Domain-Specific Program Checking

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Lint-like program checkers are popular tools that ensure code quality by verifying compliance with best practices for a particular programming language. The proliferation of internal domain-specific languages and models, however, poses new challenges for such tools. Traditional program checkers produce many false positives and fail to accurately check constraints, best practices, common errors, possible optimizations and portability issues particular to domain-specific languages. We advocate the use of dedicated rules to check domain-specific practices. We demonstrate the implementation of domain-specific rules, the automatic repair of violations, and their application to two case-studies: (1) Seaside defines several internal DSLs through a creative use of the syntax of the host language; and (2) Magritte adds meta-descriptions to existing code by means of special methods. Our empirical validation demonstrates that domain-specific program checking significantly improves code quality when compared with general purpose program checking.

Technology

Domain-Speciﬁc
Program Checking
Lukas Renggli, Stéphane Ducasse,
Tudor Gîrba, Oscar Nierstrasz

14000
16000
18000
Seaside 2.6

Seaside 2.7

Seaside 2.8

Seaside 2.8.1

Seaside 2.8.2

Seaside 2.8.3

Seaside 2.9a1

Seaside 2.9a2

Seaside 2.9a3
LOC

14000
16000
18000
1
2
3
4

Seaside 2.6

Seaside 2.7

Seaside 2.8

Seaside 2.8.1

Seaside 2.8.2

Seaside 2.8.3

Seaside 2.9a1

Seaside 2.9a2

Seaside 2.9a3
Lint

LOC

<a href="...">Remove Task 1</a> <br />
<a href="...">Remove Task 2</a> <br />
<a href="...">Remove Task 3</a> <br />

renderTasksOn: html
tasks do: [ :task |
html anchor
with: 'Remove Task ' , task number;
callback: [ tasks remove: task ].
html break ]

renderTasksOn: html
tasks do: [ :task |
html anchor
with: 'Remove Task ' , task number;
callback: [ tasks remove: task ].
html break ]

Modiﬁes collection while iterating over it

Internal Domain-
Speciﬁc Languages

‣ HTML generation
‣ Javascript generation
‣ Composition deﬁnition
‣ Control ﬂow
‣ Application conﬁguration

Architecture
Checker

Generic (Lint)
Program Checker

Architecture
Checker

Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc
Program Checker Program Checker

30 Domain-Speciﬁc Rules

‣ Possible Bugs
‣ Bad Style
‣ Suboptimal Code
‣ Non-Portable Code

renderTasksOn: html
tasks do: [ :task |
html anchor
with: 'Remove Task ' , task number;
callback: [ tasks remove: task ].
html break ]

#with: has to be last message in cascade

renderTasksOn: html
tasks do: [ :task |
html anchor
callback: [ tasks remove: task ];
with: 'Remove Task ' , task number.
html break ]

14000
16000
18000
1
2
3
4

Seaside 2.6

Seaside 2.7

Seaside 2.8

Seaside 2.8.1

Seaside 2.8.2

Seaside 2.8.3

Seaside 2.9a1

Seaside 2.9a2

Seaside 2.9a3
Lint

LOC
Slime

69% developers state

“Slime produces more
relevant results than Lint”

81% developers state

“Slime helped me to
detect critical bugs”

* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

model
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

model
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

metamodel

model
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

<<described by>>

metamodel

meta-metamodel

model
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

<<described by>>

metamodel

meta-metamodel
<<described by>>

model
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

<<described by>>

metamodel

Person class>>descriptionUsername

^ StringDescription new

accessor: #username;
beRequired;
default: nil;
yourself
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

Description class>>descriptionLabel

^ StringDescription new

accessor: #label;

label: ‘Label’;
beRequired;
yourself
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

Architecture Domain-Speciﬁc
Checker Model Checker

Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc
Program Checker Program Checker

Person class>>descriptionUsername

^ StringDescription new

accessor: #username;

label: ‘Username’;
beRequired;
default: nil;
yourself
* description
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

Person class>>descriptionUsername

^ StringDescription new

accessor: #username;

label: ‘Username’;
beRequired;
default: nil;
yourself
* description

#label is a required value
Description
Person accessor
username * label
birthday description required
priority

70000 Lines of Code

12000 Methods

1100 Classes

300 Described Classes

70000 Lines of Code

12000 Methods

1100 Classes

300 Described Classes

500 Magritte Issues

Domain-Speciﬁc
Program Checking

Architecture Domain-Speciﬁc
Checker Model Checker

Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc
Program Checker Program Checker

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Domain-Specific Program Checking

1. Domain-Speciﬁc Program Checking Lukas Renggli, Stéphane Ducasse, Tudor Gîrba, Oscar Nierstrasz

2. Web Application Framework

3. 14000 16000 18000 Seaside 2.6 Seaside 2.7 Seaside 2.8 Seaside 2.8.1 Seaside 2.8.2 Seaside 2.8.3 Seaside 2.9a1 Seaside 2.9a2 Seaside 2.9a3 LOC

