Intelligence and autonomy are driving new developments in technology that require new policy approaches. As technologies like intelligent robots, drones, and autonomous systems emerge, policymakers will need to address how to ensure safety and manage their responsible use. New technologies often start with specific applications but their capabilities can expand in unexpected ways over time, similarly requiring policies to evolve. Looking to the future, as systems gain more advanced intelligence and autonomy, policy will play an important role in developing frameworks to maximize the benefits of new technologies while minimizing risks.

1. Intelligence and Autonomy: A new realm of public policy Gary L. Randolph

5. Intelligence as intel

8. Policy Policy is enacted to achieve a goal. Policy is the manner in which governmental, corporate, and public entities have decided to address – or not address – issues. Strictly speaking, policy is created by the executive and legislative bodies in the U.S.

9. Intelligence Intel The ability to reason, plan, create, and solve problems.

10. I’m sorry Dave,

11. Railway traffic control, TokyoS/W must meet FRA level 4 specifications Traffic light control, San Francisco Airbus 350 cockpitS/W must meet DO-178B level A specifications

12. Things Change(Retronyms) Phone Touch-tone Phone Cell Phone Landline Phone Rotary Phone

15. Talon

16. Da Vinci

17. New Technology  New Policy Raven surgical robot

21. References Beiser, V. (2010). Remote-Controlled Robot Surgery. Wired Science Retrieved March 18, 2010, from http://www.pbs.org/kcet/wiredscience/story/20-remote_controlled_robot_surgery.html Charette, R. (2009). The Rise of Robot Warriors. IEEE Spectrum(June). Computing Community Consortium. (2009). A Roadmap for US Robotics: From Internet to Robotics. Davies, S. (2009). it's war - but not as we know it. Engineering & Technology, 4(9), 3. The Economist. (2010). Droning On. The Economist, April 3, 82-83. Federal Communications Commission. (2010). National Broadband Plan: Connecting America. Retrieved from http://www.broadband.gov/download-plan/

22. Gizbert, R. (2010). The China Google Debate. Listening Post Retrieved April 4, 2010, from http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/listeningpost/2010/04/201042222018514982.html Keller, J. C. (2007). Looking at the Big Picture. IEEE Women in Engineering Magazine, 1, 3. http://www.ieee.org/documents/IEEE_WIE_Magazine_Winter_07-08.pdf Kim, M. H., SAuk, L., & Lee, K. C. (2010). Kalman Predictive Redundancy System for Fault Tolerance of Safety-Critical Systems. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Informatics, 6(1), 8. McCullagh, D. (2006). Drone aircraft may prowl U.S. skies. Retrieved March 24, 2010, from cnet http://news.cnet.com/Drone-aircraft-may-prowl-U.S.-skies/2100-11746_3-6055658.html Pielke, R. A. (2007). The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics (1 ed.): Cambridge University Press.

23. Plait, P. (2009). Science IS imagination Retrieved March 21, 2010, from http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/badastronomy/2009/04/06/science-is-imagination/ Rosen, J., & Hannaford, B. (2006). Doc at a Distance. IEEE Spectrum, October 2006. Stine, D. (2009). Science and Technology Policymaking: A Primer. Wogan, T. (2010). Internet Pioneer to Chart Web's Next Leap. ScienceInsider Retrieved March 15, 2010, from http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2010/03/internet-pioneer-to-chart-webs-n.html

24. Some interesting links There goes a spleen (Raven surgical robot):http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPk90YCpqFg Flying without a tail (at about 4:30 into the video): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aObBHXsc_iw&feature=related A TED talk by David Hansen (amazingly real-looking robot faces): http://www.ted.com/talks/david_hanson_robots_that_relate_to_you.html