The fallopian tubes and ovaries are paired reproductive organs in females. The fallopian tubes are hollow muscular tubes located on each side of the uterus that transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. Each tube has an opening into the uterus and another opening near the ovary. The ovaries are oval shaped organs located laterally in the pelvis that contain eggs at different stages of development and produce hormones. The ovaries and fallopian tubes work together to allow for fertilization and early embryo development.

1. Tubes & Ovary
THE FALLOPIAN TUBES AND OVARY
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DR. RAMVEER SHARMA
M.D. Ayu. (Gynae)
I.P.G.T.&R. Jamnagar
MMM Govt. Ayu. College UDAIPUR
Mob. 9414757932
Email. ramveersharma1960@gmail.com

2. Fallopian Tubes
Definition:- The fallopian tubes are -
Tubes & Ovary
Definition:- The fallopian tubes are -
 One on each side,
 Are hollow and muscular tube like structure.
• Meant for ovum transportation,
• Ovum fertilization, and
• Transportation of fertilized ovum. Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

3. Situation:- They are situated
• In medial three fourth of the upper free margin of broad
ligament.
Openings:- Each tube has got Two opening -
a. Uterine opening :- one is communicating with the lateral
angle of the uterine cavity. Measures:- 1mm. in diameter.
Tubes & Ovary
angle of the uterine cavity. Measures:- 1mm. in diameter.
b. Pelvic opening :- other is one lateral end of the tube , or
abdominal ostium close to ovary. Measures:- 2 mm. in
diameter. Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

4. Size :- Is about - Long =10 cm.
• Breath = 1 cm. at thickest part.
Course :-
• The tube pass laterally and backwards up to the ovary.
• Over which it arches, and finally turns downwards to end in
relation to its free
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relation to its free
• Posterior border and medial surface.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

5. .
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

6. Parts:- 4
Interstitial(Intramural) Isthmus Ampulla Infundibullum
Tubes & Ovary
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

7. 1) Interstitial (Intramural) :-
• It is narrowest part, it lies in only uterine wall.
• Size :- 1.25 cm X 1 mm.
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2) The Isthmus :- Is narrow and cord like,
• Straight , succeeding 1/3 of the tube.
• Size :-2.5 cm. X 2.5 mm.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

8. 3) Ampulla :-
• Is lateral, widest and tortuous part.
• Size :- 5.0 cm. X 4 mm.
4) Infundibullum :-
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4) Infundibullum :-
• Is funnel shaped and fimbriated opening (abdominal ostium),
is surrounded by a number of radiating fimbrias about - 25.
• One of these larger is attached to outer pole of the ovary called
Ovarian Fimbriae.
• Size :- 1.5 Cm. X 6mm. Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

9. Structure :- Has 3 layers.
a)Serous Layer :- It consist of peritoneum (Broad ligament) and
covers of all side except at the floor, where about 1/6 of its
circumference is a bare area.
• The minimum bare area is on isthmus part.
b)Muscular Layer :- Consist of two layers,
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b)Muscular Layer :- Consist of two layers,
i. Outer layer:- is longitudinal,
ii. Inner layer :- Are circular.
• The fibers are best developed in the isthmus - 0.5mm and
thinned out near the Fimbrial end - 0.1 mm.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

10. 3) Mucous layer:- (Endosalpinx) :-
• The layer is direct rest on muscular layer, with out sub mucous
layer. Have no glands.
It consist of -
• Surface epithelium :- Consist of tall and
• broad ciliated columnar cells = 20 -30%
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• broad ciliated columnar cells = 20 -30%
• With intervening secretory non ciliated cells = 50 – 60 % are
show variations during menstrual cycle.
• A third type of peg cells lying in between ciliated and secretory
cells.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

11. 4) Stroma :- these cells are lying between epithelial and muscular
layer, is rich in vessels and lymphatic's.
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

12. .
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

13. Coats of the Fallopian Tubes.
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

14. Coats of the Fallopian Tubes
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

15. Coats of the Fallopian Tubes
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

16. Mucous layer of the Fallopian Tubes
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

17. Coats of the Fallopian Tubes
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

18. Coats of the Fallopian Tubes
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

19. Peculiarities of the Tube
i. The tubal lumen enlarges from uterine to ovarian end.
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ii. The mucous membrane is thrown in to longitudinal folds and
rugaes, three or four rugaes are present in inner end of the tube.
iii. The motion of the ciliary current of tube are directed towards
uterus.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

20. iv. The peristaltic movements are also directed to wards the same
direction.
v. The contractile activities of tubal muscles is effected by
prostaglandins.
vi.The epithelium under goes cyclic changes like the
endometrium during menses
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endometrium during menses
vii.10 % Decidual changes are seen in mucous cells during
normal pregnancy.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

21. Secretion:-
• Is serous and Transudent.
• Controlled by ovarian hormones.
• During embryo transport to the uterus, the secretion flows
towards the uterus.
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

