2. Contents
Anatomy and Physiology Of Human
Respiratory System
Respiratory Diseases
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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3. Anatomy and Physiology Of
Human Respiratory system
What is respiration?
Respiration is the act of breathing:
inhaling (inspiration) - taking in oxygen
exhaling (expiration) - giving off carbon dioxide
3
4. Respiratory System (cont…)
4
Functional anatomy of
the respiratory system:
Conducting Zone
-nose
-nasal cavity
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchi
Respiratory Zone
-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts
15. Diagnosis of Asthma (cont..)
Pattern of symptoms
List of indicators:
Wheezing
history of any of the following:
Cough, worse particularly at night
Recurrent wheeze
Recurrent difficulty in breathing
Recurrent chest tightness
Symptoms occur or worsen in the presence of:
Exercise
Viral infection
Animals with fur or hair
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16. Diagnosis of Asthma (cont..)
House-dust mites
Mold
Smoke (tobacco, wood)
Pollen
Changes in weather
Strong emotional expression (laughing or crying hard)
Airborne chemicals or dusts
Menstrual cycles
Symptoms occur or worsen at night, awakening the
patient
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31. B. Glucocorticoids (cont..)
Inhalational: Beclomethasone dipropionate,
Budesonide, Fluticasone propionate, Flunisolide,
Ciclesonide.
Toxicity of inhaled corticoid
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Systemic: Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, and others.
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32. B. Glucocorticoids (cont..)
Side effects
Metabolic effects,
Growth suppression,
Fluid retention, osteoporosis,
Increase susceptibility to infection,
Cataract, GI symptoms,
Adrenal suppression
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33. C. Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonists
and Leukotriene-Synthesis Inhibitors
Leukotriene-Receptor Antagonists
Zafirlukast,
Montelukast
Leukotriene-Synthesis Inhibitors
Zileuton
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34. Mechanism of action
• Selective and
competitive
receptor antagonist
of Leukotriene
D4 and E4
(LTD4 and LTE4),
components of
slow-reacting
substance
of anaphylaxis
(SRSA).
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35. D. Anti-IgE antibody
Omalizumab(Anti-IgEMab)
Recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody
targeted against IgE.
Directed against cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
Inhibits the binding of IgE to mast cells.
Reduced exacerbations 88%
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43. Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease
Refers to chronic bronchitis and
emphysema
Airways become narrowed
Limitation of the flow
of air causing shortness of breath
Airway obstruction largely irreversible
43
53. References
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Waugh Anne, Grant Allison, Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and
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Mohan Harsh, Textbook of Pathology; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 4th
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Dipiro Joseph T. Talbert RL. Yees GC. Matzke GR. Wells BG. Pharmacotherapy, a
physiologic approach. Mc Graw Hill medical. 6th ed. 2015-2027.
Goodman & Gilman's. The Pharmacological basis of therapeutics Mcgraw-Hill
Medical publishing division; 11th ed. 2006.720-731.
Rang H.P., Dale M.M., Ritter J.M., Moore P.K.; Pharmacology, 5th ed.,Churchill
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Lippincott, Modern Pharmacology With Clinical Application 6th ed. 458-466.
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease"
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthma"
www.google.com
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