12. å ì
æ è ä è åä
• An adjective (O¨Ä»A), as in: ½ÍÌ
ê ½Ui A tall man;
ì è æ äå
• A Diminutive (å ê æ ), as in: ½ÎUi A little man;
jάvN»A
å
• The Vocative (å ð ), as in: ¾BUi BÍ O men!
ÕEfÄ»A ê
Each of these are among the peculiarities of the noun.
æ æ
The meaning of (å ä iBJaâA) is that (information is attributed to) a noun governed as a
Éħ å ê
æ
ÉI å ê
subject, object or Mubtada. The meaning of (ê ê iBJaâA) is that attribution (to another word) is
made by means of a noun, like the Khabar.
æê å æ
½¨°»A ±Íj¨Mä
The Definition Of The Verb ê ê
å ä ä ç æ ä íå è äêä å æ ê
Ëä .(jvÃC ,jvÄÍä ,jvÃ) :ÌZÃä ,ÒQÝR»A êÒÄ¿kÞA fYDIê ÆjN´¿ BÈn°Ãä ϯê ÓĨ¿ä ÐÓ¼§ä ¾fMä ÒÀ¼· :½¨°»A
æ å æ å å æ ä ä ä å æ ê ä ì ä ê æ ê ä ëê ä æ å ê æ
ä ä æ ä å æ ê æä ê äæ ð æ ä å åå å æ å æê vÍ æ ä ÉN¿Ý§
Ëä ,jvÃä f³) :ÌZÃä ,Éμ§ä (ÂkBV»A Ëä ²Ìmä Ëä êÅÎn»A Ëä f³) ¾Ìae Ëä ,Éħä Ü êÉIê iBJaâA ì ê ä ÆC å å ä ä
ê
Ëä ,BÎÈÃä Ëä Aj¿Cä ååæ ä Ëä ªiBzÀ»A Ëä ÏyBÀ»A ÐÓ»G å ê æ ì ËäF .(jvÄÍä æÁ»ä Ëä ,jvÄÍä ²Ìmä Ëä ,jvÄÎmä
çæ ç æ
ÉÃÌ· ê ê å ê
ä
±ÍjvN»A æåæ åå æ ä æ å å æä
ê
å æ ää ä å æ ê ä ê é æ å æ ä ä å æ ê ä åæ ä ê ä ì å ð
ÆÌà Ëä ;(OJN·) :ÌZÃä ,ÒÄ·Bn»A êSÎÃDN»A ÕFM Ëä ;(OJN·) :ÌZÃä ,ҧ̯jÀ»A ÑkiBJ»A jÖBÀz»A E¾BvMA
ê êì ê ê åê ê
æ ê xAÌaä æÅ¿ ÊhÇÐ ì ä ÆH¯ä .(ÅJN·C) :ÌZÃä ,fηDN»A
.½¨°»A ð
æ
ê ê ê ½· ì ê æ ä å å æ ê ê ì
æ
ê
The verb is a word signifying a meaning in itself while being associated with one of the
å
ä ää æ æ åæ
three tenses, as in: jvà He helped (Past Tense); å å ä He is helping (Imperfect Tense); jvÃC
jvÄÍ
(You) Help! (Future).
The signs of a verb are:
1. It is proper to attribute information by means of the verb but attribution is not
ï ê êää ä
made to the verb (itself), as in: ϼ§ä ÏÄIjy Ali hit me.
æä ä
2. It is proper to enter (f³), (²Ìmä), (ÅÎn»A) and the state of (ÂkBV»A) upon the verb, as in:
æ ð ê
ä ä æä ä ä
jvÃä f³ He already helped; å å æ ä mä Soon he will help; å å æ ä ²Ìmä Later he will help; æÁ»
jvÄÎ jvÄÍ æ
æåæ
jvÄÍä He did not help.
3. It is proper for the verb to change into the Past Tense, Imperfect Tense, and
ä ää æ
Imperative, as in: jvà He helped (Past Tense); å å ä He is helping/will help
jvÄÍ
å
æ åæ
(Imperfect Tense); and jvÃC (You) help! (Imperative).
