2Class Handout for James Hittman” Hitt LectureStaying Safe .docx

2
Class Handout for James “Hittman” Hitt Lecture
Staying Safe in Law Enforcement Encounters
Note from Professor Charli: In light of the many issues covered
by the media surrounding stops by law enforcement, particularly
among minorities, I thought it might be a good idea to have this
discussion in class. James Hitt is a retired law enforcement
officer who spent many years in the field interacting with the
public. His tips and suggestions just might save you time and
trouble when you are stopped in a vehicle or otherwise detained
by law enforcement. Please remember that an officer doesn’t
know who you are and may also be fearful for his or her own
life as well. We are all only human. I am not making excuses or
judgments in either direction, rather I am trying to help keep
you safe.
As we watch the Sandra Bland Documentary observe how
quickly her situation escalated. At one point you can hear her
say “I can’t believe a lane change came to this” or words to that
effect. This is exactly why I want you to hear what James Hitt
has to say. You can be absolutely right (as I believe Sandra
Bland may well have been) but what you say and do is critical if
you find yourself in this situation. Play it safe. Being right is
never worth your safety, although I realize sometimes you just
can’t change the outcome. (Tamir Rice, Phillip Castillo,
Trayvon Martin and others)
First: Get into a good habit of checking over your vehicle
regularly. Check lights, blinkers, tires and windshield wipers
for any deficiencies and keep them in good working order. This
is something you should do at least weekly. Before you go on a
road trip check the oil and make sure you have plenty of gas
too. Plan your trip out and make sure that you have planned for
rest stops. Do not drive when you are fatigued or overtired. This

is a recipe for trouble. Do not engage in road rage interactions.
You have no way of knowing if the other individual is carrying
a firearm, is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, or is just
plain dangerous.
Tip! That little lever on the left side of the column underneath
the steering wheel, you know the one that treats your blinkers
on for right and left turns? How about using it? If you need to
make that lane change be sure to give plenty of notice to the
vehicles around you and allow enough space to change lanes
without endangering yourself or anyone else on the road.
Tip! Unsafe lane changes and following too close are the
leading causes of starting a road rage incident! You cannot
control the people around you, but you can control how you
react and behave on the road.
During a Traffic Stop: During a daytime stop please ensure you
are wearing your seatbelt. Don’t be caught texting or talking on
your cell phone unless it is hands-free. If the officer activates
his/her emergency lights, turn on your right blinker and
carefully pull over to the right at your earliest safe opportunity.
Turn your vehicle off and wait on the right shoulder. Keep your
hands on the steering wheel and do not make any sudden or
furtive movements. Remember, the officer doesn’t know who
you are and has a right to be cautious.
If and when the officer approaches your vehicle he/she will ask
you for your driver’s license, vehicle registration, and proof of
insurance. Whatever you do or say at this point will set the
stage for what comes next. It is important that you do not
challenge the officer by implying he/she is racist and only
stopped you for that reason. Unless you have a history with this
particular officer, I can tell you he/she won’t know what race
you are until he/she approaches the car. The driver seat kind of
blocks the officers view from his/her position and in most cases
h/she will not see you clearly until he/she is at your window.
Interaction and Sobriety: The officer may ask you, “do you
know why I stopped you?” The best course of action is to look
surprised and say no officer I don’t. Now at this point, it is

important to follow the officer’s instructions as he/she may ask
you to step out of the vehicle and submit to a field sobriety test.
If the ground is uneven, it will be to your advantage to decline.
However, you will then be taken into custody and transported to
a safe place to perform the test. If you have been drinking and
you are requested to give blood, breath, or urine, the results will
all come back the same. I would recommend taking the blood
test. The body burns .25% alcohol per hour, and by the time
they get a nurse there to take the blood, you could be under the
legal limit, which is .08% in California.
Citations: now, if the officer is giving you a citation for a
vehicle infraction, don’t get into an argument with him or her.
You will lose. Sign the citation politely and go to court where
you can speak to a judge. If you have a passenger in the car, ask
them to accompany you to court. If the officer speaks to you in
a demeaning way file a complaint with that officers agency.
Law enforcement agencies have Internal Affairs Offices that
will investigate any wrongdoing by the officer. Whatever you
do, don’t try to run or assault the officer as these two actions
are the quickest way to see the inside of an ambulance.
Never try to out run a police car. You cannot, and I repeat
cannot, out run the radio or a helicopter. O.J. Simpson tried it,
Rodney King tried it and a whole slew of Darwinian Award
recipients have tried it. Just don’t be that person.
Nighttime Stops and Interactions: The same rules apply here as
during a day stop except that you should turn on the dome light
in your vehicle and only roll your window down enough to pass
documents through to the officer. Also, keep your doors locked.
If the officer asks you to step out of the vehicle, tell him you
don’t feel safe and request to drive to a well-lighted place like a
gas station, at the next offramp. Ladies, be sure to understand
that if you are stopped the officer may try and have a female
officer present, but if no one is available, he is allowed to do a
cursory search for weapons if he is taking you into custody.
For your own safety, I would recommend that you tell someone
where you were going and what time you will be back each time

