Immune system

1. Rawaz Abdullah
Immune system

2. Pathogen
 Rober Koch first person determine pathogen.
 Anthrax: disease of cattle
That can spread to people.
 Kpch’s posetaluts : which are
rules for determining cause of
disease .

3. Nonspecific defense
 Skin
Sweat: contains lysozyme
Oil
Waxes
 Mucous membrane
Mucus : sticky fluid that traps
Pathogen , mucous line the
respiratory , digestive system ,
urethra .

4. Inflammatory response
Histamine Phagocytes
Neutrophils Natural killer cells

5. Inflammatory response
 Histamine is a substance that increase blood flow to
injured area and increase the permeability of
surrounding capillaries , if blood vessels have been
damaged platelets begin the blood clotting .
 Phagocytes ingest and destroy pathogens and foreign
matter .
 Neutrophil most abundant type of phagocyte in the
body , they can squeeze through capillary walls to reach
the infection site .
 Natural killer cells are largeWBC that attack pathogen
infected cells , it is pierces the cell membrane of it
target cell allowing water to rush in and causing the cell
to burst .

6. Specific defense
Immune system contain bone marrow , thymus ,
lymph node , spleen , tonsils , adenoids .
bone marrow
lymph node
tonsils
thymus
spleen
lymph node
lymph node

7. Function immune
Bone marrow make the billions of new lymphocyte
needed by body every day .
Thymus help produce a special kind of lymphocyte .
Lymph nodes collect pathogen from the lymph and
expose them to lymphocytes .
Spleen largest lymphatic , break down aging RBC , collect
pathogen from the blood .
Two type of lymphocytes :
B Cell made in bone marrow and complete develop there .
T Cell made in bon marrow and complete thymus .

8. Recognizing pathogens
 Antigens are found on pathogen’s surface .
 Receptor protein(antibody) are found on lymphocyte surface .
 Immune response the reaction of the body against an antigen .

9. Immune response
1-macrophage engulf the
Virus and display the viral
antigen
Virus
HelperT cel
2- antibody on helper
T cell bind to the viral antigen
, cause the macrophage releas
Interleukin 1
IL 2
3- IL 1 active helper
T cell , then release
IL 2
4- IL 2 stimulates division
helperT cell and made
cytotoxicT cell
5- destroy infected body cell

10. B cell
Virus
6- B cell, active by release
(IL 2) from helperT cell
7- some cell become
Memory cell
Memory cell
8- most B cell from plasma cell
9- plasma cell make and secrete
antibodies ,bind to the antigen and
mark them for destruction

11. Immunity and vaccination
Immunity is the ability to resist an infection disease .
Vaccination the introduction of antigen into the
body cause immunity .
Vaccine is a solution that contain a dead or
weakend pathogen or matrial from a pathogen .