22. Blood Supply
Arteries:-
 Middle 2/3 supplied by tubal branch of uterine artery.
 Outer 1/3 “ “ “of ovarian artery.
• Veins :- Pampiiniform plexus drain to ovarian vein.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

23. Lymphatic's :- Drain to ovarian lymphatic's to
Para aortic lymph nodes.
Nerves:- (Motor and sensory)
• Sympathetic:- T11 - T12- Ovarian and uterine nerve.
• Prasymphathatic:- Outer ½ - from vagal fibrous.
• Inner ½ - from pelvic splanchic nerve.
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• Inner ½ - from pelvic splanchic nerve.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

24. Functions :-
• Transport of ovum, ovary to uterus.
• The tubal fimbrias has getup ovum pickup function.
• The Ampulla is the seat of fertilization.
• The tubal secretion provide nutrition to ovum, sperm and
embryo.
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embryo.
• The tubal secretion forms a medium for capacitation of sperm,
and maturation of morulla. Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

25. THE OVARY
• The ovaries are paired, sex glands or gonads in female,
• Functioning germ maturation, storage, and release. Produce sex
hormones.
• Anatomy.:- No - One on each side.
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• Shape :- Oval shape.
• Color:- Pinkish gray. Surface is scared during reproductive
life.
• Structure :- Solid, flat and ramiform.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

26. Measures :-
 Length - 1.5" =3.5 cm.
 Breath - = 2 cm.
 Thickness - = 2.5 cm.
 Weight - = 5 to 10 gm.
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 Weight - = 5 to 10 gm.
Ends :- Two - Tubal and Uterine end.
Border :- Two - Mesovarium and
Free posterior.
Surface :- Two - Medial and Lateral.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

27. Site :- It is situated - to close to lateral wall of the true pelvic wall
in ovarian Fossa.
Ligaments :-
• Laterally it is attached to the Posteriorly to broad ligament by
mesovarium at hylum of the ovary – Infundibulo pelvic
ligament.
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ligament.
• And suspended from uterine cornu by - Ovarian ligament.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

28. Relations:-
• Lateral :- It is lies in relation to the ovarian Fossa on lateral
pelvic wall.
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• Middle surface :- Covered to a large extent by fallopian tube.
• Anterior border :- Attached to mesovarium and directed to
the obliterated umbilical artery.
• Posterior :- Border is closely related to tubal Ampulla and is a
convex free border. Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

29. Structure - Is divided two zones.
a) Cortex :- Is the outer or Functioning zone.
b) Medulla :- It is inner zone.
a) Cortex :-
• It is covered on its surface by cubical epithelium called
germinal epithelium.
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germinal epithelium.
• Surface germinal epithelium :- Is covering of a single layered
cuboidal cells - instead of peritoneal covering.
• The junction of germinal epithelium with peritoneum is called
white line.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

30. • This is functional part of the ovary consist of stromal cells -
which are thickened beneath the germinal epithelium to form
Tunica blugenica.
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

31. Tubes & Ovary
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

32. • The tunica albugenica is condensed of fibrous tissue surrounds
the whole ovary except hilum.
• The rest part of the cortex is composed of.
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

33. Primordial follicles :- Called functional unit of the ovary.
• The follicles are in various phases of their development - with
hormone and ovum producing unit called Graffian follicles.
 The structures includes - Primordial follicles, Maturing
follicles, Graffian follicles, and Corpus luteum (Yellow body).
 Atresia of the structures results in formation of atratic follicles
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 Atresia of the structures results in formation of atratic follicles
(Corpus albucans)
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

34. B) The Stroma:- consist of highly cellular, spindle shape cells,
very richly supplied, blood vessels, lymphatic's and nerves.
C) Medulla :- it consist of loose connective tissue, non striated
plain muscles cells, spiral blood vessels, lymphatic's, nerves
and islands of stromal cells.
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and islands of stromal cells.
• Some remnants of Wolffian duct are visible at medulla, more
over at hilum.
• There are small collection of hiatus cells considered
homologues to the interstitial cells of testes.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

35. Blood Supply
Artery:- i. Ovarian artery– hilum– arterioles are spiral types.
ii. Uterine artery.
Veins :- From -Tube and Uterine body
• Pampiniform plexus
To
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To
• Ovarian vein.
a. Right ovarian vein, drain to Inferior vana cava
b. Left ovarian vein, drain to left renal vein.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

36. Lymphatic's :-
• Run with ovarian vessels drain to Para aortic lymph nodes.
Nerves :- T10 - Coelic - Renal plexus.
Parasympathetic - Pelvic splenic nerve.
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Parasympathetic - Pelvic splenic nerve.
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

37. Functions - Two main functions are -
a. Maturation of Graffian follicles in to the ovum.
b. Production of Gonadal steroids ( hormones).
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Dr. Ram Veer Sharma

38. Tubes & Ovary
Dr. Ram Veer Sharma
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