you go out. Remember that officers are a microcosm of society,
you have good cops and bad cops. I know of two cases were
CHP officers murdered someone while they were on duty. One
case was out by Barstow and the other in San Diego. Although
the majority of officers do the best possible job, we all know
that there are a few who can cause a lot of trouble and
headaches. You never know which kind of officer you are
encountering, so always err on the side of caution.
Thank you for your time and attention. I wish all of you safe
travels and safe interactions with law enforcement. If you have
any questions I will be happy to answer them for you to the best
of my ability. My advice is the result of decades of work in law
enforcement and my own experiences.
DACA, Dreamers and the future
Iveth Diaz, MA.
EOP Admissions Counselor, CSUSB
1
2

Outline
Terminology Overview
Immigrant Youth Movement
Federal Dream Act
DACA
National Impact
California Policies
Community Resources
Campus Resources
What can you do
3
Terminology
Undocumented: “Entered the United States without inspection
or with fraudulent documents; or entered legally as a non-
immigrant but the violated the terms of his or her status and
remained in the United States without authorization” (Educators
for Fair Consideration, 2012).
DREAM Act (Federal)
(Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors)
Dreamers: Potential beneficiaries of the DREAM Act
DACA (Federal)
(Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals)
California Dream Act (State)
State Financial Aid
4

5
Cinthya Felix
&
Tam Tran
6
Federal Dream Act
Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM
Act)
General Requirements:
Entered the US before the age of 16
Continuously resided in the US for at least 5 years
Graduated from HS or obtained a GED
Good moral character- not committed crimes
https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/DREAM-Act-
WhiteHouse-FactSheet.pdf
7
Federal Dream Act
Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM
Act)
General Requirements:
Entered the US before the age of 16
Continuously resided in the US for at least 5 years

Graduated from HS or obtained a GED
Good moral character- not committed crimes
https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/DREAM-Act-
WhiteHouse-FactSheet.pdf
*Has not passed!
8
Executive Order by President Obama in 2012
9
DACA Application Requirements
https://www.nwirp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/DACA-
Checklist-English-2016-version.pdf
10
11

12
Executive Order by President Obama in 2012
* Was the result of years of community activism, not of sudden
compassion by any politician or political party.
13
USCIS
https://www.uscis.gov/archive/consideration-deferred-action-
childhood-arrivals-daca
14
DACA Update
01/22/19- Supreme Court decided not to take on DACA case
Result: DACA renewals are still active
15
National Statistics and Impact

Source: Define American.com/stories
16
Policies
California Dream Act
Application Deadline: March 2nd, 2019
AB 540/ SB 68/ AB 2000
Provides in-state tuition
DREAM Loan Program
17
Community Resources

18
Campus Resources
CSUSB as “Safe Campus”
Undocumented Student Success Center- SMSU 102
Undocumented Advocates
Next General Meeting/Scholarship Workshop: 02/21/19 from
5pm-7pm
Coyote Dreamers Ally Network (CDAN)
Undocumented Alumni Chapter (Developing Stages)
19
Future…
20
What Can You Do?
Allies
Undocumented Folk

Be informed citizens and vote!
If can’t vote, then help register those that can
Don’t generalize and assume
Contact your representatives
Sign petitions
BE THERE!
Take care of your physical and mental health
Develop a strong support network
Stay informed
Know your rights!
Contact your representatives
Ask and be your own advocate
Share your story
Take one day at a time and remember, you are not alone
21
22
Suggested Documentaries/Short Videos
“Undocumented”
“A Dream Deferred”
“Halmoni”
“Undocumented Americans”
“Undocumented and Unafraid”
“Undocumented Americans: Inside the Immigration Debate”
“We are DREAMers”