The Guidance In Grammar 12 ÌZÄ»A ϯ ÒÍAfÈ»A
14. å ê ì å æì
S»BR»A pif»A
THE THIRD LESSON
å æä
êæä
Definition Of The Particle ²jZ»A ±Íj¨M
ê
å æä ìä Ð ä æä æ ç æ ä íå è äêä å æ ä
BÀÇBĨ¿ ÆH¯ ,(Ó»G) Ëä (Å¿) :ÌZÃä ,BÇjΫ Ï¯ê ½Iä ,BÈn°Ãä ϯê ÓĨ¿ä ÐÓ¼§ä ¾fMä Ü ÒÀ¼· :²jZ»A
æ ê åæ ê
æ
ê ê ê
æ äæ ì å æ ä ä é å
æ Ëä å ê æ å æ ê å ä æ å B¿ j·gê f¨Iä ÜG BÀÇBĨ¿ ÐÓ¼§ä ÆÜfMä Ü æŸ_» Ëä ,ÕBÈNÃâA Ëä å ê æ
å êê
,ÕBÈNÃâA ÕAfNIâA ÉÄ¿ ÁÈ°Í ê
ê ê ê ê Ð å ê æê ÕAfNIâA ê
ä å Ð ä ä æ ä ä åæ ä æä ä å ä äæä ä
.(ү̸»A Ó»Gê ÑjvJ»A Å¿ê Pjm) :¹»Ì³ ϯê (ү̸»A) Ë (ÑjvJ»A)_·
ê ê ê ê ê ê
ä ä äæ æä æ ä å
PB¿Ý§ä Ü Ëä ÕFÀmÞA PB¿Ý§ä ½J´Íä Ü ÆC Ëä ,ÉIê Ü Ëä å æ ä iBJaâA ì ê ä Ü ÆC ²jZ»A ҿݧä Ëä
ê ê æ ê ä ê Éħ å ê vÍ æ ê æ ä ä
æÔ êä ê ì è æ ä å æ æ ä æÔ æ æì ä è ä ê ä è ê ä ä ä ä æ
Ëä ÁmA ËC ,(iAf»A ϯê fÍk) :ÌZÃä ,ÅÎÀmA äÅÎIä ê¡Ij»B· ,ÑjÎR· fÖA̯ Lj¨»A êÂÝ· Ï¯ê ²jZ¼»ê Ëä .¾B¨¯ÞA
ê ê êæä ê
æä
ë
ä ä ä Ð æ ä ä å æ æ ä ä è ä ä æ å æ ä æ ä ä æ å æä ä ä å æ ä ä å æ ä æ
fÖAÌ°»A Å¿ ¹»g jΫ Ë ,(É¿j·D¯ fΨm ÏÃÕFU ÆG) :ÌZà ,ÅÎN¼ÀU ËC ,(Á¼´»BIê OJN·) :ÌZà ,½¨¯ê
êê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ë
ä ì ä æ æä ä ì
Ð ê é æê
å æ
.Ó»B¨Mä å ÕFq ÆGê êS»BR»A êÁn´»A ϯê BÈ°Íj¨Mä ÏMDÎm ÏN»A
ɼ»A ê ê ê
æä å
The Particle (²jZ»A) is a word not signifying a meaning in itself, rather it signifies (a
ä
Ð
meaning in) other than itself, like (æÅ¿) and (Ó»Gê). Their meaning is the beginning point and
ê
end point. However, they do not signify their meaning except after mentioning that which
−
is understood of a beginning point and end point, like Basrah and Kufah, as you would
±
ä å Ð ä ä æ ä ä åæ
say: ê −
ү̸»A Ó»Gê ÑjvJ»A Å¿ê Pjmê I traveled from Basrah to Kufah.
ê ±
The signs of Particle are:
• It is not proper to make attribution with the particle nor have attribution made to the
particle (itself).
• The Particle does not accept the signs of the verb or the noun.
In the Arabic language, there are many benefits of the Particle, like the connection
ì è æä
between two nouns. as in: iAf»A ϯê fÍk Zaid is in the house; or connection between a noun
ê
ää å ä ä
Á¼´»BI æ
and a verb, as in: ê ê OJN· I wrote with the pen; or connection between two sentences, as
æä ä
É¿j·D è ê êä æ
in: å æ ê ¯ fΨmä ÏÃÕFU ÆGê If Sa'eed comes to me, I will honor him. (And there are benefits)
other than that whose introduction will come in the third-section, if Allah, the Exalted,
wills.
