longer supply of opioids.
Goodwin says that prescription opioid use is strongly correlated
with illicit opioid use, which can be hard to quantify.
"There are very inexact ways of measuring illegal opioid use,"
Goodwin says. "All we can really measure with precision is

4. legal opioid use."
Goodwin's team examined how a variety of factors could have
influenced each county's rate of chronic opioid prescriptions.
After correcting for demographic variables such as age and
race, Goodwin found that support for Trump in the 2016
election closely tracked opioid prescriptions.
In counties with higher-than-average rates of chronic opioid
prescriptions, 60 percent of the voters went for Trump. In the
counties with lower-than-average rates, only 39 percent voted
for Trump.
A lot of this disparity could be chalked up to social factors and
economic woes. Rural, economically-depressed counties went
strongly for Trump in the 2016 election. These are the same
places where opioid use is prevalent. As a result, opioid use and
support for Trump might not be directly related, but rather two
symptoms of the same problem – a lack of economic
opportunity.
To test this theory, Goodwin included other county-level factors
in the analysis. These included factors such as unemployment
rate, median income, how rural they are, education level, and
religious service attendance, among others.
These socioeconomic variables accounted for about two-thirds
of the link between voter support for Trump and opioid rates,
the paper's authors write. However, socioeconomic factors
didn't explain all of the correlation seen in the study.
"It very well may be that if you're in a county that is dissolving
because of opioids, you're looking around and you're seeing
ruin. That can lead to a sense of despair," Goodwin says. "You
want something different. You want radical change."
For voters in communities hit hard by the opioid epidemic, the
unconventional Trump candidacy may have been the change
people were looking for, Goodwin says.
Dr. Nancy E. Morden, associate professor at the Dartmouth
Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, agrees. "People
who reach for an opioid might also reach for ... near-term
fixes," she says. "I think that Donald Trump's campaign was a

5. promise for near-term relief."
Goodwin's study has limitations and can't establish that opioid
use was a definitive factor in how people voted.
"With that kind of study design, you have to be cautious in
terms of drawing any causal conclusions," cautions Elene
Kennedy-Hendricks, an assistant scientist in the Department of
Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg
School of Public Health. "The directionality is complicated."
Goodwin acknowledges that the study has shortcomings.
"We were not implying causality, that the Trump vote caused
opioids or that opioids caused the Trump vote," he cautions.
"We're talking about associations."
Still, the study serves as an interesting example highlighting the
links between economic opportunity, social issues and political
behavior.
"The types of discussions around what drove the '16 election,
and the forces that were behind that, should also be included
when people are talking about the opioid epidemic," Goodwin
says.
MSAccess - Assessment 4 (35 pts)
Contract Signoff Demonstration
(This is a “project based” assessment; it is not a quiz)
Background: You will place all your answers within the
remainder of this document. It is to your advantage to copy your
SQL commands and paste them into this document. Simply
capturing your commands as an image will not allow you to run
them over again if it becomes necessary. SQL Results, however,
should be captured as an image using, for example, the Snipping
Tool. As you prepare to respond to the final questions from the
Amy Miles, the CEO of Regal Theaters, review the MOVIE
ERD (Entity Relationship Diagram) that you generated in

6. fulfillment of Assessment 1. The MOVIE ERD is shown below.
Task 1.(15 pts) Regal Theaters noticed that you listed the
release date of their movies as: Mod1218
Regal Theaters has asked that you display the release date as
displayed in the following format:
To accomplish their request replace the ???? marks in the
following SQL statement:
Put one of your SQL command and Results here:
Task 2. (20 pts) Regal Theaters also noticed that you listed the
length of their movies in minutes as:.
Regal Theaters has asked that you display the length of their
movies in hours and minutes as displayed in the following
format:
To accomplish their request replace the ???? marks in the
following SQL statement:
Put one of your SQL command and Results here:
MSAccess
-
Assessment 4

7. (35 pts)
Contract Signoff
Demonstration
(This is a “project based” assessment
;
it is not a quiz)
Background
: You will place all your answers within the remainder of this
document. It is to your advantage to
copy your SQL commands and paste them into this document.
Simply capturing your commands as an image
will not allow you to run them over again if it becomes
necessary. SQL Results, however, should be captured as
an image using, for example, the Snipping Tool. As you
prepare to respond to
the final
questions from the Amy
Miles, the CEO of Regal Theaters, review the MOVIE ERD
(Entity Relationship Diagram) that
you generated in
fulfillment of Assessment 1. The MOVIE ERD is shown below.
MSAccess - Assessment 4 (35 pts)
Contract Signoff Demonstration
(This is a “project based” assessment; it is not a quiz)

8. Background: You will place all your answers within the
remainder of this document. It is to your advantage to
copy your SQL commands and paste them into this document.
Simply capturing your commands as an image
will not allow you to run them over again if it becomes
necessary. SQL Results, however, should be captured as
an image using, for example, the Snipping Tool. As you
prepare to respond to the final questions from the Amy
Miles, the CEO of Regal Theaters, review the MOVIE ERD
(Entity Relationship Diagram) that you generated in
fulfillment of Assessment 1. The MOVIE ERD is shown below.
Movie Fact Data Sheet
Movie Fact Data Sheet
Movie Fact Data Sheet