“The Legalities of Being”
23
Suggested Readings
My Underground American Dream- Julissa Arce
Dear America: Notes of an Undocumented Citizen- Jose
Antonio Vargas
Lives in Limbo- Roberto G. Gonzales
Undocumented and Unafraid: Tam Tran, Cinthya Felix, and the
Deported Dreams: Immigrant Youth and Families Resist
Deportation
24
25
EUGENICS: The “Science” of Race
James Watson

Won the Nobel Prize for helping discover the structure of
human DNA with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins.
The New York-based Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL)
https://nypost.com/2019/01/14/dna-pioneer-james-watson-
stripped-of-honors-over-reprehensible-racist-views/
Rosalind Franklin
https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/retrieve/Narrative/KR/p-nid/183
EUGENICS = WELL BORN
Term coined in 1883 by Sir Francis Galton (1882-1911) , cousin
of Darwin, Animal Breeder, Tinkerer. Knighted by the Crown in
1909 for his work in developing the Academic discipline of
Eugenics taught in colleges and universities in England and
several professional organization dedicated to the purpose and
work of the Eugenics movement.
Eugenics in Inquiries Into Human Faculty and Its Development
1883
http://galton.org/books/human-faculty/text/galton-1883-human-
faculty-v4.pdf
Who shall inhabit the Earth?FitUnfitFinancially
comfortableMental disordersEpilepsySubstance abusePoverty
(working class)Criminal behaviorFeeblemindness Sexual
promiscuity Illegitimate birth illegitimate by birthNon

White as perceived by appearance
British EugenicsPositiveNegativeEncouragement and financial
support for:Deny financial charity for the poorMarriage between
Fit personsExclude poor children from health care and
educationMultiple births from Fit parents
American Eugenics
Developed in the United States in 1902 by Charles Davenport (
1866- 1944) whose privately funded Eugenic Records Office in
Cold Spring Harbor, New York created hundreds of thousands
of file cards on individuals considered unfit.
Cold Spring Harbor opened in 1910 and has never closed and
today continues to work as a privately funded lab focused on
“biological research and education.”
https://www.cshl.edu/
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/
American EugenicsPositiveNegativeIdentify Fit personsDeny
financial charity for the poor.
Encourage intermarriage between fit personsExclude poor
children from
Health care and educationEncourage multiple births from Fit
parentsIQ TestingInstitutionalizationImmigration lawsEnforced
Sterilization LawsJim Crow Laws
Why the Difference?
RACE

Understanding Race
“A word from the 16th century, from Middle French race,
earlier razza "race, breed, lineage, family" (16c.), possibly from
Italian razza, of unknown origin (cognate with Spanish and
Portuguese raza).
https://www.etymonline.com/word/race#etymonline_v_3255
This use of the word was used in the early days of the slave
trade to distinguish between enslaver and enslaved. One was
civilized and the other was savage.
"Race" thus evolved as a worldview, a body of prejudgments
that distorts our ideas about human differences and group
behavior.
American Anthropological Association, Statement on “Race”
https://www.americananthro.org/ConnectWithAAA/Content.asp
x?ItemNumber=2583
Understanding Race
The Great Chain of Being
Medieval concept of the order of the universe that “ordered” all
plants and animals (humans are animals and we are on the top of
the chain of animals)
Adam and Eve
Most Scientist prior to 1750 believed that all humans were born
of this white couple
Aristotle
“Natural” Inequality
“Just as Some are by nature free, so others by nature are slaves,
and for these latter the condition of slavery is just and
beneficial.” On Politics, Book One
What happened?