The Guidance In Grammar 14 ÌZÄ»A ϯ ÒÍAfÈ»A
15. ä å æ å é å ä
Âݸ»A ±Íj¨Mä :S»BR»A ½v°»A
ê ê ê æ
ä å æ
THE THIRD SECTION: The Definition Of Speech (êÂݸ»A ±Íj¨Mä)
ê
fΰMä SÎZIê ÔjaÞA Ó»Gê êÅÎNÀ¼¸»A ÐÔfYGê ÒJnÃê eBÄmâA Ëä ,eBÄmâBIê ÅÎNÀ¼¸»A ÅÀzMä ¥°» :Âݸ»A
å ê å æ ä Ð ä æå Ð ä æ ä ä ê ä ä æ å ä æ å æ ä è æä å
ê ê æê ê æ ä ä ê ä ì ä
.(fÍk å æ æä å å í ê ç äê
è æ ä äÂB³) :ÌZÃä ,BÈμ§ä P̸n»A vÍä ÑfÖB¯ äK äBbÀ»A
å
í
æÔ ë æ æä ç ì ê æÔ ç ä æ å Ð ì ä å è ê è æ ä å æ ê æ ä æÔ ì å å æ ä ìä åä
,ÁmA Ëä ½¨¯ê ËC .ÒÎÀmA Ò¼ÀU ÓÀnÍ Ëä ,(±³AË fÍk) :ÌZÃä ,ÅÎÀmA äÅ¿ê ÜGê ½vZÍä Ü äÂݸ»A ÆC äÁ¼¨¯ ê
ë
ìå ä ê æ ä ç ä æ ä å ä æ å å ä æ å å ä æ å æ ç ìê æ ç ä æ å ì ä å è ê ä ä å æ
fI ݯ ,BÀÇjΫ ϯê B¨¿ êÉλGê fÄnÀ»A Ëä fÄnÀ»A fUÌÍ Ü gGê .Òμ¨¯ê Ò¼ÀU ÐÓÀnÍ Ëä ,(fΨmä äo¼U) :ÌZÃä
ä äê ä è
Ëä ,̧eC) ÂB´¿ ÁÖB³ ÕEfÄ»A ²jYä :Bļ³ (f»Ba BÍ) :ÌZÃä ,ÕEfÄ»BIê |´NÄÍä AhÇÐ :½Î³ê ÆH¯ .BÀÈÄ¿ê êÂݸ¼»ê
åæ å æå å å æ ê ð å êäæ ä æ ä åæ äæ
ê ê ð æ ê ê
å ä æ ä ä å æ ä å ä å å æä
ê ð ê ê
.ÕEfÄ»BIê |´NÄÍ Ý¯ ,½¨°»A ÌÇ Ë (K¼ C
ä å æ
Speech (å
Âݸ»A) is an expression comprised of (at least) two words with ascription (eBÄmâA)
ê
between one another. Ascription is defined as the connection of one word with the
another, wherein the listener benefits (from the ascription making it) proper for him to
è æä
remain silent, as in: fÍk äÂB³ Zaid stood.
It is known that speech is only achieved with either two nouns, referred to as a nominal
åì æ åä æ å
sentence (ÒÎÀmâA Ò¼ÀV»A). Or (achieved) with a verb and a noun, referred to as a verbal
ê ê
å åä
ìê æ ê æ å è ä ä
sentence (Òμ¨°»A Ò¼ÀV»A), as in: fΨmä äo¼U Sa'eed sat. Then, the ascribed word and that word
ê
which is ascribed to it are not found together in other than the noun and verb. It is
required, therefore, that speech (is comprised) of the two.
−½ åê −
If it is said that (the rule) is broken by the Nida, as in: f»Ba BÍ O Khalid! We say: the
åæ ä å æä
Vocative Particle stands in the place of (̧eC) and (å C) and they are verbs. Therefore, the
K¼
rule is not broken by the Vocative.
The Guidance In Grammar 15 ÌZÄ»A ϯ ÒÍAfÈ»A