4. 14000 16000 18000 1 2 3 4 Seaside 2.6 Seaside 2.7 Seaside 2.8 Seaside 2.8.1 Seaside 2.8.2 Seaside 2.8.3 Seaside 2.9a1 Seaside 2.9a2 Seaside 2.9a3 Lint LOC

5. 14000 16000 18000 1 2 3 4 Seaside 2.6 Seaside 2.7 Seaside 2.8 Seaside 2.8.1 Seaside 2.8.2 Seaside 2.8.3 Seaside 2.9a1 Seaside 2.9a2 Seaside 2.9a3 ??? Lint LOC

6. <a href="...">Remove Task 1</a> <br /> <a href="...">Remove Task 2</a> <br /> <a href="...">Remove Task 3</a> <br />

7. renderTasksOn: html tasks do: [ :task | html anchor with: 'Remove Task ' , task number; callback: [ tasks remove: task ]. html break ]

8. renderTasksOn: html tasks do: [ :task | html anchor with: 'Remove Task ' , task number; callback: [ tasks remove: task ]. html break ] Modiﬁes collection while iterating over it

9. Internal Domain- Specific Languages ‣ HTML generation ‣ Javascript generation ‣ Composition definition ‣ Control flow ‣ Application configuration

10. 14000 16000 18000 1 2 3 4 Seaside 2.6 Seaside 2.7 Seaside 2.8 Seaside 2.8.1 Seaside 2.8.2 Seaside 2.8.3 Seaside 2.9a1 Seaside 2.9a2 Seaside 2.9a3 ??? Lint LOC

11. Generic (Lint) Program Checker

12. Architecture Checker Generic (Lint) Program Checker

13. Architecture Checker Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc Program Checker Program Checker

14. 30 Domain-Speciﬁc Rules ‣ Possible Bugs ‣ Bad Style ‣ Suboptimal Code ‣ Non-Portable Code

15. renderTasksOn: html tasks do: [ :task | html anchor with: 'Remove Task ' , task number; callback: [ tasks remove: task ]. html break ] #with: has to be last message in cascade

16. renderTasksOn: html tasks do: [ :task | html anchor callback: [ tasks remove: task ]; with: 'Remove Task ' , task number. html break ]

17. 14000 16000 18000 1 2 3 4 Seaside 2.6 Seaside 2.7 Seaside 2.8 Seaside 2.8.1 Seaside 2.8.2 Seaside 2.8.3 Seaside 2.9a1 Seaside 2.9a2 Seaside 2.9a3 Lint LOC

18. 14000 16000 18000 1 2 3 4 Seaside 2.6 Seaside 2.7 Seaside 2.8 Seaside 2.8.1 Seaside 2.8.2 Seaside 2.8.3 Seaside 2.9a1 Seaside 2.9a2 Seaside 2.9a3 Lint LOC Slime

19. Designed for Framework Development

20. Now used for Application Development

21. 69% developers state “Slime produces more relevant results than Lint”

22. 81% developers state “Slime helped me to detect critical bugs”

23.

24. Architecture Checker Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc Program Checker Program Checker

25. Magritte Metamodel

26. * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

27. model * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

28. model * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority metamodel

29. model * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority <<described by>> metamodel

30. meta-metamodel model * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority <<described by>> metamodel

31. meta-metamodel <<described by>> model * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority <<described by>> metamodel

32. Person class>>descriptionUsername ^ StringDescription new accessor: #username; beRequired; default: nil; yourself * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

33. Description class>>descriptionLabel ^ StringDescription new accessor: #label; label: ‘Label’; beRequired; yourself * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

34. Architecture Checker Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc Program Checker Program Checker

35. Architecture Domain-Speciﬁc Checker Model Checker Generic (Lint) Domain-Speciﬁc Program Checker Program Checker

36. Person class>>descriptionUsername ^ StringDescription new accessor: #username; beRequired; default: nil; yourself * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

37. Person class>>descriptionUsername ^ StringDescription new accessor: #username; label: ‘Username’; beRequired; default: nil; yourself * description Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

38. Person class>>descriptionUsername ^ StringDescription new accessor: #username; label: ‘Username’; beRequired; default: nil; yourself * description #label is a required value Description Person accessor username * label birthday description required priority

39. Person class>>descriptionUsername ^ StringDescription new accessor: #username; label: ‘Username’; beRequired; default: nil; yourself * description Description Person Invalid default value accessor username * label birthday description required priority

40. 70000 Lines of Code 12000 Methods 1100 Classes 300 Described Classes

41. 70000 Lines of Code 12000 Methods 1100 Classes 300 Described Classes 500 Magritte Issues

42.

43. Implementation

44. Extends existing Program-Checker

45. Parse Tree Matching

46. scg.unibe.ch/research/helvetia

47. Declarative Rule System

48. Domain-Specific Program Checking Architecture Domain-Specific Checker Model Checker Generic (Lint) Domain-Specific Program Checker Program Checker