Great Britain abolishes Slave Trade 1807, slavery in 1833.
(America abolishes Slave Trade in 1808, slavery in 1865.)
The discussions leading up to the abolition of the slave trade in
Britain hung on the answer to the question: Who should and
should not be enslaved?
Slavery has always existed in all cultures.
Slavery was typically a time sensitive practice.
Slavery was typically a way to leverage power over one’s
enemies.
American Slavery was unique in that by law it was for life and
generational following the mother.
A Word about Slavery
Rethinking the Great Chain of Being
Francis Bacon (1561–1626) was one of the leading figures in
natural philosophy and in the field of scientific methodology in
the period of transition from the Renaissance to the early
modern era.
He defines the scientific method in Novum Organum (1620)
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/francis-bacon/
Gregor Mendel () 1856-1863 Pea experiments not found until
1900
“Invisible Factors” basis for DNA
https://history.nih.gov/exhibits/nirenberg/hs1_mendel.htm
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1798)
Systema naturae: A general system of nature through the three

grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals (1735)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/linnaeus.html
Thomas Malthus ,
Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/malthus.html
13
Johann Blumenbach 1752-1840
Third edition of his MD thesis (1795) On the natural varieties
of mankind. Five generic varieties:
Caucasians
Mongolians
Ethiopians
Americans
Malays
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2151154/
Blumenbach believed
The most beautiful people live in the Southern slope of
Caucasus Mountains
People living further from away from this area degenerate into
darker and darker shade of pigment
White we may fairly assume to have been the primitive colour
of mankind. It is easy to change from white to brown but not

vice versa.”
All humans are one species – 1 Race of Humans
Caucasus Mountains
Home of the Most Beautiful Skulls
Contemporary Problem Solvers
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832) “Father of Paleontology”
Narrowed Blumenbach’s categories down to 3: Caucasian
(white), Mongolian (yellow), and the Ethiopian (black).
Charles Darwin(1809-1882) wrote On the Origin of Species
(1859)
Theory of Evolution
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/charles-darwin-most-famous-
biologist.html
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) coined the infamous expression
“survival of the fittest” a phrase that described social
Darwinism.
C. 1850
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spencer/

Which Brings us Back to
Charles Davenport
In 1902, Charles B. Davenport, then a Professor of Zoology at
the University of Chicago, approached the Carnegie Institution
with a request for $45,000 to create a “Biological Experiment
Station for the study of evolution” on the Cold Spring Harbor
Campus. This funding was provided by Mrs. Harriman, wealthy
widow and the Kellogg family (the cereal company).
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/eugenics/
A Word about the suffix “Oid”
The Suffix OID renders a noun into an adjective that describes a
“resemblance” or “likeness” to a group of some kind. It was
used predominantly by early scientists like the ones we just
discussed. These terms were formed following this practice but
it is difficult to locate a first usage for them
Caucasoid
Negroid
Mongloid
EXCEPT, MAYBE
Benjamin Rush, Physician, signer of the Declaration of
Independence, founder of Dickinson College in Pennsylvania.
Possibly coined the term “Negroid” to describe a Leprosy-like

disease that afflicted those who Blumenbach described as
Ethiopian – Negroidism - black people(Ethiopians) were
actually white (Caucasian) people afflicted with a skin disease.
https://www.dickinson.edu/info/20043/about/3480/benjamin_rus
h
Back To American Eugenics
“Protecting the "American" germ plasm”
Davenport published The Trait Book (1912) It was a systematic
compilation of both genetic disorders and supposedly inherited
characteristics that were to be recorded by field workers sent
out by the ERO.
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/essay4text.html
Supporters of American Eugenics
Stanford University President David Starr Jordan
Alexander Graham Bell
Winston Churchill
John Maynard Keynes
Woodrow Wilson
The Rockefellers
The Carnegie Foundation

Harry Laughlin
Davenport hired H.H. Laughlin as the superintendent of the
Eugenics Records Office. His specialization was Sterilization
Programs.
Positive Eugenics
Encourage those deemed “Fit” to marry and have many children.
Negative Eugenics
Immigration laws
Sterilization laws
Institutionalization
IQ Testing
Jim Crow Laws
FitUnfitFinancially comfortableMental
disordersEpilepsySubstance abusePoverty (working
class)Criminal behaviorFeeblemindness Sexual promiscuity
Illegitimate birth illegitimate by birth Excessive
MasturbationSouthern Italian or Eastern EuropeanNon White as
perceived by appearance
Immigration Laws
By linking undesirable traits with specific racial and ethnic

groups, eugenicists scored a significant impact on social policy
with the passage of restrictive immigration laws in the 1920s.
http://www.eugenicsarchive.org/html/eugenics/essay4text.html
The 1924 National Origins Act, which restricted immigration to
quotas that were based on the 1890 census—a census taken
before the 20th century wave of eastern and southern European
immigration.
Sterilization laws
The American Eugenics Society had hoped, in time, to sterilize
one-tenth of the U.S. population, or millions of Americans.
In the 1910s and 1920s, men were as likely to be sterilized as
women were, but by the 1940s restrictions on reproductive
choice were aimed at women.
http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/SJEdits/Platt_Eugenics.html
“From 1907 to 1937, 32 US states passed eugenic sterilization
laws as part of a larger public health effort to combat
degeneracy. Sterilization rates, which remained fairly steady in
the 1910s and early 1920s as eugenics gained currency,
increased markedly after the 1927 Buck v. Bell US Supreme
Court decision (274 US 200), which upheld the constitutionality
of Virginia’s sterilization law.The last sterilization law was
only removed in 1981.

30
Buck v. Bell
We have seen more than once that the public welfare may call
upon the best citizens for their lives. It would be strange if it
could not call upon those who already sap the strength of the
State for these lesser sacrifices, often not felt to be such by
those concerned, in order to prevent our being swamped with
incompetence. It is better for all the world if, instead of waiting
to execute degenerate offspring for crime or to let them starve
for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are
manifestly unfit from continuing their kind. The principle that
sustains compulsory vaccination is broad enough to cover
cutting the Fallopian tubes. Jacobson v. Massachusetts, 197
U.S. 11. Three generations of imbeciles are enough.
https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/274/200
California Sterilization law 1909
California passed the third law in the nation in 1909 and
performed one third of all officially reported operations
nationwide from the 1910s to the 1960s.”
The Nazis, when proposing their own sterilization program,
specifically noted the “success of sterilization laws in
California.”
A 2013 Center for Investigative Reporting article revealed that,
between 2006 and 2010, close to 150 unauthorized sterilizations
were performed in California prisons.

In March 2003, The California Senate considered a resolution,
authored by Senator Dede Alpert (D-San Diego), that "expresses
profound regret over the state's past role in the eugenics
movement" and "urges every citizen of the state to become
familiar with the history of the eugenics movement, in the hope
that a more educated and tolerant populace will reject any
similar abhorrent pseudoscientific movement should it arise in
the future.”
http://www.socialjusticejournal.org/SJEdits/Platt_Eugenics.html
IQ testing
Clearly linked to the passage of compulsory sterilization laws –
beginning in 1907
Robert M. Yerkes, 1914 Alpha and Beta Army Tests
8,000 men were recommended for immediate discharge on
grounds of mental incompetence another 19,000 were assigned
to labor and noncombat battalions.
Lewis Terman 1916 Stanford Binet Intelligence Test
Carl Brigham 1925 Scholastic Achievement Test
Life segregation or Euthanasia

This remedy must, in the opinion of the committee, be the
principal agent used by society in cutting off its supply of
defectives. Defectives must be, and with continually finer
discrimination are being, segregated from the general mass of
society; and it will require but little modification from the
present custodial systems in effecting the eugenical end as well
as protecting the immediate present-day society
from the socially inadequate individual, and administering to
the latter’s most pressing needs.
BULLETIN No. 10A: Report of the Committee to Study and to
Report on the Best Practical Means of Cutting Off the Defective
Germ-Plasm in the American
Population. by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary of the
Committee, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York,
February, 1914
https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=htt
ps://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1009&context=bu
ckvbell
A little more science
“Neither for IQ nor for any other trait can genes be said to
determine the organism…It is the genotype, not the phenotype,
that is inherited. The genotype is fixed; the phenotype develops
and changes constantly. The organism itself is at every stage the
consquence of a develpmental process that occurs in some
historical sequence of environments.”
Lewontin, R.C., Steven Rose, and Leon J. Kamin “IQ: The Rank
Ordering of the World.” Found in The Racial Economuy of
Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Edited by Sandra
Harding.

Final Thoughts
The fairly obvious lesson to be learned is that where science
appears to validate folk beliefs, it needs to be subjected to
considerably higher standards of scrutiny than ordinary science.
Marks J. Racism, Eugenics, and the Burdens of History. IX
International Congress of Human Genetics. 20 August 1996, Rio
de Janeiro, 1996.
Why does any of this matter?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWyI77Yh1Gg

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